關(guān)鍵詞:HHIP-AS1;舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌;miR-19a-3p;癌細(xì)胞增殖;癌細(xì)胞遷移 中圖分類號:R739.86 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1007-7146.2025.03.011
Abstract:To investigate theefects oflong noncodingRNA (lncRNA)HHIP-AS1onthe proliferationand migrationof tongue squamous cellcarcinoma celsand itsmolecular mechanism,the expressionofHHIP-AS1in tonguesquamous cell carcinoma tissues wasanalyzed bycBioPortal database.TheexpresionofHHIP-AS1intongue squamous cell carcinoma cells Wasdetectedbyquantitativereal-time polymerasechainreaction (qPCR).HHIP-AS1plasmidandcontrolplasmid were transfected into CAL-27cels,which were recorded as HHIP-AS1 groupandNC group,respectively.qPCR was usedtodetect the expressionof HHIP-AS1 in CAL-27 cells in each group. Cellcounting kit-8 (CCK-8) method and scratch healing assay were used todetectthe effectsofup-regulating HHIP-AS1onthe proliferationand migrationofCAL-27cels,respectively. Wester blot wasused todetect theefects ofup-regulating HHIP-AS1onthe expressionof proliferationphenotype proteins andmigrationphenotypeproteins inCAL-27cels.Dualluciferasereporterassaywasused toverifythetargetingrelationship between HHIP-AS1and miR-19a-3p.qPCR was used to detect theefectofupregulating HHIP-AS1on the expressionof miR19a-3p.Theresultshowedthat theexpressionofHIP-AS1in tongue squamouscellcarcinomacellines waslowerthanthat in human normal oral keratinocytes (HOK cells) (all Plt;0.05 ).The expression ofHHIP-AS1 in CAL-27cells of theHHIPAS1 group was significantly higher than that in the NC group (Plt;0.01 ). This study found that upregulating HHIP-AS1 could significantly inhibit the proliferationability( )andmigrationability( Plt;0.01 )ofCAL-27cells.UpregulatingHHIPAS1 would inhibit the expresionofproteinsrelated to the proliferative phenotype and migratory phenotypeofCAL-27cels. This study further found that HHIP-AS1 could bind to miR-19a-3p in a targeted manner ( (Plt;0.01 ),and upregulating HHIPAS1 would inhibit the expression of miR-19a-3p (
).Inconclusion,HHIP-AS1 islowly expressed in tongue squamous cell carcinoma.Upregulating HHIP-AS1inhibits the proliferationandmigrationof tongue squamous cellcarcinoma cels by reducing the expressionofmiR-19a-3p.This study may provideanew target fortheresearch on targeted therapyof tongue squamous cell carcinoma.
KeyWords:HHP-AS1;tongue squamous cell carcinoma; miR-19a-3p; cancercell proliferation; cancercellmigration (Acta Laser Biology Sinica,2025,34(3): 282-288)
舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌(tongue squamous cell carcinoma)是口腔癌最常見的類型,其發(fā)生與遺傳、抽煙、咀嚼檳榔、飲酒等有關(guān)[1]。舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌的預(yù)后較差,對口腔往往造成較大創(chuàng)傷,不僅威脅患者生命,而且會(huì)嚴(yán)重降低患者的生活質(zhì)量[2-3]。目前,舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌的發(fā)病機(jī)制并不清楚,探究其進(jìn)展機(jī)制可能有助于發(fā)現(xiàn)新的抗癌靶點(diǎn)。長鏈非編碼RNA(longnoncodingRNA,lncRNA)是一類單鏈,其長度通常大于200個(gè)核苷酸[4]。IncRNA參與腫瘤的發(fā)生和發(fā)展,其在腫瘤診斷、抗癌藥物研發(fā)、預(yù)后監(jiān)測等方面具有巨大的應(yīng)用前景[5-6]。HHIP-AS1是一個(gè)長度為646個(gè)核昔酸的lncRNA,其編碼基因定位在人染色體4q31.21。越來越多的研究顯示,HHIP-AS1在肺腺癌、肝癌等腫瘤中低表達(dá),HHIP-AS1在腫瘤發(fā)生和發(fā)展中表現(xiàn)為抑癌基因作用[7-8]。然而,HHIP-AS1在舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌中的作用和分子機(jī)制尚未見報(bào)道。本研究主要探究HHIP-AS1在舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌中的表達(dá),檢測過表達(dá)HHIP-AS1對舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞增殖和遷移的影響,探討其分子機(jī)制。
1 材料與方法
1.1 細(xì)胞與試劑
人舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞(TSCCA、CAL-27、HNI3、Tca8113、SCC-15)和正??谇唤琴|(zhì)細(xì)胞(HOK)購于美國模式培養(yǎng)物保藏庫。Lipofectamine2000試劑、RNA提取試劑盒購于美國ThermoFisher公司。對照質(zhì)粒和HHIP-AS1質(zhì)粒購于北京索萊寶科技有限公司。雙熒光素酶報(bào)告試劑盒和細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)試劑盒-8(cellcountingkit-8,CCK-8)試劑盒購于日本TaKaRa公司。miR-19a-3pmimics和miR-NC購于成都福際生物技術(shù)有限公司。培養(yǎng)基和胎牛血清購于美國Invitrogen公司。一抗細(xì)胞周期蛋白依賴性激酶1(cyclin-dependentkinase1,CDK1)細(xì)胞周期蛋白B(cyclinB)、β-肌動(dòng)蛋白( β -actin)纖連蛋白(fibronectin)叉頭框蛋白C2(forkheadboxproteinC2,F(xiàn)OXC2)均購于英國Abcam公司。
1.2生物信息學(xué)分析
利用cBioPortal數(shù)據(jù)庫分析舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌組織中HHIP-AS1的表達(dá)差異。利用DIANAtools和LncRNA2Target網(wǎng)站預(yù)測HHIP-AS1下游靶基因。
1.3 細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)與分組
CAL-27、HN13、Tca8113在含 10% 胎牛血清的RPMI1640培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng),HOK細(xì)胞在含 10% 胎牛血清的DK-SFM培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng),TSCCA和SCC-15細(xì)胞在含 10% 胎牛血清的DMEM培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng)。將對數(shù)生長期CAL-27細(xì)胞接種在6孔板,用Lipofectamine20oo分別將 3μg 對照質(zhì)粒和3μg HHIP-AS1質(zhì)粒轉(zhuǎn)染至CAL-27細(xì)胞,分別記為NC組和HHIP-AS1組。培養(yǎng) 20h 后,進(jìn)行后續(xù)檢測。
1.4實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)(quantitativerealtimepolymerasechain reaction,qPCR)檢測HHIPAS1和miR-19a-3p表達(dá)
用總RNA提取試劑提取RNA,合成的cDNA作為qPCR反應(yīng)模版。以 β -actin或U6為內(nèi)參, 2-ΔΔCt 法分析基因表達(dá)。qPCR反應(yīng)條件為 95°C 變性 5min 95°C 作用20s, 55% 退火20s, 73% 延伸10s,39個(gè)循環(huán)。qPCR引物序列見表1。
1.5 CCK-8法檢測CAL-27細(xì)胞增殖
收集各組CAL-27細(xì)胞,加入培養(yǎng)基調(diào)整細(xì)胞密度為每毫升含 3×105 個(gè)細(xì)胞,以每孔 130μL 的劑量接種至96孔板。分別培養(yǎng)1、2、3、4、5d,每孔分別加人 50μL 的CCK-8溶液。繼續(xù)培養(yǎng) 3h ,酶標(biāo)儀檢測每孔于 450nm 處的光密度(optical density, OD 值。
1.6劃痕愈合試驗(yàn)檢測CAL-27細(xì)胞遷移
將各組CAL-27細(xì)胞 (3×106 個(gè))接種至6孔板,手持滅菌槍頭劃痕,保持劃線為直線。沖洗6次,加人不含血清的培養(yǎng)基。分別在 0h 和25h時(shí)間點(diǎn)觀察和拍照,用ImageJ軟件分析劃痕距離均值,代表各組CAL-27細(xì)胞的遷移程度。
1.7蛋白質(zhì)印跡(Westernblot)試驗(yàn)檢測增殖表型蛋白質(zhì)的表達(dá)和遷移表型蛋白質(zhì)的表達(dá)
將各組CAL-27細(xì)胞在RIPA溶液中裂解,超聲破碎后取上清。加入上樣緩沖液,煮沸 8min ,12% 凝膠電泳,轉(zhuǎn)移至聚偏二氟乙烯膜上。加入9% 脫脂牛奶,在室溫下封閉 1.5h 。洗膜5次,分別加入一抗(CDK1、CyclinB以 1:2000 比例稀釋,F(xiàn)ibronectin、FOXC2、 β -actin以1:3000比例稀釋),7% 孵育 11h 。加入二抗羊抗兔或羊抗鼠( 1:7000 比例稀釋),室溫孵育 4h 。用化學(xué)發(fā)光試劑處理
1min ,用凝膠成像儀顯影。
1.8雙熒光素酶報(bào)告基因試驗(yàn)
構(gòu)建HHIP-AS1野生型熒光素酶報(bào)告載體(HHIP-AS1-WT)和突變型報(bào)告載體(HHIP-AS1-MUT),分別與miR-NC或miR-19a-3p共轉(zhuǎn)染CAL-27細(xì)胞,培養(yǎng) 42h 收集細(xì)胞。分別檢測各組CAL-27細(xì)胞螢火蟲熒光素酶活性和海腎熒光素酶活性,兩者比值即為相對熒光素酶活性。
1.9 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
利用SPSS20軟件對試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量數(shù)據(jù)以均值 ± 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差 表示,用 t 檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行兩組間比較,用單因素方差分析進(jìn)行多組間比較,以 Plt;0.05 為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果與分析
2.1HHIP-AS1在舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌組織和細(xì)胞系中的表達(dá)
cBioPortal數(shù)據(jù)庫分析顯示(圖1),舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌組織中HHIP-AS1表達(dá)明顯低于癌旁組織 (Plt;0.01) 。qPCR檢測顯示(圖2),HHIP-AS1在舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞TSCCA、CAL-27、HNI3、Tca8113、SCC-15中表達(dá)顯著低于HOK細(xì)胞(均 Plt;0.05 ,且在CAL-27細(xì)胞中表達(dá)最低 (Plt;0.01 )。以上結(jié)果提示,HHIP-AS1可能在舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌中發(fā)揮抑癌基因作用。
2.2 HHIP-AS1質(zhì)粒的過表達(dá)效率
qPCR顯示,NC組和HHIP-AS1組CAL-27細(xì)胞中HHIP-AS1相對表達(dá)分別為 1.05±0.46 和 10.45± 2.03,HHIP-AS1組CAL-27細(xì)胞中HHIP-AS1相對表達(dá)顯著高于NC組( Plt;0.01 ),表明HHIP-AS1質(zhì)粒在CAL-27細(xì)胞中成功表達(dá)。
2.3上調(diào)HHIP-AS1對舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞增殖的影響
如圖3所示,與NC組相比,過表達(dá)HHIP-AS1的CAL-27細(xì)胞增殖能力在接種2、3、4、5d時(shí)顯著下降(均 Plt;0.05 ,表明HHIP-AS1能抑制舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞的增殖。
2.4上調(diào)HHIP-AS1對舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞遷移的影響
如圖4所示,NC組和HHIP-AS1組遷移率分別為 (54.23±7.15)% 和 (19.72±4.19)% ,HHIP-AS1組遷移率顯著低于NC組( ?lt;0.01 ),表明HHIP-AS1能抑制舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞的遷移。
2.5上調(diào)HHIP-AS1對舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞增殖表型蛋白質(zhì)和遷移表型蛋白質(zhì)的影響
Westernblot顯示(圖5),HHIP-AS1組CAL-27細(xì)胞中增殖表型蛋白質(zhì)CyclinB、CDK1的表達(dá)降低,遷移表型蛋白質(zhì)Fibronectin、FOXC2的表達(dá)顯著低于NC組,表明HHIP-AS1能降低舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞中增殖表型蛋白質(zhì)和遷移表型蛋白質(zhì)的表達(dá)。
2.6 HHIP-AS1與miR-19a-3p靶向關(guān)系
通過DIANAtools和LncRNA2Target網(wǎng)站預(yù)測(圖6),miR-19a-3p與HHIP-AS1的結(jié)合評分最高,所以選擇miR-19a-3p進(jìn)行研究,miR-19a-3p與
HHIP-AS1存在7個(gè)結(jié)合位點(diǎn)。如圖7所示,HHIP-AS1-WT+miR-19a-3p 組熒光素酶活性顯著低于HHIP-AS1-WT + miR-NC組( Plt;0.01 ,表明HHIP-AS1能夠靶向結(jié)合miR-19a- ?3p 。
2.7上調(diào)HHIP-AS1對舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞miR-19a-3p表達(dá)的影響
qPCR顯示,HHIP-AS1組和NC組CAL-27細(xì)胞中miR-19a-3p相對表達(dá)分別為 1.03±0.27 和 6.79± 0.49,HHIP-AS1組miR-19a-3p表達(dá)顯著低于NC組( Plt;0.01 ),表明HHIP-AS1能夠抑制舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞中miR-19a-3p的表達(dá)。
3討論
大量研究顯示,IncRNA參與了舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌的發(fā)生和發(fā)展[9-11]。如Zhang等[12]報(bào)道,IncRNAKRT16P6在舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌組織和細(xì)胞系中表達(dá)上調(diào),并與舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌分期和分化等級相關(guān),干擾lncRNAKRT16P6表達(dá)可降低舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞的遷移、侵襲和增殖能力,miR-3180是lncRNAKRT16P6的下游靶點(diǎn)。如Jia等[13]發(fā)現(xiàn),lncRNASNHG1在舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌組織和細(xì)胞中高表達(dá),敲除lncRNASNHG1可通過促進(jìn)miR-194-5p表達(dá),抑制舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞的上皮-間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化、遷移和侵襲。研究表明,HHIP-AS1參與多種腫瘤的發(fā)生和進(jìn)展。HHIP-AS1在肝癌組織中的表達(dá)明顯降低,其表達(dá)下調(diào)與腫瘤大小、轉(zhuǎn)移和TNM分期相關(guān),也預(yù)示肝癌患者總生存率降低,HHIP-AS1具有抑制肝癌細(xì)胞增殖、遷移、侵襲以及促進(jìn)細(xì)胞凋亡的生物學(xué)功能[14]。HHIP-AS1在非小細(xì)胞肺癌中表達(dá)下調(diào),其低表達(dá)與患者預(yù)后不良相關(guān),過表達(dá)HHIP-AS1能抑制非小細(xì)胞肺癌細(xì)胞的增殖、遷移和侵襲[15]。因此,本研究探究了HHIP-AS1對舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞增殖和遷移的作用及其機(jī)制。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,HHIP-AS1在舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌組織和細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)明顯降低,提示HHIP-AS1可能在舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌中發(fā)揮抑癌作用。HHIP-AS1低表達(dá)的機(jī)制仍需進(jìn)一步研究。HHIP-AS1在舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌CAL-27細(xì)胞中表達(dá)最低,故本研究采用HHIP-AS1質(zhì)粒上調(diào)CAL-27細(xì)胞中HHIP-AS1的表達(dá)。本研究顯示,上調(diào)HHIP-AS1可抑制CAL-27細(xì)胞的增殖和遷移,說明HHIP-AS1有助于抑制舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌的惡性進(jìn)展。
大量研究顯示,lncRNA通過堿基互補(bǔ)的方式與miRNA進(jìn)行部分或完全配對,抑制miRNA的活性或者降解 miRNA[16-18]。例如,lncRNA VPS9D1-AS1能通過部分配對miR-187-3p,抑制miR-187-3p的活性,從而促進(jìn)前列腺癌細(xì)胞的增殖、遷移和侵襲能力[19]。本研究對HHIP-AS1下游靶點(diǎn)進(jìn)行預(yù)測,結(jié)果顯示,HHIP-AS1與miR-19a-3p活性區(qū)域具有結(jié)合位點(diǎn)。本研究對HHIP-AS1是否靶向結(jié)合miR-19a-3p進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,結(jié)果顯示,HHIP-AS1能直接靶向結(jié)合miR-19a-3p。miR-19a-3p在多種腫瘤如卵巢癌、結(jié)直腸癌、乳腺癌、宮頸癌等組織和細(xì)胞中高表達(dá),其表達(dá)與腫瘤患者的分期較差、不良預(yù)后密切相關(guān),miR-19a-3p能夠促進(jìn)腫瘤細(xì)胞的有氧糖酵解、增殖、轉(zhuǎn)移以及化療抗性,其表現(xiàn)為癌基因作用[20-23]。Li等[24]研究表明,臨床舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌標(biāo)本中miR-19a-3p表達(dá)上調(diào),敲低miR-19a-3p顯著抑制舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌CAL-27細(xì)胞的增殖、上皮-間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化和遷移。本研究顯示,上調(diào)HHIP-AS1表達(dá)能明顯抑制miR-19a-3p的表達(dá),說明HHIP-AS1在舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞中通過調(diào)控miR-19a-3p的表達(dá)發(fā)揮作用。本研究的不足之處在于沒有在體內(nèi)證實(shí)HHIP-AS1對舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞增殖和遷移的作用。下一步我們將通過裸鼠荷瘤試驗(yàn)探究HHIP-AS1在生物體內(nèi)的抑癌作用。
綜上所述,HHIP-AS1在舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌中表達(dá)降低,過表達(dá)HHIP-AS1能夠通過靶向下調(diào)miR-19a-3p表達(dá)來抑制舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌細(xì)胞增殖和遷移。HHIP-AS1的研究可能為舌鱗狀細(xì)胞癌的新藥研發(fā)提供新的思路。
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