AbstractObjective:Tosystematicallyevaluatetheefectofpreventivenegativepresure woundtherapyinpatientsundergoing abdominalsurgery.Methods:Randomizedcontroledtrials(RCTs)ontheefectofpreventivenegativepresure Woundtherapyand standarddressingsinpatientsudergoingabdominalsurgerywereretrievedfromPubMed,WebofSience,EMbase,theCoane Library,CIALKI,WanFangatabse,CB,licalialsndneseCcalTriaegistryCiC)frothtablstf databasestoMay31,O24.ThCchaneriskof-biastolwasusedtoevaluatethequaltyoftheliteratureandRevMan5.3software wasusedforstatisticalaalysis.Results:Atotalof2ricleswereicluded,volving3O5patient.Compardwithsandarddsing, preventive negative pressure wound therapy can reduce the incidence of surgical site infection(OR °leddash 0.56,95%C10.46-0.69, Plt;0.001 ) and seroma(OR =0.45,95%0.29-0.69,Plt;0.001) in patients undergoing abdominal surgery. However,there was no statistically significantdiferenceintheincidenceofincisiondehiscence,hematoma,andlengthofstaybetwen thetwogroupsof patints.
Conclusions:Existing evidenceshowes that preventive negative presure Wound therapycouldreducethe incidenceof surgicalsite nfection in patients undergoing abdominal surgery.
Keywords preventive negative pressure wound therapy;abdominal surgery;surgical site infection;Meta-analysis;evidence-based nursing
摘要目的:系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)預(yù)防性負(fù)壓傷口治療在腹部手術(shù)病人中的應(yīng)用效果。方法:計(jì)算機(jī)檢索PubMed、Webof Science、EMbase、theCochrane Library、CINAHL、中國(guó)知網(wǎng)、萬(wàn)方數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)、中國(guó)生物醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)以及Clinical Trials和中國(guó)臨床試驗(yàn)注冊(cè)中心中有關(guān)預(yù)防性負(fù)壓傷口治療與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)敷料在腹部手術(shù)病人中應(yīng)用效果的隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn),檢索時(shí)限為建庫(kù)至2024年5月31日。采用Cochrane偏倚風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)工具進(jìn)行文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià),應(yīng)用RevMan5.3軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。結(jié)果:共納入22篇文獻(xiàn),涉及3075例病人。與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)敷料相比,預(yù)防性負(fù)壓傷口治療可以降低腹部手術(shù)病人手術(shù)部位感染發(fā)生率[OR °eq 0.56,95%C1(0.46,0.69), 和血清腫發(fā)生率 [OR=0.45,95%CI(0.29,0.69,Plt;0.001]] 。但兩組病人切口裂開發(fā)生率、血腫發(fā)生率和住院時(shí)間比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。結(jié)論:現(xiàn)有證據(jù)顯示,預(yù)防性負(fù)壓傷口治療有助于降低腹部手術(shù)病人手術(shù)部位感染發(fā)生率和血清腫發(fā)生率。
關(guān)鍵詞預(yù)防性負(fù)壓傷口治療;腹部手術(shù);手術(shù)部位感染;Meta分析;循證護(hù)理doi:10.12102/j.issn.2095-8668.2025.13.004
研究顯示,全球腹部手術(shù)病人手術(shù)部位感染(surgical siteinfection,SSI)的發(fā)生率為 15%~ 25%[1-3] 。SSI不僅增加醫(yī)療成本[4-5]和抗生素耐藥率[6,還增加病人住院時(shí)間,延遲腫瘤病人的輔助化療,甚至增加病人死亡率[67]。因此,如何降低SSI的發(fā)生率,特別是腹部手術(shù)病人的SSI發(fā)生率已成為全球公共衛(wèi)生挑戰(zhàn)。世界衛(wèi)生組織提出采用預(yù)防性負(fù)壓傷口治療(prophylactic negative pressure wound therapy,pNPWT)降低SSI發(fā)生率[8]。pNPWT是由一個(gè)連接到真空泵的封閉密封系統(tǒng)組成,真空泵在傷口表面保持負(fù)壓。隨機(jī)對(duì)照試驗(yàn)(randomizedcontrolledtrial,RCT)的系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)和Meta分析結(jié)果顯示,在血管外科[9]、乳腺手術(shù)[10]和婦科手術(shù)[1]中,pNPWT可有效降低SSI發(fā)生率。在腹部手術(shù)中,一項(xiàng)針對(duì)RCT和觀察性研究的系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)和Meta分析結(jié)果顯示,pNPWT能夠降低SSI發(fā)生率[12]。但僅合并RCT并未顯示較好的結(jié)果。隨后,有研究對(duì)接受剖宮產(chǎn)手術(shù)的RCT的系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)和Meta分析結(jié)果顯示,pNPWT在降低SSI發(fā)生率方面具有重要作用[13]。然而,僅納入接受剖宮產(chǎn)手術(shù)病人的RCT的Meta分析并未證實(shí)這一效果。分析原因可能與合并病人數(shù)量少(590例病人)以及pNPWT干預(yù)措施的異質(zhì)性有關(guān)。近年來(lái),隨著多中心、大樣本、高質(zhì)量的RCT相繼完成,pNPWT是否能夠降低腹部手術(shù)SSI發(fā)生率仍存在爭(zhēng)議。為進(jìn)一步評(píng)價(jià)pNPWT在腹部手術(shù)中的應(yīng)用效果,本研究進(jìn)行Meta分析,以期為腹部手術(shù)病人pNPWT的選擇提供參考依據(jù)。
1 資料與方法
1.1檢索策略
計(jì)算機(jī)檢索PubMed、WebofScience、EMbase、 theCochraneLibrary、CINAHL、中國(guó)知網(wǎng)、萬(wàn)方數(shù)據(jù) 庫(kù)、中國(guó)生物醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)以及ClinicalTrials和中 國(guó)臨床試驗(yàn)注冊(cè)中心中有關(guān)pNPWT與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)敷料在腹 部手術(shù)病人中應(yīng)用效果的RCT研究。英文數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)以 PubMed為例,檢索式為:(\"negative-pressure therapy\" [Title/Abstract] OR \"negative pressure therapy\"[Title/ Abstract] OR \"negative-pressure wound therapy\"[Title/ Abstract] OR \"negative pressure wound therapy\" [Title/ Abstract] OR \"prophylactic closed -incision negative - pressure wound therapy\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"prophylactic closed-incision negative pressure wound therapy\"[Title/ Abstract] OR \"NPT\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"NPWT\" [Title/Abstract] OR \"pNPT\"[Title/Abstract]OR \"pNPWT\" [Title/Abstract])AND(\"laparotomy\" [Title/Abstract] OR \"open abdominal surgery\"[Title/ Abstract] OR \"abdominal surgery\"[Title/Abstract]OR \"abdominal incision\"[Title/Abstract] OR \"open colorectal surgery\" [Title/Abstract]OR \"pancreaticoduodenectomy\" [Title/Abstract]OR \"hepatectomy\" [Title/Abstract] OR\"abdominal wall reconstruction\" [Title/Abstract] OR\"peritonitis\"[Title/Abstract] OR\"acutecare surgery\"[Title/Abstract]OR \"closed incision\"[Title/ Abstract]OR\"closedabdominalwound\" [Title/ Abstract]OR \"abdominal wound\"[Title/Abstract])。 中文數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)以中國(guó)知網(wǎng)為例,檢索式為:SU (負(fù)壓治 療十負(fù)壓傷口治療十預(yù)防性負(fù)壓傷口治療)ANDSU
(剖腹術(shù)十開腹手術(shù) + 腹部傷口 + 腹部切口 + 開腹結(jié) 直腸手術(shù) + 胰十二指腸切除術(shù) + 肝切除術(shù) + 腹壁重 建十腹膜炎十急診手術(shù)十閉式切口 + 閉式腹部傷口。 檢索時(shí)限均為建庫(kù)至2024年5月31日。同時(shí)追溯納 人研究的參考文獻(xiàn)作為補(bǔ)充,并使用Google等搜索引 擎檢索相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)和灰色文獻(xiàn)。
1.2文獻(xiàn)納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
納人標(biāo)準(zhǔn):研究類型為RCT;研究對(duì)象為行腹部手術(shù)的病人;干預(yù)措施為觀察組采用pNPWT,對(duì)照組采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)敷料;結(jié)局指標(biāo)中,主要結(jié)局指標(biāo)為SSI(根據(jù)疾病控制中心的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),SSI定義為與外科手術(shù)相關(guān)的感染[14])發(fā)生率,次要結(jié)局指標(biāo)為淺表SSI發(fā)生率、深部SSI發(fā)生率、切口裂開發(fā)生率、血清腫發(fā)生率、血腫發(fā)生率和醫(yī)院住院時(shí)間;語(yǔ)言為中、英文。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):1)無(wú)法獲取全文;2)無(wú)法獲取數(shù)據(jù);3)會(huì)議論文。
1.3文獻(xiàn)篩選與資料提取
按照納入與排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn),首先由2名接受過(guò)循證系統(tǒng)培訓(xùn)的研究者獨(dú)立完成對(duì)文獻(xiàn)篩選與信息資料的提取,然后進(jìn)行交叉核對(duì),如遇分歧則由2人協(xié)商解決或由其他研究者協(xié)助裁定。資料提取內(nèi)容主要包括第一作者姓名、發(fā)表時(shí)間、研究地點(diǎn)、干預(yù)措施、pNPWT的特征(pNPWT裝置的類型、負(fù)壓、持續(xù)時(shí)間等)病人的人口統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)特征、主要結(jié)局指標(biāo)、次要結(jié)局指標(biāo)。
1.4文獻(xiàn)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)
使用修訂后的Cochrane偏倚風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估工具[15],由2名研究者獨(dú)立評(píng)估每項(xiàng)研究的偏倚風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。該評(píng)估工具共7條標(biāo)準(zhǔn),若完全符合7條標(biāo)準(zhǔn)則表示偏倚風(fēng)險(xiǎn)低,評(píng)為A級(jí);若部分符合則表示有中度偏倚風(fēng)險(xiǎn),評(píng)為B級(jí);若完全不符合則表示偏倚風(fēng)險(xiǎn)高,評(píng)為C級(jí)。若2名研究者評(píng)價(jià)存在分歧,協(xié)商解決或咨詢其他研究者協(xié)助判斷。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用RevMan5.3軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。定性資料采用比值比(OR)作為效應(yīng)指標(biāo)。對(duì)無(wú)法直接獲得均數(shù)與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)化[16]。納入研究間的異質(zhì)性分析采用 χ2 檢驗(yàn),同時(shí)結(jié)合 I2 判斷異質(zhì)性大小。若Pgtrsim0.1 且 I2?50% ,表示研究間異質(zhì)性可接受,則選用固定效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行Meta分析;若 Plt;0.1 且 I2gt;50% 表示各研究結(jié)果間存在異質(zhì)性,則選用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型進(jìn)行Meta分析。對(duì)有明顯臨床異質(zhì)性的研究進(jìn)行敏感性分析。對(duì)不同的手術(shù)類型進(jìn)行亞組分析,包括急診手術(shù)、結(jié)直腸手術(shù)、胰腺手術(shù)、腹部疝修補(bǔ)術(shù)。檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)為 α=0.05 。
2 結(jié)果
2.1文獻(xiàn)檢索結(jié)果
通過(guò)檢索數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)和臨床試驗(yàn)注冊(cè)平臺(tái)共獲得相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)4503篇,經(jīng)過(guò)逐層篩選后,最終納入22篇文獻(xiàn)[17-38],均為英文文獻(xiàn),發(fā)表年限為2016—2024年,合計(jì)樣本量為3075例,其中觀察組為1534例,對(duì)照組為1541例。文獻(xiàn)篩選流程及結(jié)果見圖1。
2.2納入研究的基本特征(見表1)
2.3納人研究的方法學(xué)質(zhì)量評(píng)價(jià)(見表2)
2.4Meta分析結(jié)果(見表3)
2.4.1 SSI發(fā)生率
22篇[17-38]文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道了pNPWT對(duì)腹部手術(shù)SSI發(fā)生率的影響。異質(zhì)性檢驗(yàn)顯示: I2=44% P=0.01 ,采用固定效應(yīng)模型分析。Meta分析結(jié)果顯示:兩組病人SSI發(fā)生率比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 [OR=0.56 ,95%CI(0.46,0.69),Plt;0.001]
2.4.2 切口裂開發(fā)生率
10篇[17-19,23,25-2732,34,36]文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道了pNPWT對(duì)腹部手術(shù)切口裂開發(fā)生率的影響。異質(zhì)性檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,I2=0% P=0.56 ,采用固定效應(yīng)模型分析。Meta分析結(jié)果顯示:pNPWT對(duì)腹部手術(shù)病人切口裂開發(fā)生率影響不明顯,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 [OR=0.75,95%CI (0.52,1.09), P=0.13] 。
2.4.3 血腫發(fā)生率
7篇[19,23-24,26,28-29.34]文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道了pNPWT對(duì)腹部手術(shù)血腫發(fā)生率的影響。異質(zhì)性檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示, I2= 0% ,P=0.67 ,采用固定效應(yīng)模型分析。Meta分析結(jié)果顯示:pNPWT對(duì)腹部手術(shù)病人血腫發(fā)生率影響不明顯,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義[OR :=0.51 , 95%CI(0.21 1.24), P=0.14] 。
2.4.4 血清腫發(fā)生率
10篇[17,19-2,23-24,26-27,29,34]文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道了pNPWT對(duì)腹部手術(shù)血清腫發(fā)生率的影響。異質(zhì)性檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,I2=0% P=0.52 ,采用固定效應(yīng)模型分析。Meta分析結(jié)果顯示: pNPWT 對(duì)腹部手術(shù)病人切口裂開發(fā)生率有影響,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 .OR=0.45,95%CI(0.29 0.69), Plt;0.001] ○
2.4.5 住院時(shí)間
9篇[17-18,21,23-24,27-28,32-33]文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道了pNPWT對(duì)腹部手術(shù)病人住院時(shí)間的影響。異質(zhì)性檢驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示, I2= 53% P=0.04 ,采用隨機(jī)效應(yīng)模型分析。Meta分析結(jié)果顯示:pNPWT對(duì)腹部手術(shù)病人住院時(shí)間影響不明顯,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義 Δ[MD=-0.40,95%CI(-0.88 ,0.08), P=0.10] 。
2.4.6 亞組分析
本研究中,,2項(xiàng)[25,2為診手術(shù),,8項(xiàng)[822234.8]研究為結(jié)直腸癌手術(shù)及造口回納術(shù),4項(xiàng)[28.30-32]研究為胰腺手術(shù),2項(xiàng)[21,23]研究為切口疝修補(bǔ)術(shù)。亞組分析結(jié)果顯示:pNPWT可以降低急診手術(shù) [OR=0.23 ,95%CI(0.08 ,0.69), P=0.009 ]、結(jié)直腸手術(shù) OR= 0.71,95%CI(0.53,0.96) , P=0.03? 、胰腺手術(shù) OR= 0.33,95%CI(0.19,0.60) $P { lt; } 0 . 0 0 1 \bar$ 和切口疝修補(bǔ)術(shù)[OR=0.19,95%CI(0.05,0.78),P=0.02]SSI 發(fā)生率。4個(gè)亞組SSI發(fā)生率比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義( Plt;0.001)。
2.5 發(fā)表偏倚
以SSI為結(jié)局指標(biāo)的研究繪制漏斗圖分析發(fā)表偏倚,大部分研究位于中上部且左右大致對(duì)稱分布,表明發(fā)表偏倚對(duì)Meta分析的影響較小。見圖2。
3 討論
3.1pNPWT有助于預(yù)防腹部手術(shù)傷口相關(guān)并發(fā)癥
研究表明, pNPWT 可降低骨科、胸外科和血管外科SSI發(fā)生率[32],但其在預(yù)防腹部切口SSI方面的益處仍存在爭(zhēng)議。一項(xiàng)納入3項(xiàng)隨機(jī)試驗(yàn)和6項(xiàng)觀察性研究的系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)[39]結(jié)果顯示,剖宮產(chǎn)手術(shù)病人預(yù)防性使用負(fù)壓傷口治療后SSI發(fā)生率明顯降低[ OR= 0.25,95%CI(0.12,0.52),Plt;0.001] 。然而,納入的研究之間報(bào)告了明顯的臨床和方法學(xué)異質(zhì)性,限制了這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的可靠性。Kuper等[40]納人5項(xiàng)RCT的Meta分析結(jié)果顯示,與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)敷料相比,pNPWT病人SSI發(fā)生率無(wú)明顯差異 ?RR=0.56,95%CI(0.30,1.03),P= 0.064],但不同研究之間存在明顯的統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)異質(zhì)性( .I2= 67.4% P=0.015) 。這些相互矛盾的結(jié)果阻礙了常規(guī)使用pNPWT的實(shí)踐,并促使人們呼呼進(jìn)行更大規(guī)模的試驗(yàn)和更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的隨訪,以確定可能從這種干預(yù)中受益的特定切口類型和病人群體。本研究對(duì)22項(xiàng)RCT的Meta分析結(jié)果顯示,pNPWT可降低剖宮產(chǎn)手術(shù)后30d內(nèi)SSI發(fā)生率 (OR=0.56,Plt;0.001) 。先前研究報(bào)道顯示,剖宮產(chǎn)手術(shù)后SSI發(fā)生率為 26.6%[12] ,費(fèi)用高達(dá)49449美元[5]。因此,本研究結(jié)果可能對(duì)醫(yī)療保健系統(tǒng)具有重要意義。
3.2 pNPWT對(duì)腹部手術(shù)病人SSI的影響
研究顯示,pNPWT可增加微血管血流量、氧飽和度[41];增強(qiáng)傷口引流,消除細(xì)菌副產(chǎn)物,有效排出分泌物,清除壞死組織[42]。但SSI不同亞型的診斷、病程和治療各不相同。pNPWT對(duì)每種亞型的保護(hù)作用尚不清楚。今后需進(jìn)行更深人的研究,分析pNPWT對(duì)各種SSI的影響。
3.3pNPWT對(duì)腹部手術(shù)病人血清腫的影響
除SSI外,血清腫、血腫和傷口裂開等傷口并發(fā)癥也給醫(yī)療帶來(lái)了巨大的負(fù)擔(dān)。血清腫是術(shù)后腹膜前間隙局部積液或手術(shù)部位出現(xiàn)的半球形腫脹。研究顯示,腹腔鏡下腹股溝疝修補(bǔ)術(shù)后血清腫發(fā)生率為2.2%~64.0%[43] ,血清腫的持續(xù)存在會(huì)導(dǎo)致創(chuàng)口愈合延遲、增加局部組織感染[44]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,pNPWT不僅能夠降低SSI發(fā)生率,還能夠降低病人血清腫發(fā)生率。pNPWT可通過(guò)多種機(jī)制促進(jìn)創(chuàng)面愈合。通過(guò)創(chuàng)造無(wú)氧環(huán)境,使白細(xì)胞介素(IL-8和IL-10)水平和生長(zhǎng)因子表達(dá)增加,從而刺激血管生成、肉芽形成和細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)重塑;通過(guò)創(chuàng)造負(fù)壓環(huán)境,抑制血清腫形成,從而降低細(xì)菌生物負(fù)荷,促進(jìn)創(chuàng)面收縮;采用密封和抽吸功能可防止液體通過(guò)傷口滲入機(jī)體及周圍環(huán)境[41]。但兩組病人的傷口裂開發(fā)生率、血腫發(fā)生率和住院時(shí)間差異也無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,這與Wells等[45]的研究結(jié)果相似。
3.4pNPWT對(duì)腹部手術(shù)病人住院時(shí)間的影響
住院時(shí)間是醫(yī)療保健服務(wù)的重要指標(biāo)。研究顯示,使用便攜式負(fù)壓吸引系統(tǒng),可以降低病人住院時(shí)間。本系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)中,納入了使用便攜式和非便攜式負(fù)壓吸引系統(tǒng)的研究,與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)敷料相比,接受pNPWT治療病人的平均住院時(shí)間沒有明顯差異。該結(jié)果與Almansa-Saura等[39]研究結(jié)果相同。分析原因可能是:住院時(shí)間受多種因素影響,不僅取決于中線傷口,還取決于手術(shù)類型、是否存在引流管、下床活動(dòng)時(shí)間和其他手術(shù)并發(fā)癥等。因此,在探索pNPWT對(duì)住院時(shí)間的影響時(shí),需要排除其他干擾因素。
3.5pNPWT對(duì)不同手術(shù)類型SSI預(yù)防的影響
本研究對(duì)不同手術(shù)類型進(jìn)行了亞組分析,比較了急診手術(shù)、結(jié)直腸手術(shù)、胰腺手術(shù)和切口疝修補(bǔ)術(shù)病人應(yīng)用pNPWT對(duì)預(yù)防SSI的效果,結(jié)果顯示,pNPWT能夠降低總體SSI發(fā)生率,但由于各種手術(shù)類型中所納入的研究對(duì)象較少,研究之間的納人標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)存在明顯差異,使用的負(fù)壓傷口治療類型、施加的壓力和持續(xù)時(shí)間方面也存在方法上的差異,因此,結(jié)果還有待進(jìn)一步論證。
3.6 局限性
本研究的局限性表現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面:1納入的研究無(wú)法實(shí)施盲法,對(duì)研究結(jié)果有一定程度的影響;2)樣本量、病人年齡、手術(shù)類型、手術(shù)醫(yī)生的技術(shù)及其他因素方面存在的差異都會(huì)產(chǎn)生異質(zhì)性;3)檢索存在語(yǔ)言限制,非中英文文獻(xiàn)的缺失對(duì)結(jié)果可能產(chǎn)生影響;4)盡管進(jìn)行了中英文數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)檢索,但納人研究均為英文文獻(xiàn),可能存在潛在的發(fā)表偏倚。
4小結(jié)
本研究對(duì)現(xiàn)有證據(jù)進(jìn)行Meta分析結(jié)果表明,pNPWT能夠降低腹部手術(shù)病人SSI和血清腫的發(fā)生率,但在降低切口裂開、血腫發(fā)生率和縮短住院時(shí)間方面的作用不明顯。未來(lái)研究應(yīng)使用同質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),進(jìn)行大樣本、高質(zhì)量RCT,以確定在哪些研究人群中預(yù)防性使用pNPWT有利于降低腹部手術(shù)病人術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率。
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