[摘要]目的;探討基礎(chǔ)卵泡刺激素(basal folicle stimulating hormone,bFSH)與胚胎發(fā)育結(jié)局之間的關(guān)系。方法:本研究共納入2019年1月—2020年12月在南通大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院生殖醫(yī)學(xué)中心首次接受超促排卵治療的患者304例,年齡30\~44歲。采集患者的基本特征、周期指標(biāo)和胚胎發(fā)育結(jié)局(優(yōu)胚數(shù))。分析 bFSH與優(yōu)胚數(shù)之間關(guān)聯(lián)性。結(jié)果:(1)bFSH 低水平組 lt;10mIU/mL )患者BMI、竇卵泡計(jì)數(shù)(antral follclecount,AFC)、抗苗勒管激素(anti-Mullerian hormone,AMH)、促性腺激素(gonadotropins,Gn)劑量、獲卵數(shù)、成熟卵母細(xì)胞數(shù)和優(yōu)胚數(shù)均高于bFSH高水平組 (?10mIU/mL) ,基礎(chǔ)黃體生成素(basal luteinizinghormone,bLH)低于bFSH高水平組(均 Plt;0.05) ;不同 bFSH 組間女方年齡、男方年齡、不孕年限、不孕類型、基礎(chǔ)雌二醇(basalestradiol, bE2) 、男方精子濃度、前向精子活力、前向精子總數(shù)和 Gn 天數(shù)差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。(2)單因素分析顯示女方年齡、男方年齡、不孕年限、bFSH 和控制性超促排卵(controled ovarian hyperstimulation,COH)方案與優(yōu)胚數(shù)呈負(fù)相關(guān);bLH、AMH、AFC、 Gn 天數(shù) ?Gn 劑量、扳機(jī)日 E2 和卵泡數(shù)、獲卵數(shù)、成熟卵母細(xì)胞數(shù)和正常受精數(shù)與優(yōu)胚數(shù)呈正相關(guān);不孕類型、 .BMI,bE2 、男方精子濃度、前向精子活力和前向精子總數(shù)與優(yōu)胚數(shù)無(wú)關(guān)。(3)在調(diào)整了混雜因素(女方年齡、男方年齡、不孕類型、BMI、bLH、AMH、AFC、COH方案和 Gn 天數(shù))后,bFSH作為二分類變量,與 組相比,bFSH每增加 1mIU/mL ,優(yōu)胚數(shù)減少0.7個(gè)單位 (P=0.028) 。結(jié)論:在30\~44歲這類處于卵巢儲(chǔ)備功能下降的人群中,高 bFSH與患者體外受精/卵胞漿內(nèi)單精子注射(in vitro fertization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection,IVF/ICSI周期中優(yōu)胚數(shù)減少有關(guān)。臨床可以通過(guò)bFSH來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)患者潛在的生殖預(yù)后,以減少因低估而放棄治療或?qū)嵤┒鄠€(gè)無(wú)效的IVF/ICSI周期。
DOI:10.16424/j.cnki.cn32-1807/r.2025.04.006
[關(guān)鍵詞]基礎(chǔ)卵泡刺激素;竇卵泡計(jì)數(shù);體外受精/卵胞漿內(nèi)單精子注射;優(yōu)胚數(shù);卵巢儲(chǔ)備功能下降 [中圖分類號(hào)]R714.8 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]A [文章編號(hào)] 1674-7887(2025)04-0337-06
Therelationship between bFSHand embryonic development in the infertile womenwith assisted reproduction*
GUXiaoling*,CHEN Yannan,PENGLingna, ZHONGShuping,SUN Xiaoli** (ReproductiveMedicineCenter,Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu 226001) [Abstract]Objective:Toanalyze therelationship betweenbasal folicle stimulating hormone(bFSH)and embryonicdevelopmentoutcome.Methods:Atotalof304 patients 3O-44 yearsoldwho were treatedwithhyper-ovulationtherapyforthefirst timeattheReproductive MedicineCenterof Aflated Hospitalof Nantong Universityfrom January20l9toDecember2020 wereenrolledinthisstudy.Thebasiccharacteristicsofpatients,cycleindicatorsandembryonicdevelopmentaloutcome(the numberof high-qualityembryos)wererecorded.Thecorrelation between bFSHandthenumberof high-qualityembryos was analyzed.Results:Bralfollceount)ntianoe(A),odotrois(Goseb oocytes,numberof matureoocytesandnumberof high-qualityembryos inlowbFSHlevel group(lt;1OmIU/mL)were higher than those in high bFSH level group( ?10 mIU/mL),basal luteinizing hormone(bLH) was lower than those in high bFSH level group (all Plt;0.05 ); therewerenosignificantdiferencesinfemaleage,maleage,yearsofinfertilitytypeofinfertilitybasalstradiol (bE2),male spermconcentration,forwardspermmotilitytotal forwardspermcountanddaysofGnadministrationamongdifferentbFSHgroups.(2)inglefactoranalysisshowedthatfemaleage,maleage,yearsofinfertility,SHandcontrolledovarianhyperstimulation(COH)protocolwerenegativelycorelatedwiththenumberofhighqualitymbryos;bLH,AMH,AFC,days of Gn administration, Gn dose,follicle number and E2 on trigger day,number of retrieved oocytes,number of mature oocytes and numberof normal fertilizedoocytes werepositivelycorelated withthenumberof high-qualityembryos.There was no correlation between type of infertility,BMI,bE 2 ,male sperm concentration,forward motility and total forward sperm count and th numberofhighqualityembryos.(3)Afteradjustingforconfoundingfactors(femaleage,maleage,typeofinfertilityBM,bLH, AMH,AFC,COH protocol,anddaysofGnadministration).bFSHwascomparedwith thebFSHlt;1mIU/mLgroupasabnary variable for every1mIU/mL increased in bFSH,the numberof high-qualityembryos decreasedbyO.7units( P =0.028). Conclusion:Inpeopleaged3O-44years withdiminishedovarianreserve,highbFSHisassciatedwithadecreaseinthenumber of high-qualitymbryosduringthinitrofertilization/intracytoplasmicspermijection(IVFICScycle.ClinicallySHcan be usedto predictthepatient’spotentialreproductiveprognosis,soastoeducetheabandonmentof treatmentduetounderestimationor the implementationof multiple invalid IVF/ICSI cycles.
[KeyWords]basalfolllestimulatinghormone;antralfoliclcount;initrofertilizationintracyoplasmicspeijection; high-quality embryo number; diminished ovarian reserve
基礎(chǔ)卵泡刺激素(basal follicle stimulating hormone,bFSH)是卵巢儲(chǔ)備生物標(biāo)志物之一,當(dāng) 時(shí)提示卵巢儲(chǔ)備功能下降I。bFSH與卵母細(xì)胞產(chǎn)量和胚胎數(shù)量呈負(fù)相關(guān),與不孕女性輔助生殖助孕的臨床妊娠有關(guān)[2-3]。目前關(guān)于bFSH與不同年齡的不孕女性體外受精/卵胞漿內(nèi)單精子注射(invitrofertil-ization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection,IVF/ICSI) 治療中胚胎發(fā)育結(jié)局的相關(guān)性研究相對(duì)較少。胚胎質(zhì)量和數(shù)量是成功植入和活產(chǎn)的主要預(yù)測(cè)指標(biāo)。移植低質(zhì)量的胚胎可導(dǎo)致低出生體質(zhì)量?jī)旱娘L(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加、流產(chǎn)率增加和臨床妊娠率降低。相反,移植高質(zhì)量的胚胎會(huì)提高患者的臨床妊娠率和活產(chǎn)率[5-。因此,胚胎質(zhì)量對(duì)于輔助生殖技術(shù)(assisted reproductive tech-nology,ART結(jié)局尤為重要。本研究通過(guò)分析bFSH與30\~44歲處于卵巢儲(chǔ)備功能下降的不孕女性第1個(gè)ART周期優(yōu)胚數(shù)的關(guān)系,探討bFSH與輔助生殖助孕中胚胎發(fā)育結(jié)局的關(guān)聯(lián)性。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料選取2019年1月—2020年12月在南通大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院生殖醫(yī)學(xué)中心接受IVF/ICSI治療的不孕女性。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)女性,年齡30\~44歲;(2)第1個(gè)ART周期以拮抗劑、微刺激或超短方案進(jìn)行超促排卵。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)供卵或供精周期;(2)因未取到卵而取消的周期;(3)合并代謝異常或內(nèi)分泌疾?。ㄈ缍嗄衣殉簿C合征、高泌乳素血癥、甲狀腺疾病、糖尿病和庫(kù)欣綜合征等);(4)卵巢手術(shù)史;(5)合并傳染病、自身免疫性疾病、過(guò)敏性疾病、腫瘤、心臟病等。依據(jù)納入和排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn),最終本研究納入304例接受IVF/ICSI治療的不孕女性。
1.2 方法
1.2.1收集患者的病歷資料 (1)基礎(chǔ)情況:女方年齡和BMI、不孕年限、不孕類型(原發(fā)性不孕/繼發(fā)性不孕)、bFSH、基礎(chǔ)黃體生成素(basal luteinizing hor-mone,bLH)、基礎(chǔ)雌二醇(basal estradiol, bE2? )竇卵泡計(jì)數(shù)(antral follicle count,AFC)抗苗勒管激素(anti-Mullerianhormone,AMH)男方年齡、男方精子濃度、前向精子活力、前向精子總數(shù);(2)臨床用藥:促性腺激素(gonadotropins,Gn)天數(shù) ?Gn 劑量、控制性促排卵(controlled ovarian hyperstimulation,COH)方案、扳機(jī)日 ?16mm 卵泡數(shù)、扳機(jī)日 ?14mm 卵泡數(shù)和扳機(jī)日 E2 ;(3)周期結(jié)局:獲卵數(shù)、成熟卵母細(xì)胞數(shù)、優(yōu)胚數(shù)(包括卵裂期胚胎和囊胚)。
1.2.2COH方案促性腺激素釋放激素拮抗劑(gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, GnRH-A)方案:于月經(jīng)周期的第2天或第3天給予患者肌肉注射人絕經(jīng)期促性腺激素(human menopausal gonadotropin,HMG,樂(lè)寶得,珠海麗珠制藥)或皮下注射重組人卵泡刺激素(recombinant human follicle stimulating hor-mone,rFSH,默克雪蘭諾,德國(guó)) 150~300IU/d ,根據(jù)個(gè)人情況(年齡、卵巢儲(chǔ)備和BMI)調(diào)整 Gn 劑量。在卵泡直徑達(dá)到 12mm 或血LH大于bLH水平時(shí)加用GnRH拮抗劑 0.25mg/c 并持續(xù)至人絨毛膜促性腺激素(human chorionic gonadotropin,hCG)扳機(jī)日。微刺激或卵泡期高孕激素狀態(tài)下促排卵(progestin-primedovarianstimulation,PPOS)方案:于月經(jīng)周期的第3天給予患者克羅米芬(clomiphene citrate,CC,法地蘭,高特制藥) 50mg/d 或醋酸甲羥孕酮(medroxyproges-terone acetate,MPA,浙江仙琚) 8mg/d 和 Gn150~ 225IU直至hCG注射日。期間根據(jù)卵泡的發(fā)育情況調(diào)整Gn劑量和 Gn 天數(shù)。當(dāng)出現(xiàn)3個(gè)卵泡直徑 ? 16mm ,或2個(gè)卵泡直徑 ?17mm ,或1個(gè)卵泡直徑 ? 18mm 時(shí),給予重組hCG(艾澤,默克雪蘭諾,德國(guó))250IU或 hCG 10 000IU 扳機(jī)。超短GnRH激動(dòng)劑方案:于月經(jīng)周期的第2天給予 0.05mgGnRH 激動(dòng)劑,連用3d,第3天開始同時(shí)給予150\~300IUGn至hCG注射日。扳機(jī)時(shí)機(jī)同微刺激方案。 36~37h 后經(jīng)陰道超聲引導(dǎo)下取卵,取卵后 3~4h 根據(jù)男方精液情況進(jìn)行IVF/ICSI8。取卵后第3天對(duì)卵裂期胚胎進(jìn)行評(píng)估,根據(jù)胚胎情況決定直接行玻璃化冷凍還是行囊胚培養(yǎng)后凍存。
1.2.3胚胎發(fā)育評(píng)估授精 16~18h 后,觀察有無(wú)原核,雙原核的為正常受精。第2天將胚胎發(fā)育速度正常、卵裂球均勻且碎片 lt;10% 的胚胎評(píng)為優(yōu)質(zhì)胚胎。第3天根據(jù)卵裂球的數(shù)量、大小、對(duì)稱性和碎片化程度將胚胎分為I\~V級(jí),其中I級(jí)和Ⅱ級(jí)為優(yōu)質(zhì)卵裂期胚胎[o。受精后第5\~6天的胚胎為囊胚,囊胚評(píng)分參照Gardner評(píng)分系統(tǒng)[]。將內(nèi)細(xì)胞團(tuán)多且結(jié)合緊密,滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞數(shù)量多且形成緊密排列的上皮細(xì)胞層的囊胚評(píng)為優(yōu)質(zhì)囊胚。
1.2.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法以bFSH為目標(biāo)自變量,優(yōu)胚數(shù)為因變量進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量數(shù)據(jù)用 表示,行獨(dú)立樣本 χt 檢驗(yàn);非正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量數(shù)據(jù)用中位數(shù)(四分位數(shù)) [M(P25,P75)] 表示,行Mann-Whiteny U 檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料用百分比表示,組間差異行 χ2 檢驗(yàn);使用單變量線性回歸模型評(píng)估bFSH與優(yōu)胚數(shù)之間的關(guān)聯(lián)。列出3種模型,采用多元回歸方程從不同角度驗(yàn)證bFSH與優(yōu)胚數(shù)之間的關(guān)系。根據(jù)在基本模型中引進(jìn)協(xié)變量或在完整模型中剔除協(xié)變量對(duì)bFSH回歸系數(shù)的影響 1gt;10% 的原則,最終篩選出女方年齡、男方年齡、不孕類型、BMI、bLH、AMH、AFC、COH方案和 Gn 天數(shù)這些混雜因素1。統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件包為R(http://www.R-project.org,the R Foundation)和Empower(R)(www.empowerstats.com,X and Y Solutions,Inc.Boston,MA,USA)。 Plt;0.05 為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1兩組患者基線特征不同bFSH組間女方年齡、男方年齡、不孕年限、不孕類型 男方精子濃度、前向精子活力、前向精子總數(shù)和 Gn 天數(shù)差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。與bFSH高水平組
相比,bFSH低水平組
患者BMI、AFC、AMH、Gn劑量、獲卵數(shù)、成熟卵母細(xì)胞數(shù)和優(yōu)胚數(shù)均顯著增高,bLH顯著降低(表1),表明bFSH高水平組患者卵巢儲(chǔ)備功能下降。
2.2與優(yōu)胚數(shù)相關(guān)的單因素分析單因素分析結(jié)果顯示女方年齡、男方年齡、不孕年限、bFSH和COH方案與優(yōu)胚數(shù)呈負(fù)相關(guān); bLH,AMH,AFC,Gn 天數(shù)、Gn劑量、扳機(jī)日 E2 扳機(jī)日 ?16mm 和 ?14mm 卵泡數(shù)、獲卵數(shù)、成熟卵母細(xì)胞數(shù)和正常受精卵子數(shù)與優(yōu)胚數(shù)呈正相關(guān);不孕類型、 .BMI..bE2 男方精子濃度、前向精子活力和前向精子總數(shù)與優(yōu)胚數(shù)無(wú)關(guān)(表 2)。2.3bFSH與優(yōu)胚數(shù)之間的關(guān)聯(lián)分析單變量線性回歸模型評(píng)估bFSH與優(yōu)胚數(shù)之間的關(guān)聯(lián),結(jié)果顯示了非調(diào)整模型和多元調(diào)整模型。在非調(diào)整模型中,bFSH與優(yōu)胚數(shù)呈負(fù)相關(guān) (β=-0.2 , 95% CI: -0.3\~-0.1,Plt;0.001 )。在微調(diào)整模型中(女方年齡調(diào)整后),結(jié)果無(wú)明顯變化 (β=-0.2 , 95% CI: -0.2\~-0.1, Plt;0.001? 。但在完全調(diào)整模型中(女方年齡、男方年齡、不孕類型、BMI、bLH、AMH、AFC、COH方案和 Gn 天數(shù)調(diào)整后)并未檢測(cè)到這種關(guān)聯(lián) (β=-0.1 , 95% CI: -0.2~-0.0 , P= 0.080)。將bFSH按臨床截點(diǎn) 10mIU/mL 作二分類處理,敏感分析顯示在非調(diào)整模型和多元調(diào)整模型中bFSH與優(yōu)胚數(shù)呈負(fù)相關(guān)(趨勢(shì) P=0.028 ,與 10mIU/mL 組相比,bFSH每增加 1mIU/mL ,優(yōu)胚數(shù)減少0.7個(gè)單位 (P=0.028) (表3)。
3討論
bFSH作為卵巢儲(chǔ)備標(biāo)志物被廣泛用于評(píng)估卵巢對(duì)COH的反應(yīng)以及預(yù)測(cè)IVF/ICSI治療后妊娠結(jié)局[13]。但bFSH水平升高在預(yù)測(cè)妊娠結(jié)局的準(zhǔn)確性有限,具有年齡特異性。在年輕女性中,bFSH水平升高僅反映卵巢儲(chǔ)備定量下降,而不是定性下降,說(shuō)明bFSH可能是卵巢儲(chǔ)備減少的晚期指標(biāo)[4]。將bFSH與 E2 聯(lián)合應(yīng)用于預(yù)測(cè)妊娠結(jié)局,在 的前提下, E2 正常組和高 E2 組的卵母細(xì)胞回收數(shù)與可利用胚胎數(shù)無(wú)差異,但是高 E2 組的臨床妊娠率和活產(chǎn)率呈下降趨勢(shì),說(shuō)明高bFSH和高 E2 均可損害胚胎質(zhì)量[15]。
本研究將bFSH按臨床截點(diǎn)分為兩組:bFSH低水平組 (lt;10mIU/mL) 和bFSH高水平組 。結(jié)果顯示BMI、AFC、AMH、 Gn 劑量與bFSH呈負(fù)相關(guān),bLH與bFSH呈正相關(guān),表明bFSH低水平組卵巢功能優(yōu)于bFSH高水平組,這與H.L.KHAN等的研究結(jié)果一致。該研究在調(diào)整可疑的混雜因素(年齡)后,隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng),bFSH水平呈上升趨勢(shì),AFC與AMH呈下降趨勢(shì),表明在40歲以下不孕女性中bFSH與AFC呈負(fù)相關(guān)。相同的結(jié)論也可見于諸多研究中[13,17-18]。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)bFSH低水平組獲卵數(shù)、成熟卵母細(xì)胞數(shù)和優(yōu)胚數(shù)均高于bFSH高水平組,表明bFSH與卵巢對(duì)超促排卵的藥物敏感性有關(guān),與胚胎發(fā)育有關(guān)。本研究單因素分析結(jié)果顯示bFSH與優(yōu)胚數(shù)密切相關(guān)。上述結(jié)果與H.ABDALLA[的研究相似,該研究將2057例患者的3401個(gè)連續(xù)的IVF/ICSI周期按照bFSH為 個(gè)臨床截點(diǎn)分成4組,同時(shí)按照年齡( ≤38 歲和 1gt;38 歲)將每組分成兩個(gè)亞組,研究bFSH與患者的妊娠率、活產(chǎn)率和胚胎質(zhì)量間的關(guān)聯(lián),結(jié)果顯示高bFSH組可利用胚胎數(shù)減少??赡軝C(jī)制為:低糖基化FSH(如FSH21)通過(guò)增強(qiáng)顆粒細(xì)胞與卵母細(xì)胞間的縫隙連接,促進(jìn)卵泡生長(zhǎng)和 E2 分泌,顯著改善卵母細(xì)胞成熟率和成熟卵母細(xì)胞質(zhì)量,進(jìn)而改善胚胎發(fā)育潛能[20]。
本研究中單變量線性回歸模型結(jié)果顯示bFSH與優(yōu)胚數(shù)呈負(fù)相關(guān)(趨勢(shì) P=0.028 ,與 組相比,bFSH每增加1個(gè)單位,優(yōu)胚數(shù)減少0.7個(gè)單位,表明bFSH與胚胎發(fā)育密切相關(guān)。最新研究[20]顯示,F(xiàn)SH21可能通過(guò)激活cAMP/PKA通路,促進(jìn)顆粒細(xì)胞增殖和卵母細(xì)胞減數(shù)分裂,顯著提高胚胎染色體穩(wěn)定性。此外,F(xiàn)SH可能通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)顆粒細(xì)胞分泌的miRNA(如miR-21、miR-155),影響胚胎早期基因(如OCT4、NANOG)的表達(dá)模式。
本研究存在一些不足之處:(1)研究人群是年齡30\~44歲的不孕女性患者,因此結(jié)果無(wú)法外推其他人群。(②)是單中心回顧性研究,存在入選偏倚,且樣本量相對(duì)較小,后期需納入多中心數(shù)據(jù),同時(shí)進(jìn)行前瞻性研究來(lái)驗(yàn)證結(jié)果。
綜上所述,在30\~44歲處于卵巢儲(chǔ)備功能下降的女性中,高bFSH與患者IVF/ICSI周期中優(yōu)胚數(shù)減少有關(guān)。臨床可以通過(guò)bFSH來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)患者潛在的生殖預(yù)后,以減少因低估而放棄治療或?qū)嵤┒鄠€(gè)無(wú)效的IVF/ICSI周期。
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*[基金項(xiàng)目]江蘇省衛(wèi)生健康委員會(huì)資助項(xiàng)目(F202051),南通市社會(huì)民生面上項(xiàng)目(MS2202219),南通市衛(wèi)生健康委員會(huì)資助項(xiàng)目(MS2023019)**[作者簡(jiǎn)介]顧小鈴,女,漢族,生于1988年2月,江蘇省啟東市人,碩士,研究方向;卵巢功能減退。***[通信作者]孫曉莉,博士,主任醫(yī)師,科主任,E-mail: zymsxl@126.com