燕山深處有一段鐵路,春天,列車和滿山遍野的鮮花總會在這里相約2。在這里,列車駛?cè)胍蛔倌昀险尽帻垬蜍囌?,在“人”字形鐵路3車頭變車尾后,再緩緩駛離。百年京張鐵路著名的“人”字線和京張高鐵在這里組成一個(gè)“大”字4,見證著中國鐵路翻天覆地的變化。
Deep in the Yanshan Mountains there is a section of railway. In spring, the line is bedecked with mountain flowers. Here, the train arrives at a centennial station—Qinglongqiao Station—and after the locomotive switches to the rear of the train on the V-shaped track, it takes its slow departure. Now a new track—Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed rail meets the V-shaped track here. Together they form a new Chinese character “大” (big), which is a testament to the earth-shaking development of China’s railways.
青龍橋車站始建于1908年,坐落在青山和長城懷抱之中。青灰色的古樸外墻,古老的油燈座、百葉窗,仍保留原貌,具有明顯的上世紀(jì)西洋風(fēng)格,而這座站房最出名的便是——“人”字形線路。
Construction work started on Qinglongqiao Station in 1908 under the shade of the green mountains and the Great Wall. Its darkish exterior wall of primitive simplicity, old lamp holders, and window shades still retain their original look, with obvious Western influences from the period.
“人”字形線路建成至今已有110年的歷史,最經(jīng)典的一段就在青龍橋。
The most classic section of the V-shaped tracks is at Qinglong Bridge.
青龍橋火車站站長楊存信介紹,八達(dá)嶺隧道長1091米,如果沒有“人”字形線路,距離要延長一倍。當(dāng)時(shí)由于經(jīng)費(fèi)有限,只使用了一個(gè)火車頭,上山的時(shí)候推進(jìn)運(yùn)行,下山的時(shí)候牽引運(yùn)行;新中國成立之后才改用兩個(gè)火車頭,前后牽引推進(jìn),這樣火車可以裝載更多的人員和貨物。但是以當(dāng)時(shí)的工程建筑水平,隧洞與“人”字形鐵路相結(jié)合,那真是令人嘆為觀止。
Yang Cunxin, manager of the station, told us that the length of the Badaling Tunnel would have doubled without the V-shaped tracks. At that time, due to limited funds, only one locomotive was used. The train was pushed uphill and dragged downhill. After the PRC was founded, two locomotives were used to propel and drag so the train could carry more passengers and cargo.
“人”字形鐵路站房旁便是詹天佑銅像,銅像下方鐫刻著“詹公天佑之象”。很多游客來到這里總有疑問:“‘象’字是不是寫錯(cuò)了?應(yīng)該是‘像’吧。”起先楊存信也納悶兒,為了搞清“像”“象”之別,他請教了很多學(xué)者,最終從詹天佑嫡孫詹同濟(jì)先生那里得到答案5。
Beside the station building is a bronze statue of Zhan Tianyou—a true copy of his likeness.
原來所用“象”字意為這尊紀(jì)念銅像沒有任何藝術(shù)加工,見像如見人,是代表詹公原貌的意思。而時(shí)至今日,世界第一條智能化高速鐵路——京張高鐵也在青龍橋站地下中心位置4米處穿越而過。新老兩條京張鐵路線也在青龍橋站實(shí)現(xiàn)了跨越百年的“握手”。
Now China’s first smart high speed rail—the Beijing-Zhangjiakou high-speed line—also passes through, 4 meters from the central position underneath Qinglongqiao Station. The new and old routes of the railway thus realize a “handshake” here that crosses one hundred years.
京張鐵路通車后,所有的列車在通過“人”字形線路時(shí),都要在青龍橋站做技術(shù)性???,車站每天要接送幾十對列車。新中國成立后,國家為避開京張鐵路青龍橋一段的大坡道,修建了豐沙線鐵路,特別是20世紀(jì)70年代豐沙二線建成通車后6,從京張鐵路分流走了大部分列車。
After the Beijing-Zhangjiakou line came in operation, all trains would make a technical stop at Qinglongqiao Station, and the station hosted dozens of trains every day. After the PRC was founded, in order to avoid the steep slope at the Qinglong Bridge section, the government built Fengtai-Shacheng Railway and its second phase, and then rebuilt it into a double-track railway in the 1970s. These diverted most of the trains from the old Beijing-Zhangjiakou line.
近年來,隨著列車的加大編組和提速,現(xiàn)從北京西客站開出的列車大都改走了豐沙線。青龍橋火車站全年的客流已從20世紀(jì)80年代的10多萬人減少到只有幾千人?!叭恕弊中尉€路也仍在使用中。
Nowadays, most trains leaving Beijingxi Railway Station take the Fengtai-Shacheng route. The annual passenger flow through Qinglongqiao Station has fallen from over 100,000 in the 1980s to only a few thousand, but the V-shaped track is still in use.
1 本文節(jié)選自《大國速度 百年京張》第一章第四節(jié),集中介紹了京張鐵路這條綿延200公里的線路上,八個(gè)獨(dú)具特色的站點(diǎn)風(fēng)貌,其中之一便是位于京張鐵路艱難路段的青龍橋車站。節(jié)選部分原文字?jǐn)?shù)為839,譯文詞數(shù)為384,其譯入語/源語長度比(TSLR)僅為0.46,明顯偏離TSLR的穩(wěn)定值0.80,說明譯者對原文內(nèi)容進(jìn)行了大段或頻繁的內(nèi)容省略或壓縮。另外,譯文中“軟文本”翻譯、增譯和符際翻譯等譯例也充分展現(xiàn)了譯者在翻譯過程中的主觀能動性和創(chuàng)造性。" 2 《百年京張》是非虛構(gòu)作品,仍時(shí)有文化、文學(xué)藝術(shù)和生活類等“軟文本”中常見的文學(xué)語言,比如節(jié)選部分的首段和第二段的第一句?!败浳谋尽钡姆g需要譯者基于原文,走心闡釋。比如,“春天,列車和滿山遍野的鮮花總會在這里相約”是富有詩意、極具美感的表達(dá)?;谠恼Z境和中文版第34頁上的配圖,想象春天的列車行駛在鮮花盛開的燕山深處,bedeck一詞便從心里這幅如美畫卷中躍然紙上。根據(jù)牛津在線學(xué)習(xí)詞典,bedeck義為“to decorate something/somebody with flowers, flags, precious stones, etc.”,常用于被動語態(tài),為文學(xué)用詞。此處譯文也許不是對原文的唯一闡釋,卻是一種貼切且易于理解的釋義。" 3 青龍橋車站的介紹文字共有8個(gè)自然段,期間共出現(xiàn)了3次“人”字形鐵路、5次“人”字形線路以及1次“人”字線,共計(jì)9處同義表達(dá),但譯者并未一一譯出,而是逐一分析,區(qū)別對待。其中,1處“人”字形鐵路、3處“人”字形線路和1處“人”字線皆譯為the V-shaped track(s);剩余2處“人”字形鐵路和2處“人”字形線路均因包含這些表達(dá)的句子本身或這些表達(dá)傳遞的信息在第一章前幾節(jié)或本章前文中以不同的語言形式表述多次而做了省譯處理。" 4 此處象形文字“大”用以指稱形象相似的鐵路,這種情況便涉及符際翻譯。當(dāng)語言形式也表達(dá)意義時(shí),可譯性往往受到限制,這就需要譯者發(fā)揮創(chuàng)造性精神。當(dāng)譯者在前文創(chuàng)造性地解決了另一象形文字——“人”字形鐵路的翻譯難題后(即譯為the V-shaped track),此處用增譯(a new Chinese character)+保留漢字“大”+意譯(big)的“組合拳”就順理成章了。
5 結(jié)合后一自然段的首句可知,與上文象形字“大”以字形來指代事物不同,解釋此處兩個(gè)漢字“像”與“象”差異的作用是為了突出詹天佑銅像能夠真實(shí)再現(xiàn)詹公之貌。因此,向目標(biāo)讀者解釋兩個(gè)漢字區(qū)別本身正如第一章第二節(jié)中向讀者闡明詹天佑字號蘊(yùn)含的深意一般,并非此處文本的主要功能。有鑒于此,王之光教授果敢建議對這部分內(nèi)容進(jìn)行省譯處理,該提議得到了英文編輯Ferguson先生的認(rèn)可與采納。" 6 翻譯需要譯者處處做個(gè)“有心人”,此處“豐沙二線建成”的翻譯便是一例。對比原文和譯文不難發(fā)現(xiàn),譯者并未直譯為“the newly built Fengtai-Shacheng Railway II”,而是增譯了“then rebuilt it into a double-track railway in the 1970s”,原因在于:根據(jù)豐沙線的歷史沿革,1963年初增建第二線即下行線,1972年豐沙線復(fù)線改建完成,復(fù)線鐵路即為雙線鐵路。