摘" " 要:【目的】探索一套適合新疆大果沙棗果實(shí)品質(zhì)的評(píng)價(jià)方法,為大果沙棗優(yōu)良品種選育及產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展提供科學(xué)理論依據(jù)?!痉椒ā恳?個(gè)大果沙棗新品種為試驗(yàn)材料,對(duì)30項(xiàng)果實(shí)品質(zhì)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行測(cè)定,并采用隸屬函數(shù)法、因子分析和主成分分析進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià)。【結(jié)果】6個(gè)新疆大果沙棗新品種30項(xiàng)果實(shí)品質(zhì)性狀各指標(biāo)變異系數(shù)在2.656%~97.165%。變異系數(shù)最大的是原花青素含量(97.165%),其次為鈣含量(67.785%),變異系數(shù)最小的為可食率(2.656%)。經(jīng)因子分析提取出3個(gè)特征值大于1的公因子,累積貢獻(xiàn)率達(dá)93.396%。第1主成分的貢獻(xiàn)率為40.728%,主要代表單果質(zhì)量及水分、總糖、粗纖維、單寧、總酚含量6項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的信息;第2主成分的貢獻(xiàn)率為38.214%,主要代表還原糖、多糖、總氨基酸、蛋白質(zhì)、總黃酮、全P和銅含量;第3主成分的貢獻(xiàn)率為14.454%,主要代表總酸和脂肪含量?!窘Y(jié)論】綜合評(píng)價(jià)得出紅玉得分最高,白沙甜次之;雅豐第3。研究結(jié)果為科學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)新疆大果沙棗果實(shí)品質(zhì)及推廣優(yōu)良品種提供理論依據(jù)。
關(guān)鍵詞:大果沙棗;品質(zhì)指標(biāo);因子分析
中圖分類號(hào):S665.1 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號(hào):1009-9980(2024)09-1800-11
Comprehensive evaluation of fruit quality traits of six new Elaeagnus moorcroftii varieties based on factor analysis
SHENG Wei1, LIU Qiaoling1, LIU Liyan2
(1Research Institute of Landscaping, Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China; 2Research Institute of Afforestation and Sand Control, Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China)
Abstract: 【Objective】 The purpose of this study is to provide a scientific basis for the breeding and industrial development of superior large-fruit jujube (Ziziphus jujuba) varieties in Xinjiang and to explore a suitable method for evaluating the fruit quality of large-fruit jujubes. 【Methods】 Six new large-fruit jujube varieties were used as experimental materials to measure 30 fruit quality indicators (individual fruit weight, flesh recovery, moisture content, soluble solids, total acid, total sugars, reducing sugars, glucose, fructose, starch, polysaccharides, total amino acids, vitamin C, protein, fat, crude fiber, tannin, total flavonoids, total phenols, proanthocyanidins, total alkaloids, ash, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu). Subordinate function method, factor analysis, and principal component analysis were used for comprehensive evaluation. 【Results】 The coefficient of variation for the 30 fruit quality traits of the six new Xinjiang large-fruit jujube varieties ranged from 2.656% to 97.165%. The highest variability was in proanthocyanidins (97.165%) and calcium (67.785%), indicating significant differences among varieties in these two components. The variation was less than 10% for moisture content, soluble solids, total sugars, reducing sugars, fructose, starch, polysaccharides, total alkaloids, and copper, indicating low dispersion and relatively consistency of these parameters among varieties. The smallest coefficient of variation was found in flesh recovery (2.656%). The 30 fruit quality traits showed varying degrees of positive and negative correlations. Among them, reducing sugars and total sugars had a very significant positive correlation; starch and individual fruit weight had a significant negative correlation; polysaccharides and total acids had a significant positive correlation; total amino acids had a significant negative correlation with moisture content and significant positive correlations with total acids, total sugars, and reducing sugars; proteins had a significant positive correlation with total acids, a very significant positive correlation with total amino acids, and a very significant negative correlation with moisture content; fat had a very significant negative correlation with polysaccharides; crude fiber had significant positive correlations with total acids and proteins, a very significant positive correlation with total amino acids, and a significant negative correlation with moisture content; tannins had significant negative correlations with reducing sugars, total amino acids, and proteins, and a very significant negative correlation with soluble solids; total flavonoids had a significant positive correlation with tannin; total phenols had significant negative correlations with soluble solids, total amino acids, and proteins, a significant positive correlation with total flavonoids, and a very significant positive correlation with tannins; proanthocyanidins had a significant positive correlation with total flavonoids, a very significant positive correlation with tannins and total phenols, and a significant negative correlation; potassium had significant positive correlations with soluble solids, total amino acids, and proteins, a very significant positive correlation with crude fiber, and a very significant negative correlation with moisture content; magnesium had significant positive correlations with total acids, total amino acids, proteins, and total phosphorus; manganese had a significant positive correlation with calcium; zinc had a very significant positive correlation with starch; copper had a very significant positive correlation with fat and a significant negative correlation with polysaccharides. In the comprehensive evaluation of jujube fruit quality, which is better as the sensory indicators, such as individual fruit weight, flesh recovery, moisture content, and nutritional indicators, such as total sugars, reducing sugars, glucose, fructose, starch, polysaccharides, total amino acids, vitamin C, proteins, fat, total flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, total alkaloids, ash, total phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, zinc, and copper become higher values and total acids, crude fiber, tannins, and total phenols become lower, the subordinate function method was used to standardize the data for factor analysis. Principal component analysis was employed to simplify the plethora of raw information into a few synthetic variables for comprehensive evaluation, and five common factors with eigenvalues greater than 1.0 were extracted through factor analysis, accounting for 10% of the cumulative contribution rate, representing the 30 fruit quality indicators of the six types of large-fruit jujube, which can be used as indicators for the comprehensive evaluation of the fruit quality. Within the first principal component (F1) synthesized from 16 indicators (moisture content, soluble solids, total acid, total sugars, reducing sugars, polysaccharides, total amino acids, protein, fat, crude cellulose, tannins, total phenols, total phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and copper), moisture content, fat, and copper had the greatest weight. The second principal component (F2) was synthesized from 7 indicators: individual fruit weight, fresh recovery rate, glucose, fructose, vitamin C, calcium, and iron, with individual fruit weight and fresh recovery having the greatest weight. The third principal component (F3) included 4 indicators: starch, total flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, and zinc, with starch and proanthocyanidins and weight having the greatest weight. 【Conclusion】 The results of the study show that the quality of large-fruit jujube can be comprehensively evaluated with a set of factors, including external sensory indicators and nutritional indicators. The use of subordinate function method and principal component analysis provides a systematic approach to the evaluation of fruit quality traits, allowing for the identification of superior varieties and the improvement of breeding programs. The study also highlights the importance of obtaining a wide range of quality traits, as they are interrelated and can affect the overall quality of the fruit. The findings can guide the selection of large-fruit jujube varieties with high fruit quality for consumers and the industry, and support the development of new varieties with better quality traits.
Key words: Elaeagnus moorcroftii; Quality index; Factor analysis
大果沙棗(Elaeagnus moorcroftii),又叫大沙棗、新疆大沙棗,胡頹子科胡頹子屬落葉小喬木或喬木,樹(shù)高可達(dá)10 m,濃郁的芳香氣味被稱為“飄香沙漠的桂花”,具有生長(zhǎng)快、抗風(fēng)沙、耐貧瘠、耐鹽堿等特點(diǎn),是西北地區(qū)防風(fēng)固沙、改良鹽堿地(沙地)以及四旁綠化的主要樹(shù)種[1-2]。沙棗枝、葉、花和果都具有較高的經(jīng)濟(jì)、生態(tài)、藥用和觀賞價(jià)值,開(kāi)發(fā)利用前景廣闊[3],目前主要用于食品、藥品、化妝品、造紙、飼草等方面。
果實(shí)品質(zhì)是影響果實(shí)價(jià)值的關(guān)鍵因素,而果實(shí)品質(zhì)性狀的評(píng)價(jià)是篩選林果優(yōu)良品種的重要依據(jù)。前人對(duì)沙棗單果質(zhì)量、果形指數(shù)及糖酸、黃酮、總糖含量等果實(shí)品質(zhì)方面已有較多報(bào)道[4-5],但有關(guān)大果沙棗果實(shí)品質(zhì)性狀評(píng)價(jià)報(bào)道較少,主要集中在組培育苗[6]、抗逆性[7-10]、栽培[11]、營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值[12]、藥用價(jià)值[13]及果實(shí)品質(zhì)(氨基酸、多糖、多酚)[14]等方面,不利于大果沙棗優(yōu)良品種的推廣應(yīng)用[15]。因此,高產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)的新品種果實(shí)品質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)也是沙棗產(chǎn)業(yè)化發(fā)展中急切解決的問(wèn)題。傳統(tǒng)的感官評(píng)定[16]、方差分析[17]等方法仍不夠全面,基于此,筆者在采用隸屬函數(shù)法統(tǒng)一數(shù)量綱的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合因子分析進(jìn)行果實(shí)品質(zhì)的綜合評(píng)價(jià),以期為科學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)果實(shí)品質(zhì)及推廣優(yōu)良大果沙棗品種提供理論依據(jù)。
1 材料和方法
1.1 試驗(yàn)材料
2022年,國(guó)家林業(yè)和草原局第一批授予大果沙棗植物新品種權(quán)6個(gè),包括雅豐、金莎、紅鈴、金皇后、白沙甜和紅玉。于果實(shí)成熟期果樹(shù)不同方位采集1 kg果實(shí),單株果實(shí)為一個(gè)試驗(yàn),3次重復(fù),當(dāng)天完成果實(shí)外觀等相關(guān)指標(biāo)的測(cè)定后于-80 ℃超低溫保存?zhèn)溆谩?/p>
1.2 測(cè)定項(xiàng)目及方法
用電子臺(tái)秤測(cè)定單果質(zhì)量[18];參照GB 5009.3—2016測(cè)定水分含量[19];參照NY/T 2637—2014測(cè)定可溶性固形物含量[20];參照GB/T 12456—2021測(cè)定總酸含量[21];參照惠秋沙[19]、武平等[22]的方法測(cè)定總糖含量;參照NY/T 2742—2015測(cè)定還原糖含量[23];參照GB 5009.8—2023測(cè)定果糖和葡萄糖含量[24];參照食品中淀粉的測(cè)定GB 5009.9—2016第一法酶水解法測(cè)定淀粉含量[25];參照QB/T 5176—2017測(cè)定多糖含量[26];參照GB/T 5009 124—2016測(cè)定氨基酸含量[27];參照GB 5009.86—2016測(cè)定維生素C含量[28];參照GB 5009.5—2016測(cè)定蛋白質(zhì)含量[29];參照GB 5009.6—2016測(cè)定脂肪含量[30];參照GB/T 5009.10—2003測(cè)定粗纖維含量[31];參照NY/T 1600—2008測(cè)定單寧含量[32];參照王振江等[33]、韓志萍[34]的方法測(cè)定黃酮含量;參照王振江等[33]、閆祝煒等[35]的方法測(cè)定總酚含量;參照DB12/T 885—2019測(cè)定原花青素含量[36];參照蒲俊松[37]的方法測(cè)定總生物堿含量;參照GB/T 5009.4—2016測(cè)定灰分含量[38];參照GB 5009.87—2016測(cè)定全磷含量[39];參照GB 5009.91—2017[40]、GB 5009.241—2017[41]、GB 5009.13—2017[42]、GB 5009.14—2017[43]、GB 5009.242—2017[44]、GB 5009.268—2016[45]分別測(cè)定礦物質(zhì)元素鉀、鎂、銅、鋅、錳、鐵和鈣的含量。
1.3 數(shù)據(jù)處理
使用Excel2013軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行整理,使用SPSS19.0軟件進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析[46]和因子分析[47]。對(duì)因子分析的原始數(shù)據(jù)采用隸屬函數(shù)法進(jìn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化處理,將數(shù)據(jù)規(guī)范至[0,1]。
2 結(jié)果與分析
2.1 果實(shí)品質(zhì)分析
雅豐、金莎、紅鈴、金皇后、白沙甜、紅玉6個(gè)品種的30項(xiàng)果實(shí)品質(zhì)指標(biāo)見(jiàn)表1。從各指標(biāo)變異程度來(lái)看,6個(gè)品種果實(shí)品質(zhì)性狀變異系數(shù)為2.656%~97.165%,變異系數(shù)最大的是原花青素含量(97.165%),其次為鈣含量(67.785%),說(shuō)明原花青素和鈣含量在各品種間差異較大;可溶性固形物、總糖、還原糖、果糖、淀粉、多糖、總生物堿和銅含量變異程度較小,小于10%,說(shuō)明其離散程度較低,各品種間取值分布較為一致,其中,可食率變異系數(shù)僅為2.656%。
2.2 不同果實(shí)品質(zhì)指標(biāo)的相關(guān)性分析
對(duì)大果沙棗30項(xiàng)不同果實(shí)品質(zhì)性狀指標(biāo)進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析,從表2可知,30項(xiàng)果實(shí)品質(zhì)指標(biāo)間表現(xiàn)出不同程度的正相關(guān)性和負(fù)相關(guān)性。其中,還原糖含量與總糖含量呈極顯著正相關(guān);淀粉含量與單果質(zhì)量呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān);多糖含量與總酸含量呈顯著正相關(guān);總氨基酸含量與水分含量呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),與總酸、總糖和還原糖含量呈顯著正相關(guān);蛋白質(zhì)含量與總酸含量呈顯著正相關(guān),與總氨基酸含量呈極顯著正相關(guān),與水分含量呈極顯著負(fù)相關(guān);脂肪含量與多糖含量呈極顯著負(fù)相關(guān);粗纖維含量與總酸和蛋白質(zhì)含量呈顯著正相關(guān),與總氨基酸含量呈極顯著正相關(guān),與水分含量呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān);單寧含量與還原糖、總氨基酸和蛋白質(zhì)含量呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),與可溶性固形物含量呈極顯著負(fù)相關(guān);總黃酮含量與單寧含量呈顯著正相關(guān);總酚含量與可溶性固形物、總氨基酸和蛋白質(zhì)含量呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),與總黃酮含量呈顯著正相關(guān),與單寧含量呈極顯著正相關(guān);原花青素含量與總黃酮含量呈顯著正相關(guān);灰分含量與單果質(zhì)量呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān);全P含量與總酸、總糖、還原糖和粗纖維含量呈顯著正相關(guān),與總氨基酸和蛋白質(zhì)含量呈極顯著正相關(guān),與單寧和總酚含量呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān);鉀含量與可溶性固形物、總氨基酸和蛋白質(zhì)含量呈顯著正相關(guān),與粗纖維含量呈極顯著正相關(guān),與水分含量呈極顯著負(fù)相關(guān);鎂含量與總酸、總氨基酸、蛋白質(zhì)和全P含量呈顯著正相關(guān);錳含量與鈣含量呈顯著正相關(guān);鋅含量與淀粉含量呈極顯著正相關(guān);銅含量與脂肪含量呈極顯著正相關(guān),與多糖含量呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)。以上分析結(jié)果表明,沙棗品種的各項(xiàng)品質(zhì)指標(biāo)間存在一定的相關(guān)性,并非完全獨(dú)立,且有些指標(biāo)高度相關(guān)。因此,可以對(duì)這些高度相關(guān)的指標(biāo)進(jìn)行篩選,從而簡(jiǎn)化果實(shí)品質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系。此外,表中顯示單果質(zhì)量與淀粉和灰分含量呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān);水分含量與總氨基酸和粗纖維含量呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān),與蛋白質(zhì)和總K含量呈極顯著負(fù)相關(guān),這表明外部感官品質(zhì)與內(nèi)在品質(zhì)間也存在著一定的關(guān)聯(lián)性。
2.3 果實(shí)品質(zhì)的因子分析
依據(jù)以上分析結(jié)果,剔除變異程度小于5%和相關(guān)性較低的14項(xiàng)果實(shí)品質(zhì)指標(biāo):可食率及可溶性固形物、淀粉、果糖、葡萄糖、維生素C、原花青素、總生物堿、灰分、鉀、鎂、鐵、錳和鋅含量,對(duì)其余16項(xiàng)果實(shí)品質(zhì)指標(biāo)采用隸屬函數(shù)法進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化,見(jiàn)表3。
為了將大量冗雜的原始信息簡(jiǎn)化為少數(shù)綜合變量,采用主成分分析——利用少數(shù)綜合指標(biāo)來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)原始信息的綜合評(píng)價(jià)方法[20]對(duì)本文數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析評(píng)價(jià)。以特征值>1.0為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提取主成分,3個(gè)主成分的特征值>1.0。表4統(tǒng)計(jì)了3個(gè)主成分的載荷值、特征值和貢獻(xiàn)率,其累積貢獻(xiàn)率達(dá)93.396%,代表了6種大果沙棗的16項(xiàng)果實(shí)品質(zhì)指標(biāo),可以作為綜合評(píng)價(jià)大果沙棗果實(shí)品質(zhì)的指標(biāo)。
主成分載荷矩陣經(jīng)5次迭代后的旋轉(zhuǎn)因子載荷值見(jiàn)表4。由此可知,第1主成分的貢獻(xiàn)率為40.728%,主要代表單果質(zhì)量及水分、總糖、粗纖維素、單寧、總酚含量6項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的信息。第2主成分的貢獻(xiàn)率為38.214%,主要代表還原糖、多糖、總氨基酸、蛋白質(zhì)、總黃酮、全P和Cu含量。第3主成分的貢獻(xiàn)率為14.454%,主要代表總酸和脂肪含量。
2.4 各主成分綜合得分
將各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的載荷值除以相應(yīng)主成分的特征值即可得到得分矩陣(略),再將得分矩陣中的載荷值開(kāi)算術(shù)平方根即可作為每個(gè)指標(biāo)的載荷系數(shù),將得分矩陣同經(jīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化轉(zhuǎn)化的數(shù)據(jù)相乘,即可得到各主成分的算術(shù)表達(dá)式:
F1=0.337Zx1-0.212Zx2+0.304Zx3+0.266Zx4+0.203Zx5+0.368Zx6+0.262Zx7-0.201Zx8-0.343Zx9+0.285Zx10-0.122Zx11+0.030Zx12-0.062Zx13+0.266Zx14-0.063Zx15-0.315Zx16;
F2=0.347Zx1-0.219Zx2+0.314Zx3+0.275Zx4+0.209Zx5+0.380Zx6+0.270Zx7+0.207Zx8-0.354Zx9+0.294Zx10-0.126Zx11+0.031Zx12-0.064Zx13+0.274Zx14-0.065Zx15-0.326Zx16;
F3=-0.096Zx1-0.483Zx2+0.329Zx3+0.256Zx4+0.372Zx5+0.171Zx6+0.469Zx7+0.563Zx8-0.151Zx9+0.386Zx10-0.581Zx11-0.619Zx12-0.641Zx13+0.466Zx14+0.043Zx15-0.188Zx16。
用特征值除以所有主成分特征值之和,可以計(jì)算出綜合評(píng)價(jià)函數(shù)F=0.436F1+0.409F2+0.155F3。
綜合來(lái)看,大果沙棗的綜合評(píng)價(jià)得分范圍為
-0.297~1.407。果實(shí)品質(zhì)指標(biāo)排名位列前3的品種分別為紅玉、白沙甜和雅豐,綜合得分分別為1.407、1.299、0.766。其中紅玉果實(shí)在F1和F2排名均居第1,而在F3上排名第3;白沙甜果實(shí)在F1和F2上排名均居第2,F(xiàn)3排在第1,綜合得分排序?yàn)榈?;雅豐果實(shí)的F1、F2排在第3,F(xiàn)3排在第2,綜合得分排序?yàn)榈?(表5)。
3 討 論
果實(shí)品質(zhì)是決定大果沙棗品種選育和市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的關(guān)鍵,筆者在本研究中對(duì)6個(gè)品種30項(xiàng)果實(shí)品質(zhì)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了測(cè)定,各指標(biāo)變異系數(shù)在2.656%~97.165%。變異系數(shù)最大的是原花青素含量(97.165%),變異系數(shù)最小的為可食率(2.656%)。徐金等[48]研究表明,48個(gè)沙棗品種的品質(zhì)指標(biāo)中,維生素C含量變異系數(shù)最大,為35.1%。筆者在本研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)大果沙棗維生素C含量的變異系數(shù)為23.701%,較前人的研究偏低,可能與沙棗品種材料較少有關(guān),在今后果實(shí)品質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)中可增大群體數(shù)量。
因果實(shí)品質(zhì)指標(biāo)單位的不一致,在進(jìn)行因子分析前需進(jìn)行指標(biāo)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化處理[49],筆者在本研究中采用隸屬函數(shù)法和因子分析對(duì)6個(gè)大果沙棗品種(系)16項(xiàng)果實(shí)品質(zhì)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià)。結(jié)果表明,排名前3位的分別是紅玉、白沙甜和雅豐。常用的果實(shí)評(píng)價(jià)方法,主要采用感官評(píng)價(jià)[50]、方差分析[51]等,受主觀性、多因素性等要素制約,評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果具有片面性及不確定性。近些年,在選擇果實(shí)品質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)方法上,越來(lái)越傾向于主成分分析[52-53],主成分分析是將多個(gè)指標(biāo)通過(guò)線性變換選出較少的綜合因子來(lái)代表眾多的因子[54],已被廣泛應(yīng)用于多種園藝作物品質(zhì)的綜合評(píng)價(jià)[51],目前此法已在釀酒葡萄[55]、枸杞[56]、梨[57]等資源評(píng)價(jià)上得以廣泛運(yùn)用。筆者在本研究中剔除變異程度小于5%和相關(guān)性較低的果實(shí)品質(zhì)指標(biāo),通過(guò)因子分析、主成分分析將原有的多個(gè)指標(biāo),簡(jiǎn)化為代表不同果品性狀表現(xiàn)的3個(gè)主成分,包括16個(gè)大果沙棗果實(shí)品質(zhì)指標(biāo),累積方差貢獻(xiàn)率達(dá)93.396%,由此可見(jiàn),3個(gè)主成分更有利于全面把握各個(gè)品種的綜合指標(biāo)性狀,排名得分結(jié)果更為客觀合理。不同分析方法,對(duì)果樹(shù)果實(shí)品質(zhì)計(jì)算方法和評(píng)價(jià)側(cè)重點(diǎn)各有所不同,在今后的大果沙棗品種果實(shí)評(píng)價(jià)工作中,可采用聚類分析法、主成分分析等多種方法相互結(jié)合和驗(yàn)證進(jìn)行果實(shí)品質(zhì)的綜合評(píng)價(jià),進(jìn)而獲得更加準(zhǔn)確的結(jié)論。除此之外,品種的抗逆性、耐貯性、豐產(chǎn)性等方面的因素對(duì)大果沙棗品種的綜合評(píng)價(jià)也十分重要,所以優(yōu)良品種的篩選應(yīng)在果實(shí)品質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合其他農(nóng)藝性狀進(jìn)行科學(xué)評(píng)價(jià),從而篩選出適宜新疆種植推廣的優(yōu)良品種。
4 結(jié) 論
通過(guò)對(duì)6個(gè)大果沙棗新品種30項(xiàng)果實(shí)品質(zhì)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行測(cè)定,采用相關(guān)性分析和因子分析進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià),提取到3個(gè)主成分,主要代表單果質(zhì)量及水分、總糖、粗纖維、單寧、總酚、還原糖、多糖、總氨基酸、蛋白質(zhì)、總黃酮、全P、銅、總酸、脂肪含量共16個(gè)指標(biāo),累積貢獻(xiàn)率可達(dá)93.396%。對(duì)大果沙棗品種果實(shí)綜合品質(zhì)的優(yōu)劣進(jìn)行綜合得分排序,紅玉的果實(shí)綜合品質(zhì)排名最高,其次為白沙甜,雅豐第3。研究結(jié)果為新疆大果沙棗優(yōu)良品種的選育和推廣應(yīng)用提供了參考依據(jù)。
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基金項(xiàng)目:新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)“三農(nóng)”骨干人才培養(yǎng)項(xiàng)目(2022SNGGGCCO30);新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)公益性科研院所基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)(KY2020025)
作者簡(jiǎn)介:盛瑋,男,高級(jí)工程師,主要從事大果沙棗的引種、栽培、繁育等方面的研究。E-mail:17626962@qq.com