【摘要】語音、詞匯、語法是學(xué)習(xí)英語的三大要素,從高中英語語法教學(xué)來看,一直存在一些問題?;诖耍疚姆治隽苏Z法教學(xué)的特點(diǎn),并以此為基礎(chǔ),探討情景教學(xué)法在高中英語語法教學(xué)中的具體應(yīng)用方式。
【關(guān)鍵詞】情景教學(xué)法;高中英語;語法教學(xué);實(shí)踐;探索
【作者簡介】孫凌宇(1981.7.12- ),女,上海人,上海市同濟(jì)大學(xué)第一附屬中學(xué),碩士,中教一級,研究方向:高中英語教學(xué)。
情景教學(xué)法有著悠久的歷史,誕生于上世紀(jì)20年代,相較于傳統(tǒng)教學(xué)法,情景教學(xué)法強(qiáng)調(diào)為學(xué)生的英語學(xué)習(xí)創(chuàng)設(shè)情景、搭建支架,讓學(xué)生能夠在特定的情景中吸收、內(nèi)化知識,讓英語知識的掌握變得更加牢固,從短期記憶轉(zhuǎn)化為長期記憶。研究顯示,情景教學(xué)法的應(yīng)用可以顯著提高學(xué)生的主觀能動(dòng)性和課堂參與度,有助于幫助學(xué)生養(yǎng)成良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣,提高他們的綜合能力與學(xué)習(xí)成績,打造出高效的教學(xué)課堂。
一、精心預(yù)設(shè)內(nèi)容,選擇教學(xué)重點(diǎn)
英語語法的教學(xué)內(nèi)容具有可調(diào)節(jié)性的特征,在授課時(shí),要靈活增減,有效激活教材中的語法知識,在重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)把控上,要以學(xué)生實(shí)際作為出發(fā)點(diǎn),精心預(yù)設(shè)語法教學(xué)內(nèi)容,讓枯燥語法知識不再乏味,學(xué)生愿意饒有興趣的參與進(jìn)來,只有這樣,才能讓語法教學(xué)做到游刃有余,提高學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)質(zhì)量。
案例1:Read a dialogue
在牛津教材高二上Unit4語法教學(xué)部分其中一個(gè)課時(shí)中,筆者將“Only引導(dǎo)的部分倒裝句”作為教學(xué)重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。這個(gè)知識點(diǎn)對于學(xué)生而言,屬于全新的語法結(jié)構(gòu),難度較高,為此,在教學(xué)時(shí),我先利用Sam與Pauline之間的對話分析了空氣污染的問題與原因,將語法知識放置在特定的語境中,讓學(xué)生自己來感知。
Sam: Morning, Pauline. Do you get cold? You’re wearing a mask today.
Pauline: (Smile). No, it’s foggy outside and the mask is for protection against the fog.
Sam: Do you think it’ll work?
Pauline: Sure, only in this way will I feel safer enough.
Sam: I hear our government has put a lot of efforts into air pollution control and so far much process has been made.
Pauline: You’re right, but that’s far from enough. Many small enterprises are out of control and they are still making our air dirty. Only when all the enterprises become environmentally responsible can we see our clear blue sky again.
Sam: I totally agree with you there. Besides, the soaring number of cars is also the major contributing factor leading to air pollution, due to the heavy carbon emission from the cars.
Pauline: Exactly. I hope more green electric cars can be put into market as soon as possible. Only then can the air quality be improved. But before that, I do recommend you have a 3M mask like mine.
Sam: OK. I’ll follow you.
隨后,我用PPT播放了關(guān)于空氣污染的治理措施,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生思考和討論,鼓勵(lì)他們提出自己的建議,并用only倒裝句來表達(dá)出來,在應(yīng)用的過程中做到理解和應(yīng)用。通過這個(gè)步驟,學(xué)生明白了,在“Only + 副詞/介詞短語/狀語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)置于句首時(shí),句子要用部分倒裝, 部分倒裝的方式是提前部分+助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語。
二、突出生活特征,促使學(xué)生主動(dòng)融入
“生活是取之不盡、用之不竭的語言源泉”,如果教師能夠在生活中挖掘出適宜的語法情景,便能夠讓學(xué)生踴躍參與到語言的運(yùn)用中。同時(shí),為了讓語法教學(xué)活動(dòng)變得趣味、生動(dòng),在情景的創(chuàng)設(shè)上,要突出生活性的特征,以學(xué)生的生活實(shí)際來出發(fā),找到最近發(fā)展區(qū),讓學(xué)生在生活化的情景中開展語言實(shí)踐活動(dòng),達(dá)到鞏固語法知識的目的。實(shí)踐證實(shí),對于自己聽聞、參與過的事物,學(xué)生往往都具有濃厚的興趣,這比起所謂高大上的情景,教學(xué)成效更為理想。
依然以“Only引導(dǎo)的部分倒裝句”知識點(diǎn)的講解為例,在學(xué)生理解基本的知識點(diǎn)后,我為他們進(jìn)一步創(chuàng)設(shè)了“保護(hù)視力”的情景,這個(gè)情景是學(xué)生日常生活中非常熟悉的話題,通過圖片的幫助,大家互相分享視力保護(hù)小技巧,鞏固Only引導(dǎo)部分倒裝句的把握與應(yīng)用。
案例2:Decipher the pictures
【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】
Students are free to use any of the 3 basic “only” structures to make sentences by reading the given pictures shown to make good habits of eyes hygiene.
【活動(dòng)步驟】
Step 1 : The teacher shows one picture of a boy and explains how diligent he is and how less attention is paid to his own eyes, so he is heavily short-sighted now and it’s quite inconvenient to have such a pair of glasses on.
Step 2: Students are shown 4 pictures to help the boy improve his awareness of eyes health.
Step 3: Students are asked to use either of the 3 basic “only” structures to make a sentence accordingly.
Step 4: The teacher make a simple sample sentence for the students as a reference.
Only by seeing in the distance at intervals can the boy’s eyes rest for a while, so that he cannot overuse his eyes.
Possible answers:
1. We should exercise our eyes attentively at school. Only in this way can we ensure enough rest for our eyes.
2. Only by staying away from the cellphone can we put our eyes health into the first place.
3. Running makes a good habit but it takes time and efforts. We should persist and never give up. Only then can we be rewarded with good healthy body, including our eyes.
(if possible, the students can make more suggestions)
三、創(chuàng)設(shè)討論情景,強(qiáng)化學(xué)習(xí)互動(dòng)
“教學(xué)過程是師生交往、共同發(fā)展的相互過程,教師應(yīng)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生在體驗(yàn)、實(shí)踐、參與、探究、合作中掌握語言知識與技能,形成自主學(xué)習(xí)的能力和有效的學(xué)習(xí)策略”。小組學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)的開展適應(yīng)了社會(huì)的發(fā)展需求,為學(xué)生提供了平等的交流情景,學(xué)生可以懷著一顆包容、開放、理解的心,漸漸走在一起,相互學(xué)習(xí)、互幫互助、共同發(fā)展。為了發(fā)揮出討論情景在教學(xué)中的作用,作為教師,要從分組、教學(xué)方法制定、教學(xué)內(nèi)容選擇、教學(xué)評估等多個(gè)方面著手,關(guān)注學(xué)生的需求和興趣,從多個(gè)角度優(yōu)化小組學(xué)習(xí)的質(zhì)量。在小組活動(dòng)的開展過程中,教師不能放任自流,而是要發(fā)揮出調(diào)節(jié)者、監(jiān)控者的角色,通過參與討論、巡視合作、觀察活動(dòng)的方式來進(jìn)行有效管理。在小組活動(dòng)中,學(xué)生往往會(huì)出現(xiàn)一些錯(cuò)誤理解,教師要用心聆聽,幫助他們糾正錯(cuò)誤,避免無效討論。
案例3:Make a dialogue
【學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)】
Students are expected to make a diaolgue freely by using the 3 above key words and applying the 3 basic “only” structure in the dialogue.
【活動(dòng)步驟】
Step 1: The teacher shows students a number of keywords that belong to a perfect character. They are : self-confident, persistant, warm-hearted, serious, organized and ballanced.
Step 2: The teacher asks the students to single out any 3 key words from above and make a short dialoque. The teacher may hint the students to use any property of the given word, such as self-confidence, seriously, etc.
Step 3:The teacher demonstrates with examples.
A: Hi, . Haven’t seen you for a while. What’s been up with you recently?
B:Well, I’ve been studying the perfect character, which can lead to a successful life.
A: I’m listening.
B: Some experts say only when you are very confident can you be more willing to face more tough challenges and thus become more successful.
A: I beg to differ. My option is that only by doing everything seriously can you see more details, which is one of the most important factors in success.
B: In fact, I think success relies on balancing myself. Only in this way can you feel satisfied in every aspect.
A: Well, I think we have to agree to disagree.
Step 4:?The teacher groups the students, then asks them to work in groups and make a dialogue accordingly.
Step 5:?The teacher asks several groups to present their dialogue.
四、結(jié)語
在高中英語教學(xué)中,語法占據(jù)著至關(guān)重要的作用,需要予以高度重視。本文提出的情景教學(xué)法,為高中英語語法教學(xué)活動(dòng)的開展提供了一些思路,當(dāng)然,情景的設(shè)計(jì)還有多種方式,在日常教學(xué)中,我們要潛心研究,為學(xué)生提供展示自我的空間,讓語法教學(xué)做到寓教于樂。
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