2024年第10期《中國眼鏡科技雜志》的依視路專欄介紹了循證醫(yī)學在近視防控領域的應用,重點講解了不同類型證據(jù)的質量及其說服力。其中,設計嚴謹、符合倫理規(guī)范的前瞻性隨機對照試驗被認為是證據(jù)等級較高、具有說服力的臨床研究類型。
循證醫(yī)學的核心,在于通過高質量的臨床證據(jù),客觀評估醫(yī)療產(chǎn)品或醫(yī)療干預措施的有效性與安全性。對于近視防控鏡片而言,其減緩近視進展的效果,不應僅依賴于廠商宣傳、個體經(jīng)驗或主觀判斷,而必須基于科學、系統(tǒng)的證據(jù)加以驗證。具體而言,一項合格的臨床研究證據(jù),通常應滿足——研究設計科學合理,能夠控制偏倚并提供可靠推斷;樣本數(shù)量充足,數(shù)據(jù)收集嚴謹且結果統(tǒng)計顯著;研究過程符合倫理要求,且研究結論具備可重復性與推廣價值等條件。本期將從循證醫(yī)學的角度,以星趣控?近視防控鏡片的相關臨床效果數(shù)據(jù)為例,探討其在實際應用中的效果。
星趣控?鏡片在正式上市前,已完成為期24個月的臨床試驗。試驗結果顯示,當兒童青少年每日配戴星趣控?鏡片時間不少于12小時,其近視控制的平均有效性可達到67%[1](即等效屈光度延緩0.99D),眼軸延緩的有效性亦達到60%[2]。
臨床研究還同步評估了配戴者的主觀體驗與鏡片適應性。數(shù)據(jù)顯示,90%的受試兒童在3天內(nèi)可完全適應該鏡片,100%的兒童青少年在1周內(nèi)實現(xiàn)完全適應;同時,94%的兒童青少年表示配戴過程中感到舒適[3]。
另外,經(jīng)過兩年的跟蹤觀察,90%長期配戴星趣控?鏡片的兒童青少年,其眼球生長速度與非近視兒童相似,甚至更為緩慢[4]。
在對比不同品牌的離焦鏡片或其他近視控制手段的效果時,須采用統(tǒng)一且科學的標準,可以從以下維度進行分析:
不同隨訪周期的數(shù)據(jù)在可比性上存在顯著差異,尤其不能將短期數(shù)據(jù)等同于長期控制效果。美國強生視覺研究團隊與休斯敦大學的研究發(fā)現(xiàn):部分近視干預產(chǎn)品在使用6個月時的控制效果可達33%~217%,但至第12個月時,效果會迅速下降至24%~60%。如果僅憑短期數(shù)據(jù)做出產(chǎn)品評價,極易造成誤導。
英國伯明翰阿斯頓大學的研究也指出:盡管某些鏡片在第一年呈現(xiàn)良好控制效果,但第二年往往難以維持,甚至出現(xiàn)效果回落。由此可見,基于一年期數(shù)據(jù)的評估可能無法反映出產(chǎn)品的真實長期有效性,反而可能引導視光從業(yè)者做出偏離患者真實需求的干預決策。因此,對于近視防控產(chǎn)品的療效評價,至少應依托于兩年以上的臨床跟蹤數(shù)據(jù)。
當前行業(yè)中對于鏡片控制效果的表述方式繁多,如“有效性”“有效率”“絕對值”等,若不加區(qū)分,極易造成解讀上的混淆。建議以“近視進展的延緩絕對值”或“實驗組與對照組的直接對比數(shù)據(jù)”為基礎,進行橫向對比分析,才能減少數(shù)據(jù)轉換的誤差,增強對比的科學性與說服力。
根據(jù)相關文獻(圖1),可知配戴HAL鏡片(星趣控?鏡片)和單光鏡片相比,在散光變化方面無統(tǒng)計學差異。這表明,星趣控?鏡片在控制近視發(fā)展的同時,不會導致散光加深。
2024年,星趣控?鏡片發(fā)布了為期五年的臨床觀察數(shù)據(jù)。在五年隨訪期間,配戴星趣控?鏡片的兒童平均近視進展延緩1.75D,眼軸增長延緩0.72mm[5]。這相當于延緩了配戴單光眼鏡三年所產(chǎn)生的近視進展水平。這一研究結果進一步證實了其在長期使用過程中的近視控制效果,而且對于大齡兒童群體同樣表現(xiàn)出良好療效。
除傳統(tǒng)對照研究外,星趣控?還進行了隨機雙盲交叉臨床試驗,進一步驗證其療效的穩(wěn)定性與安全性。該試驗在越南進行,研究對象為119名7~13歲的兒童,分別被隨機分配至HAL組(星趣控?鏡片)和SVL組(單光鏡片)。
試驗設計為交叉配戴:前6個月配戴原分組鏡片,后6個月交換配戴。試驗結果顯示:12個月后,與單光鏡片相比,星趣控?鏡片在延緩眼軸增長和近視進展方面效果顯著;更為重要的是,從星趣控?鏡片更換為單光鏡片后,未出現(xiàn)近視進展的反彈效應[6]。
2024年,平光星趣控?鏡片在中國低度遠視兒童群體中的應用研究亦取得重要進展。在實驗中,陳志教授團隊發(fā)現(xiàn),在中國低度遠視的兒童群體中,針對低度遠視儲備的孩子,配戴依視路星趣控?平光鏡片每周超過30小時者,其眼軸增長得到了有效延緩[7]。該研究發(fā)表于國際權威眼科期刊American Journal of Ophthalmology(IF 4.1),為星趣控?鏡片在更廣泛屈光狀態(tài)中的應用提供了科學依據(jù)。
近年來,隨著星趣控?鏡片在臨床實踐中的廣泛應用,多項研究如火如荼,為其效果提供更多維度的實證支持。如廣州愛爾眼科醫(yī)院團隊發(fā)表于Nature.com Scientific Reports(2023)的文章《對比高非球微透鏡鏡片與多區(qū)正向光學離焦鏡片的近視控制效果 Comparing the effects of highly aspherical lenslets versus defocus incorporated multiple segment spectacle lenses on myopia control》對比了高非球微透鏡鏡片(星趣控?)與多區(qū)正向光學離焦鏡片的近視控制效果,凸顯了星趣控?鏡片在控制屈
光變化方面的優(yōu)勢。此外,在《小角度間歇性外斜視伴近視患者使用不同類型鏡片控制近視及斜視的作用》的研究中可知,配戴星趣控?鏡片組在控制眼軸增長和改善斜視角度方面表現(xiàn)優(yōu)于OK鏡和單光鏡片組,并有效改善立體視覺和正融性集合功能。
這些研究拓展了星趣控?鏡片在不同人群中的適用范圍,也豐富了其在臨床應用中的證據(jù)基礎。
近視防控是一項科學性強且對社會責任要求極高的工作,在當前市場產(chǎn)品多元、信息繁雜的背景下,從業(yè)者需要堅持循證醫(yī)學的原則,以真實、可靠的數(shù)據(jù)為依據(jù),制定符合個體需求的干預方案,保障兒童青少年的視力健康。
依視路陸遜梯卡集團始終以高度的社會責任感為導向,致力于推動基于科學證據(jù)的產(chǎn)品研發(fā)與眼健康服務模式創(chuàng)新。未來,希望與業(yè)界同仁攜手并進,為構建全生命周期眼健康管理體系、守護下一代的清晰視界共同努力。
參考文獻
[1]" SER, spherical equivalent refraction.
*Two-year prospective, controlled, randomized, double-masked clinical trial results on 54 myopic children wearing Essilor? Stellest? lenses compared to 50 myopic children wearing single vision lenses in Wenzhou China. Results based on 32 children from the Test Group wearing wearing Essilor? Stellest? lenses at least 12 hours per day every day for two consecutive years.
1. Bao, J., et al. Spectacle lenses with aspherical lenslets for myopia control vs single-vision spectacle lenses: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2022;140(5):472–478.
[2] SER, spherical equivalent refraction.
*Two-year prospective, controlled, randomized, double-masked clinical trial results on 54 myopic children wearing Essilor? Stellest? lenses compared to 50 myopic children wearing single vision lenses in Wenzhou China. Results based on 32 children from the Test Group wearing wearing Essilor? Stellest? lenses at least 12 hours per day every day for two consecutive years.
1. Bao J,Huang Y,Li X,et al.Spectacle lenses with aspherical lenslets for myopia control vs single-vision spectacle lenses: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2022;140(5):472–478.
[3] *One-year results from the two-year prospective, controlled, randomized, double-masked clinical trial results on 54 myopic children wearing Essilor? Stellest? lenses compared to 50 myopic children wearing single vision lenses. Bao, J. et al. One-year myopia control efficacy of spectacle lenses with aspherical lenslets. British Journal of Ophthalmology. 2022;106(8):1171-6.
[4] Wong et al. Eye growth pattern of myopic children wearing spectacle lenses with aspherical lenslets compared with non-myopic children. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt. 2024;44(1):206-213
[5] SEM, standard errors of the mean; SVL, single vision lens; SER, spherical equivalent refraction
*Compared to the 60-month progression of the extrapolated control group (predicted average annual decrease in SER by 9.7% based on the initial 2-year control group, Smotherman C, et al. IOVS 2023;64:ARVO E-Abstract 811).
Source: Li X, Huang Y, Liu C, Yin Z, Cui Z, Lim EW, Drobe B, Chen H, Bao J. Myopia control efficacy of spectacle lenses with highly aspherical lenslets: results of a 5-year follow-up study. Presented as a poster at the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) Annual Meeting, Seattle. 2024.
[6] *Compared to single vision lens wearers.
Source: Sankaridurg P, et al. Spectacle Lenses With Highly Aspherical Lenslets for Slowing Myopia: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Cross-Over Clinical Trial. Am J Ophthalmol. 2023;247:18-24.
[7] Disclaimer : On average, compared to single vision lenses, when worn at least 30 hours per week. Data source: The results from one-year prospective, controlled, randomized, single-masked clinical trial on 84 low hyperopic children aged from 6.0 to 9.9 years with SER from 0.00 to +2.00 D (For more inclusion criteria, such as astigmatism, anisometropia, and other information, please refer to the China Clinical Trial Register with the registration number ChiCTR2200063586) initiated in 2022 conducted by Fudan University Eye and ENT Hospital . 40 children wearing Stellest? plano lenses ('Test Group\") compared to 44 children wearing plano single vision lenses (\"Control Group\"). Efficacy results are based on children who declared wearing Stellest? lenses at least 30 hours per week. Zhang, Z., et al, (2025). Spectacle Lenses With Highly Aspherical Lenslets for Slowing Axial Elongation and Refractive Change in Low-Hyperopic Chinese Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial. American journal of ophthalmology, 269, 60–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2024.08.020 . All lenses used in the said clinical trial are from Essilor?.
作者簡介:依視路陸遜梯卡專業(yè)教育高級經(jīng)理,國際培訓師、國家驗光技師,TTT培訓師培訓技能培訓教練,新鄉(xiāng)醫(yī)學院三全學院客座講師,近視防控課題負責人;知乎達人。