芙蓉國里盡朝暉

湖南省位于中國中部、長江中游南岸，自古以來就是連接南北的重要交通樞紐。湖南歷來盛植木芙蓉，因此有“芙蓉國”的美稱。獨(dú)特的地貌、悠久的歷史、豐富的文化，共同構(gòu)成了湖南深厚的歷史底蘊(yùn)、多彩的民俗風(fēng)情，造就并促進(jìn)了湖南的經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化發(fā)展。

Located in central China along the southern banks of the Yangtze River， Hunan has been a vital transportation hub connecting the north and thesouth sinceancienttimes.Renowned forthe long-standing tradition of cultivating hibiscus， the province earned the poetic name “Hibiscus Kingdom.\" Its unique geography， long history， and rich culture have collectively shaped Hunan's profound heritage，vibrant folk traditions，and dynamic economic and cultural development.

一、地理資源優(yōu)勢(shì)

1. Geography and Resources

“湖南”之名始于唐朝，因地處洞庭湖之南而得名，又因湘江貫穿其南北而簡稱“湘”。多次地殼運(yùn)動(dòng)造就了湖南如今的馬蹄形盆地，盆地北面是洞庭湖水系，其他三面環(huán)山，湘、資、沅、澧四大水系及其支流網(wǎng)布全省，大體上呈現(xiàn)“七山二水一分田”的格局。

The name“Hunan” originated in the Tang Dynasty，deriving from itslocation south of Dongting Lake. It is also named after the Xiang River that flows from north to south，commonly abbreviated to “Xiang.\"The present-day horseshoeshapedbasinterrainofHunan Provinceisaresult of multiple tectonic movements. The Dongting Lake water system spans the northern region of Hunan， encircled bymountainsontheotherthreesides. The Xiang，Zi， Yuan，and Li rivers，alongwith their tributaries， form an intricate network across the entire province， showcasing a landscape pattern of \"seven-tenths mountains，two-tenths rivers，and onetenthfarmland\"

湖南地區(qū)四季分明、雨水豐沛，為動(dòng)植物的多樣性提供了適宜的生存環(huán)境，自前是全國乃至世界珍貴的生物基因庫之一，擁有華南虎、云豹等18種國家一級(jí)保護(hù)動(dòng)物，以及水杉、珙桐等55種國家保護(hù)珍稀野生植物。湖南也是聞名遐邇的旅游勝地，擁有張家界武陵源和邵陽崑山兩處世界自然遺產(chǎn)，以及22個(gè)國家級(jí)風(fēng)景名勝區(qū)和7個(gè)5A級(jí)景區(qū)。

Blessed with distinct seasonsand abundant rainfall， Hunan nurtures remarkable biodiversity， making it one of China's- and even the world's- most precious genetic reservoirs. It is home to 18 state-protected species， including the South China tiger and clouded leopard， as well as 55 rare wild plants like the dawn redwood and the dove tree. The province also boasts breathtaking scenic wonders， including two UNESCO World Natural Heritage sites - the Wulingyuan of Zhangjiajie and the Langshan Mountain in Shaoyang - along with 22 national scenic spots and seven 5A-rated tourist attractions.

二、歷史和物產(chǎn)

2.History and Produce

湖南最早的人類活動(dòng)可以追溯到50萬年前的津市虎爪山遺址。環(huán)洞庭湖區(qū)域以及湘沅流域，是湖南先民的主要活動(dòng)區(qū)域。約在15000年前，湖南先民便開始栽培水稻，并燒制用于烹煮和儲(chǔ)藏糧食的陶器，為定居創(chuàng)造了條件。先秦時(shí)期，湖南人就過上了“民食魚稻，食物常足”的生活。唐宋以后，湖南糧食開始大量外輸。至明代，湖南有了“湖廣熟，天下足”的美談。到清乾隆年間，湖南已發(fā)展為“天下糧倉”。湖南省悠久的水稻栽培歷史為袁隆平及其團(tuán)隊(duì)開展雜交水稻研究提供了豐富的種植經(jīng)驗(yàn)。

HumanactivitiesinHunandatesback5oo，000 years，asevidencedbytheHuzhuashansitein Jinshi City. Early inhabitants thrived around Dongting Lake and along the Xiang and Yuan rivers. Around 15.000 yearsago， they had begun cultivating rice and crafting pottery for cookingand storage，laying the foundation for settled life. By the pre-Qin era，locals enjoyed a selfsufficient life of “fish and rice in abundance’ During the Tang and Song dynasties， produce from Hunan was transported to many parts of the country. By the Ming Dynasty， the saying“When Huguang （HunanHubei） has good harvests， the whole country becomes well-fed\" became widespread， and by the Qianlong period of the Qing Dynasty， Hunan had solidified its reputation as the “nation's granary.” This enduring agricultural tradition laid the foundation for moderndaybreakthroughs such as the development of highyield hybrid rice by Yuan Longping and his team.

商周時(shí)期，湖南地區(qū)尚未歸入中原王朝的管轄，古越人、濮（pu）人和巴人是這一時(shí)期湖南境內(nèi)的主要族群。殷商時(shí)期，中原部分貴族和族群進(jìn)入湖南地區(qū)，同時(shí)帶去了先進(jìn)的青銅鑄造技術(shù)，開啟了湖南的青銅文明。1938年出土于寧鄉(xiāng)的四羊方尊，是目前發(fā)現(xiàn)的世界上最精美的商代青銅器之一。

In the Shang and Zhou periods，Hunan lay beyond central dynastic control， inhabited mainly by ancient Yue， Pu， and Ba peoples. During the Shang Dynasty， migrating nobles introduced advanced bronze-casting techniques， sparking Hunan's bronze civilization. The iconic Four-Ram Square Zun， unearthed in Ningxiang in 1938，remains one of the most exquisite Shang bronzes ever discovered.

春秋戰(zhàn)國時(shí)期，湖南被納入楚國版圖，楚人與原住民相互融合，促成了特色鮮明的湘楚文化。秦漢時(shí)期，湖南被納入中國“大一統(tǒng)”的版圖，湖南人的生活方式也逐漸與大一統(tǒng)的文化環(huán)境相融合，開始變得多樣化。湘西龍山出土的里耶秦簡是繼秦始皇兵馬俑之后秦代考古的又一重大發(fā)現(xiàn)，中國最早的九九乘法表就出自其中。長沙馬王堆漢墓出土的大量文物充分展現(xiàn)了西漢初年人們物質(zhì)生活的富足、精神生活的豐富以及生活方式的考究；長眠地下2200多年的辛追夫人出土后仍栩栩如生，是目前世界上保存最為完好的濕尸之一。

Absorbed into the Chu Kingdom during the

Spring and Autumn and the Warring States periods， Hunan developed a distinctive Xiang-Chu culture through the blending of Chu and indigenous traditions.By the Qin and Han eras，Hunan became part of a unified China， with lifestyles growing increasingly diverse. The Liye Qin Slips， excavated inLongshan inwestern Hunanwherecontains the earliestknownmultiplication tablein China，marked a significant archaeological finding following the Terracotta Army of the First Qin Emperor. The Mawangdui Han Tombs in Changsha revealed a trove of artifacts showcasing the material wealth， the abundant spiritual life，and refined lifestyles of the early Western Han elites，including the 2，2o0-yearold Lady Xinzhui， who upon excavation， still looks vividand lifelike and isone of thebest-preserved wet mummies in the world today.

晉唐時(shí)期，中原人口大量遷入，促使湖南經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展，瓷器逐漸成為人們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹闹饕镁?。湖南工匠吸收南方燒造技術(shù)，創(chuàng)造性地?zé)瞥龈挥形饔蛭幕氐拈L沙窯瓷器，暢銷海外諸多地區(qū)。宋代以后，湖南的經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化地位逐漸上升，岳麓書院“道林三百眾，書院一千徒”，盛況空前。明末，南美作物的引入改變了湖南的傳統(tǒng)飲食結(jié)構(gòu)，辣椒成為湘菜的主要特色，也演繹成湖南人的性格標(biāo)簽。以香辣為特色的湘菜，發(fā)展成為全國八大菜系之一。

From the Jin to Tang dynasties，waves of migrants spurred economic growth.Ceramics graduallybecame more accessible，and entered the daily lives of ordinary people. Craftsmen innovated byabsorbing southern techniqueswith Central Asian motifs，producing“Changshaware”that gained fame overseas. By the Song Dynasty， Hunan's cultural stature rose，epitomized by the Yuelu Academy's reputation ofhosting“threehundred scholarsand a thousand disciples. During the late Ming Dynasty， the introduction of crops from South America， especially chili peppers，revolutionized Hunan's cuisine.Spicy and aromatic，Hunan dishes evolved into one of China's Eight Great Cuisines，with the use of chili becoming a defining trait of both local flavors and character.

明朝洪武年間，由于政治和經(jīng)濟(jì)因素，大量江右民系人口遷居到湖廣地區(qū)（今湖南、湖北一帶），史稱“江西填湖廣”移民運(yùn)動(dòng)。湖南原住民與不同時(shí)期遷入的外來移民相互融合，逐漸形成了如今的“民族大家庭”，共同孕育了豐富的民俗文化。

During the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty， political and economic shifts drove a massive Jiangxi migration （also known as“the group of Jiangyou\"） to the so-called Huguang region， which istoday's Hunan-Hubei. The migration movement is historically known as“Jiangxi people filling Huguang.\"Overtime，thesesettlersblended with indigenous groups， forging today's multiethnic tapestry and a flourishing folk culture.

三、人才輩出

3.A CradleofLuminaries

從炎帝陵的千年香火，到舜帝南巡留下的韶樂遺韻，圣王的足跡早已深深刻在三湘大地。愛國詩人屈原在汨羅江畔所作的《天問》和西漢文學(xué)家賈誼于長沙國太傅府寫下的《吊屈原賦》，共同奠定了湖湘文脈的精神基因。東漢蔡倫改進(jìn)的造紙術(shù)推動(dòng)了文明的傳播，唐代歐陽詢的楷書碑刻樹立了書法的典范，北宋周敦頤的《愛蓮說》將蓮花的君子形象刻進(jìn)國人血脈…這些歷史上響當(dāng)當(dāng)?shù)拿终宫F(xiàn)了湖南豐富的文化內(nèi)涵，也體現(xiàn)了湖南人對(duì)知識(shí)和真理的不懈追求。

From the millennium-old worshipping of the Yan Emperor to the echoes of Shao music left by the southerntourof theEmperorShun，thefootprintsof the ancient kings have long been deeply ingrained in theland of sanxiang，a termreflecting the combined three historical regions of Hunan.The spiritual DNA of Hunan's literary heritage was cemented by the patriotic poet Qu Yuan，whose Tianwen （or Questions to Heavenly） was composed by the banks of the Miluo River， and by the Western Han Dynasty scholarJiaYi's“LamentforQuYuan”writtenatthe Grand Emperor Tutor's Residence of the Kingdom of Changsha. In addition， the improvement of the papermaking technology by the Eastern Han's Cai Lun propelled the dissemination of civilization. Calligraphic steles by the Tang Dynasty's Ouyang Xun set the epitome of calligraphic art， and “On the Love of the Lotus\" written by the Northern Song's Zhou Dunyi engraved the noble image of the lotus deeply into the Chinese consciousness...These illustrious names from history showcase Hunan's rich cultural significance and reflect the people's unwavering pursuitofknowledgeandtruth.

到了近代，湖南成為思想變革的策源地。清代思想家魏源在《海國圖志》中首倡“師夷長技”。晚清名臣曾國藩?jiǎng)?chuàng)辦了安慶軍械所，從仿制西洋槍炮到選派幼童留洋，開啟了洋務(wù)運(yùn)動(dòng)的先聲，標(biāo)志著中國近代工業(yè)的萌芽，影響深遠(yuǎn)。偉大的無產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命家、戰(zhàn)略家和理論家毛澤東，為中華人民共和國的締造和社會(huì)主義事業(yè)發(fā)展建立了不可磨滅的功勛，他無疑是近代湖南人杰中最耀眼的一位。1925年，32歲的毛澤東重游長沙橘子洲頭，面對(duì)湘江的壯麗秋景，寫下了氣勢(shì)磅礴的《沁園春·長沙》，發(fā)出了“問蒼茫大地，誰主沉浮”的歷史叩問。如今，橘子洲頭矗立著青年毛澤東的雕像，鼓勵(lì)著無數(shù)游人，尤其是青年人，在“恰同學(xué)少年”中獲取青春激昂和奮進(jìn)的力量，為實(shí)現(xiàn)自己的夢(mèng)想而努力。湖南可謂是人文薈萃，英才輩出。

In modern times，Hunan has emerged asa cradle of revolutionary thoughts. The Qing Dynasty scholarWeiYuan，inhisworkIllustratedTreatise on the Maritime Kingdoms， pioneered the concept of “l(fā)earning the advanced technology from the foreigners. The esteemed late Qing statesman Zeng Guofan founded the first modern arsenal in Anqing， initiating the Self-Strengthening Movement - from replicating Western firearms to sending young pupils abroad for study - heralding the beginning of China’s industrial modernization. Mao Zedong， the eminent proletarian revolutionary， strategist， and theoretician，stands out as one ofHunan's most prominent modern figures，having made indelible contributions to the founding of the People's Republic of China and the advancement of socialist development. In 1925， the 32-year-old Mao revisited Orange Isle in Changsha， where the majestic autumn scenery of the Xiang River inspired his monumental poem “Changsha” （to the tune of “Qin Yuan Chun\"） with its ever-resounding line，“I wonder who upon this boundless earth， decides all beings' falland rise.\" Today，Mao's statue on Orange Isle inspires countless visitors，especially the youth，to draw strength from the revolutionary spirit of the line，“When， students in the flower of our age， our spirit bright was at its height，2 and strive relentlessly towards realizing their aspirations. Undoubtedly， Hunan has been a cradle for extraordinary talents contributing significantly to China’s rich cultural and historical tapestry.

四、時(shí)尚瀟湘

4. Nexus of Tradition and Modernity

近年來，湖南以軌道交通和工業(yè)發(fā)展為引擎，推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)全面升級(jí)。京廣高鐵、滬昆高鐵在長沙交匯，形成了“米”字形交通網(wǎng)絡(luò)；省內(nèi)高速公路通車?yán)锍掏黄?000公里，串聯(lián)起張家界的奇峰、鳳凰的古城與長沙的繁華此外，湖南在人工智能、新能源、量子科技等領(lǐng)域取得突破性進(jìn)展，長沙更被譽(yù)為“中國智能制造之城”，工程機(jī)械產(chǎn)業(yè)集群躋身全球前列。

In recent years，Hunan has been driving a comprehensive economic uplift with rail transit and industrial development as its engines. The convergence of the Beijing-Guangzhou and Shanghai-Kunming high-speed railways in Changsha has created a transport network shaped like the Chinesecharacter米 （literally“rice\"）.Moreover， the province'sexpressway，whosemileagehasexceeded 7，000 kilometers， links the magnificent peaks of Zhangjiajie， the Ancient Town of Fenghuang， and the vibrant city of Changsha. Additionally， Hunan has made groundbreaking progress in fields such asartificial intelligence， new energy， and quantum technology，with Changsha earning the title of \"China’s Intelligent Manufacturing Capital\" and its engineering machinery industry cluster ranking among the world's best.

經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展為文旅注入了新動(dòng)能。湖南的自然風(fēng)光和人文景觀令人陶醉：張家界國家森林公園以其獨(dú)特的石英砂巖峰林地貌聞名于世；鳳凰古城的古建筑群錯(cuò)落有致；湖南博物院以馬王堆漢墓元素設(shè)計(jì)的文創(chuàng)產(chǎn)品實(shí)現(xiàn)了古老歷史文化與現(xiàn)代時(shí)尚的結(jié)合；橘子洲頭音樂節(jié)、草莓音樂節(jié)連年舉辦，萬名樂迷在湘江畔隨音符躍動(dòng)。長沙“夜經(jīng)濟(jì)”持續(xù)繁榮，五一廣場深夜仍人聲鼎沸，文和友以復(fù)古市井場景再現(xiàn)老城區(qū)的記憶，各種年輕人喜愛的娛樂項(xiàng)目展現(xiàn)出城市的無限活力與魅力。

This economic growth has injected new vitality into cultural tourism.The natural landscapes and cultural vistas of Hunan are truly enchanting： Zhangjiajie National Forest Park is globally renowned for its unique quartz-sandstone peak forest formations.Theancientarchitectural ensemble of the Fenghuang Ancient Town is picturesque and harmonious.At the Hunan Museum， creative products inspired by the Mawangdui Han Tombs seamlesslyblendancienthistoricalandmodern fashion elements.At the annually-held Orange Isle Music Festival and the Strawberry Music Festival， thousands of music enthusiasts dance to the melodies along the banks of the Xiang River. Noticeably， Changsha's“nighttime economy” continues to thrive， with the bustling crowds at Wuyi Square lasting late into the night， and Wenheyou restaurant bringing back memories of the old city with its retro， streetstyle scenes. There are countless entertainment activities popular among young people to showcase the city's boundless energy and charm.

除此之外，湖南也是美食愛好者的天堂：長沙臭豆腐外酥里嫩、鮮香辣爽；常德醬板鴨醬香濃郁、香辣爽口；笨蘿卜瀏陽菜館的平價(jià)美味吸引了眾多年輕人排隊(duì)打卡?，F(xiàn)在，這里既是“網(wǎng)紅”時(shí)尚打卡地，也是青年創(chuàng)業(yè)者的靈感沃土。

Lastbutnotleast，Hunanisaparadise forfoodies： Changsha'scrispy-on-the-outside，tender-on-the-inside Stinky Tofu is flavorful and spicy; Changde Spicy and Salted Duck offers a rich and savory taste with a hint of spiciness; theaffordable and delicious dishes at Benluobo Liuyang Cuisine Restaurant attract numerous young people who queue up for a taste. Today， Hunan is not only a trendy destination for social media influencers， but also a fertile ground for young entrepreneurs to find inspirationand bring their ideas to life.

五、創(chuàng)新之地

5.Realm ofInnovation

如今的湖南，是一片充滿活力與創(chuàng)造力的土地。在文化創(chuàng)新方面，馬欄山視頻文創(chuàng)產(chǎn)業(yè)園匯聚了3000余家數(shù)字企業(yè)；“芒果TV”作為園區(qū)的杰出代表，不斷推出高質(zhì)量、高收視率的綜藝節(jié)目，其電視劇作品涵蓋都市、歷史、青春等多種題材，不僅展現(xiàn)了多元化的藝術(shù)風(fēng)格，也收獲了很高的市場價(jià)值。

Present-day Hunan is a land brimming with vitality and creativity. In the realm of cultural innovation， the Malanshan Video Cultural and Creative Industry Park has brought together over 3，ooo companies， including the nationally-influential Mango TV， which continuously releaseshigh-quality，high-rated variety shows. Its TV drama productions span various genres such as urban， historical， and youth themes， showcasing diverse artistic styles and reaping high market value.

創(chuàng)新還滲透到湖南人的日常生活中。以長沙為例，長沙近年來推出了一系列創(chuàng)新舉措：“社區(qū)服務(wù)換房租”計(jì)劃鼓勵(lì)青年志愿者參與老舊小區(qū)改造、兒童托管等服務(wù)以抵扣房租，這不僅緩解了新市民的住房壓力，也激發(fā)了社區(qū)的活力。湘江兩岸的“共享客廳”24小時(shí)開放，為市民提供品茶、閱讀、觀展的公共空間。長沙地鐵App集成乘車碼、旅游導(dǎo)覽、方言播報(bào)等功能，讓智慧出行變得便捷高效。這些創(chuàng)新舉措為湖南注入了新的活力，使其在時(shí)尚與休閑之間找到了平衡。湖南不僅成為時(shí)尚先鋒，也保留了溫馨愜意的生活氛圍，吸引著越來越多人在這里享受美好時(shí)光。

Innovation has also permeated into the daily lives of the people in Hunan. Taking Changsha as an example，aseriesof innovative initiativeshave been introduced in recent years.For instance，the \"Community Service for Rent Discount’ program encourages young people to volunteer in the renovation of old communities and childcare services in exchange for rent deductions. This not only alleviates the housing pressure on new migrants to Changsha but also revitalizes the community. The “Shared Living Room” along the banks of the Xiang River is open 24 hours， providing citizens with a public space for tea-drinking，reading，and exhibitions.The Changsha Metro App integrates functions such as QR codes， tourist guides， and dialect broadcasting， making smart travel convenient and efficient. These innovative measures inject new vitality into Hunan， striking a balancebetween the desire to behip and theneed to stayrelaxed.While beingmodern，Hunan hasbeen able to retain a warm and cozy living atmosphere， attracting more and more people to savor delightful momentsinthisvibrantlocale.

這片土地孕育了敢為人先的湖湘精神，也以最熱情的姿態(tài)邀世界共賞它的山水之魅、人文之美、生活之味——湖南，等你來“湘”遇！

This land fosters the enterprising spirit of the people of Hunan and warmly invites the world to admire its captivating landscapes， cultural allure， and the unique lifestyle-Welcome to Hunan！