來湖南，聽一段花鼓戲

2024年，湖南花鼓戲《新劉?？抽浴愤M(jìn)入大眾視野。該劇打破了傳統(tǒng)戲曲只有一方臺子的表演形式，主創(chuàng)團(tuán)隊(duì)將舞臺打造成一個462平方米、涵蓋四個區(qū)域的沉浸式舞臺。觀眾環(huán)繞舞臺就座，更有代入感，光電技術(shù)的應(yīng)用也讓舞臺燈光效果更加逼真。很多觀眾慕名而來，以觀看該劇為契機(jī)，了解湖南花鼓戲。

In2024，the Hunan FlowerDrum Opera TheNew Liu Hai the Woodcuttercapturedpublicattention.Breakingawayfromthetraditional single-stage format，the creative team designed a 462-square-meter immersive stage dividedinto four zones，with theaudience seatedaround it for a more engaging experience. Advanced lighting and projection technologies further heightened the realism of the performance.Audiences flocked to the show， seizing the chance to delve into the world of Hunan Flower Drum Opera.

湖南花鼓戲興于清代中葉，演出劇目數(shù)量眾多、內(nèi)容豐富多樣，大多取材于民間傳說、神話故事、通俗小說和社會生活，主題多為懲惡揚(yáng)善，表達(dá)普通老百姓的樸素愿望，代表劇目有《劉?？抽浴贰渡琅啤贰独媳磔W事》等。1958年12月，《生死牌》在北京演出，花鼓戲從此唱響全國。

Originating in the mid-Qing Dynasty， Hunan Flower Drum Opera features a rich repertoire drawn from folk tales， myths， popular novels， and everyday life. Its themes often promote virtue and condemn wrongdoing， reflecting the sincere aspirations of ordinary people.Iconic works include Liu Hai theWoodcutter，A MatterofLifeandDeath，and AnecdotesoftheCousin.InDecember1958，AMatter of Life and Death was staged in Beijing， marking the opera's rise to national prominence.

獨(dú)特的聲腔音樂

A Unique Musical Style

湖南花鼓戲是人民的藝術(shù)，其唱詞大量運(yùn)用了本地方言，貼近生活，深受當(dāng)?shù)乩习傩盏南矏??；ü膽虻那{(diào)有300余支，大多活潑輕快、旋律流暢，并以湖南特色的大筒、嗩吶、鑼鼓等樂器伴奏，是充分反映湖南特色的戲曲形式。到了近代，花鼓戲經(jīng)過一些形式上的革新，其豐富的文化內(nèi)涵更易理解。根據(jù)曲調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)、音樂風(fēng)格和表現(xiàn)手法，湖南花鼓戲現(xiàn)可分為以下四類：一是川調(diào)，它起源于山間，類似于山歌，曲調(diào)靈活多變，由大筒和嗩吶等絲竹樂器伴奏；二是鑼腔，它具有民歌色彩，特點(diǎn)是一唱眾和，曲調(diào)性較強(qiáng)，適用于戲劇中的抒情和敘述唱段，以鑼鼓和嗩吶伴奏；三是牌子，分為走場牌子和鑼鼓牌子，它由民歌、小調(diào)發(fā)展而來，起源于人民勞動，所以保持著載歌載舞的特點(diǎn)；四是小調(diào)，包括各種民歌小調(diào)和絲弦小調(diào)，多作插曲用。

Hunan FlowerDrum Opera isa form of folk art. Itslyrics make extensiveuse ofHunan dialectsand everydaystories，makingitrelatableandbelovedby localaudiences.Withover3oomelodies-mostof themlively，light-hearted，and tuneful， theoperais accompanied by traditional Hunan instruments such as the datong （a large string instrument）， suona （a doublereed horn）， gongs，and drums. Together， they vividly reflect the unique theatrical character of Hunan.

In modern times， the opera has undergone stylistic innovations，making its rich cultural connotations more accessible to broader audiences. Based on melody， musical style，and presentation technique，Hunan Flower Drum Opera can be categorized into four main types：

·Chuan Tune： Originating in the mountains and resembling folk mountain songs，this style features flexible and varied melodies， accompanied by string and wind instruments such as datong and suona.

·Gong Tune： Rich in the flavor of folk songs， thisstyle is characterized by call-and-response singing and a strong melodic presence. It is wellsuited for lyrical and narrative passages and is accompanied by the gong， drum，and suona.

·Paizi： Divided into zouchang paizi （processional paizi） and luogu paizi （percussive paizi）， this style evolved from folk songs and ballads. Rooted in daily vivid personalitiesand rich emotions through every gesture;and xiao sheng portrays handsome，charismatic young men，featuringgraceful movementsand skillful use of props such as fans and handkerchiefs.Given the difficulty of transporting large props onto the stage， objectless performance becomes essential. Performers skillfully mime actions such labor scenes， it retains the features of singing and dancing.

·Ballads： Comprising various folk and string ballads， this style is typicallyused asmusical interludes inperformances.

豐富的表演藝術(shù) A Diverse Performing Art

湖南花鼓戲語言生動，表演風(fēng)格樸實(shí)、明快、活潑，小丑、小旦、小生的表演最具特色。其中，小丑負(fù)責(zé)夸張風(fēng)趣的表演，善于表現(xiàn)底層人物的生活狀態(tài)；小旦是開朗潑辣的女子，舉手投足間盡顯鮮明的個性和情感；小生則是風(fēng)流灑脫的男子，形象英俊帥氣，表演步法豐富，擅長扇子和手巾的運(yùn)用?；ü膽蛟诒硌葜袩o法將大型的道具搬上舞臺，所以無實(shí)物表演在這時候顯得尤為重要，如劃船、挑擔(dān)、砍柴、摸泥鰍、放風(fēng)箏、捉蝴蝶等。在《劉海砍樵》中，劉海作為一名樵夫，需要砍樹、砍柴，這就需要演員以扎實(shí)的功底進(jìn)行各類動作的表演。

Hunan Flower Drum Opera is renowned for itslively language and a performance style that is down-to-earth，light-hearted，and vibrant. The most distinctive roles include the xiao chou （clown）， xiao dan （female lead），and xiao sheng （male lead），each with their own unique characteristics： xiao chou delivers exaggerated， humorous performances，often portraying the lives of grassroots people; xiao dan embodies spirited， bold female figures， expressing as rowing boats， carrying shoulder poles， chopping wood，catching loaches，flying kites，or chasing butterflies with precise and expressive movements. Forexample，inLiuHaitheWoodcutter，the protagonist must convincingly mimic chopping trees and gathering firewood - a true testament to the actor's rigorous training and mastery of performance techniques.

優(yōu)秀的演員群體 A Legacy of Exceptional Performers

唯有薪火相傳，方能生生不息。在長期的藝術(shù)實(shí)踐中，湖南花鼓戲界涌現(xiàn)出一大批著名的老藝人和當(dāng)代表演藝術(shù)家，如鐘宜淳、李小嘉、李谷一、凌國康等?；ü膽虻陌l(fā)展離不開這些熱愛花鼓藝術(shù)的好演員，他們唱功、做功、念功、打功“四功”扎實(shí)，步法、身法、唱法、頭法、眼法“五法”講究。正所謂“好戲須經(jīng)百遍改，演員要?dú)v千場磨”，在一次次演出的磨煉過程中，他們積累了豐富的表演經(jīng)驗(yàn)，帶給觀眾們一場場精彩的藝術(shù)盛宴。

Only through generations of inheritance can anart form truly thrive. Over thecourse ofits timehonored development， Hunan Flower Drum Opera hasproduced many celebrated traditional masters and contemporary performers， including Zhong Yichun， Li Xiaojia， Li Guyi， and Ling Guokang. The opera's enduring vitality owes much to these dedicated artists，who have mastered the“Four Skills\"- singing， posing， reciting，and dancing，and the“Five Techniques\"- footwork，body movement， vocal delivery， head positioning， and eye expression.

As the saying goes，“A great play is refined a hundred times; a good performer is honed through a thousand performances.\" Through countless appearancesonstage，theseartistsaccumulate rich experience，enabling them to deliver outstanding performances time and again for theiraudience.

一樣聚集在活動現(xiàn)場。湖南花鼓戲以長沙花鼓戲?yàn)楹诵模┎扇「鞯鼗ü膽蛑L，并在音樂表現(xiàn)形式上進(jìn)行改革，融入電吉他、架子鼓等樂器，使其更流行化，形成獨(dú)具風(fēng)格的“省花”流派?，F(xiàn)代花鼓戲《老表軼事》在第七屆中國藝術(shù)節(jié)上奪得中國舞臺藝術(shù)最高獎項(xiàng)——文華獎，讓更多人認(rèn)識到花鼓戲的魅力。很多觀眾在看了《老表軼事》的精彩演出后，都發(fā)出這樣的感慨：“原來花鼓戲這么迷人！”

廣泛的群眾基礎(chǔ) A Broad Popular Foundation

Hunan Flower Drum Opera is easy to understand， humorous， and vividly showcases local customs and traditions，making it beloved by audiences. Today， Hunan Province actively promotes community cultural projects， enabling the public to enjoy cultural feasts presented by professional performance troupes close to home. At every performance， enthusiastic locals arrive early， holding their children and assisting the elderly， gathering at the venue as they would for a market fair.Hunan FlowerDrum Opera iscentered around the Changsha style， while also drawing on the strengths of various regional styles across the province. It has also undergone musical innovations toincorporate instrumentssuch aselectric guitarsand drum kits， making it more contemporary and giving riseto the unique“Hunan Provincial FlowerDrum” style. The winning of the Wenhua Award by the modern Flower Drum opera Anecdotes of the Cousin at the 7th China Art Festival has made more people recognize the charm of Flower Drum Opera. Many viewers，after watching the captivating performance， remarked， “I never knew Flower Drum Opera could be so enchanting！\"

花鼓戲通俗易懂、幽默諧趣，能充分展現(xiàn)瀟湘風(fēng)俗民情，因此深受觀眾喜愛。湖南省廣泛開展群眾文化活動，讓人民群眾能夠就近享受專業(yè)文藝院團(tuán)奉獻(xiàn)的精神文化大餐。每次演出，熱情的鄉(xiāng)親們都會早早抱著孩子、扶著老人，像趕集

與時俱進(jìn)

KeepingUp with the Times

在數(shù)智化浪潮中，在新媒體或新技術(shù)、新媒介的助 力下，花鼓戲這種來源于生活生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐的戲劇藝術(shù)形式 也與時俱進(jìn)，以“文化 + 科技”的形式融合發(fā)展，在表達(dá) 新生活內(nèi)容和新社會風(fēng)尚的同時，有了更多數(shù)字化、現(xiàn) 代化的呈現(xiàn)，讓傳統(tǒng)戲曲“唱”出年輕的味道。2024年 11月，在長沙音樂廳激情唱響的“愛上花鼓·愛上長沙” 情景音樂會，就是一次傳統(tǒng)戲曲創(chuàng)新性的探索。節(jié)目一 acreativeexplorationofthistransformation.Atthe beginning of the performance， the character“Liu Hai”fromNewLiuHaitheWoodcuttertravelsto Changsha's popular tourist spots， sipping milk tea and enjoyingmodern cuisine.Theblend of traditional characters， innovativeideas，and novel presentation stylesimmediatelycaptured the audience'sattention. With online promotion，the showhas been revitalized for a new era. Another highlight of the concert wasan interactive session in which international students learned to sing Flower Drum Opera using the huashe（literally“flower tongue\"） technique.This instantly awakened a sense of cultural connection among many college studentsin the audience，who said，‘I didn't know FlowerDrum Opera could be so interesting！”

隨著互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的快速發(fā)展，年輕的花鼓戲演員們通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)直播等方式，讓更多觀眾得以欣賞到原汁原味的花鼓戲?！段野验L沙唱給你聽》以花鼓戲的形式，展現(xiàn)了長沙的宜居、宜業(yè)、宜游、宜樂之美。網(wǎng)絡(luò)渠道的傳播和技術(shù)手段的創(chuàng)新，讓越來越多的青年人像追演唱會、音樂劇一樣追戲曲、賞非遺，成為傳開場，花鼓戲《新劉海砍樵》中的“劉海哥”就“穿越”到長沙的網(wǎng)紅景點(diǎn)，喝奶茶、嘗現(xiàn)代美食傳統(tǒng)的人物、創(chuàng)新的思想、別開生面的表現(xiàn)形式，瞬間吸引了觀眾的注意力。通過互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的推廣，《新劉?？抽浴吩谛聲r代里煥發(fā)了新的活力。外國留學(xué)生學(xué)唱花鼓戲的“打花舌”互動，更是“喚醒”了不少在場大學(xué)生的“戲曲DNA”，他們紛紛感嘆：“想不到花鼓戲這么有趣！”

In the wave of digitalization， empowered by new media and new technologies，F(xiàn)lower Drum Opera 一 an art form rooted in everyday life and labor - has kept up with the times.It is now developing as a cultural form infused with technological elements. While showcasing new lifestyles and social trends， it adopts more digitalized and modern presentation forms， giving traditional opera a fresh， contemporary touch. The“Falling in Love with Flower Drum Opera，F(xiàn)alling in Love with Changsha” concert at the Changsha Concert Hall in November 2024 was 統(tǒng)戲曲的“迷弟迷妹”，使花鼓戲等傳統(tǒng)戲曲在青年群體 中“破圈”，在演出市場中成為“頂流”。

With the rapid development of the internet， young Flower Drum Opera performers have used live-streaming and other onlineplatforms to share authenticperformanceswithabroaderaudience.“I Sing Changsha for You，inthe form of FlowerDrum Opera， showcases the beauty of Changsha as a livable， business-friendly， tourist-friendly，and joyful city. The useof online channels and technological innovations has encouraged more young people to engage with the cultural heritage of traditional opera，much like they would attend concerts or musicals. This has enabledFlowerDrumOperaandothertraditionalart forms to break into youth culture and become soldout sensations in the performance market.？