摘要" 目的:分析優(yōu)質(zhì)干預(yù)對(duì)婦產(chǎn)科手術(shù)患者術(shù)后疼痛及睡眠質(zhì)量的影響。方法:選取2023年1月至2024年1月廈門(mén)大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科收治的手術(shù)患者98例作為研究對(duì)象,按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對(duì)照組和觀察組,每組49例。對(duì)照組給予常規(guī)護(hù)理干預(yù),觀察組給予優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理干預(yù)。采用匹茲堡睡眠質(zhì)量指數(shù)(PSQI)比較2組患者睡眠質(zhì)量的差異,采用焦慮自評(píng)量表(SAS)、抑郁自評(píng)量表(SDS)比較2組患者焦慮、抑郁癥狀改善情況,采用愛(ài)潑沃斯嗜睡量表(ESS)比較2組患者干預(yù)前后睡眠質(zhì)量變化,并比較2組患者睡眠效果、睡眠感受、睡眠可持續(xù)性的差異,采用多導(dǎo)睡眠監(jiān)測(cè)(PSG)評(píng)價(jià)2組患者的睡眠效率、快速眼動(dòng)(REM)潛伏期、睡眠潛伏期、清醒次數(shù)、睡后清醒時(shí)間,并比較2組術(shù)后疼痛可耐受性及護(hù)理滿(mǎn)意度。結(jié)果:干預(yù)后,觀察組PSQI評(píng)分、SAS評(píng)分、SDS評(píng)分、ESS評(píng)分均顯著低于對(duì)照組,觀察組睡眠效率、REM潛伏期高于對(duì)照組,觀察組睡眠潛伏期、清醒次數(shù)、睡后清醒時(shí)間顯著低于對(duì)照組,觀察組疼痛耐受性評(píng)分顯著高于對(duì)照組,觀察組護(hù)理滿(mǎn)意度顯著高于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均Plt;0.05)。結(jié)論:對(duì)婦產(chǎn)科手術(shù)患者實(shí)施優(yōu)質(zhì)護(hù)理干預(yù)既可減輕術(shù)后疼痛,又可提高其睡眠質(zhì)量,加快患者康復(fù)進(jìn)程,緩解患者焦慮、抑郁情緒,提高睡眠效率,值得臨床推廣應(yīng)用。
關(guān)鍵詞" 婦產(chǎn)科手術(shù);優(yōu)質(zhì)干預(yù);疼痛;睡眠質(zhì)量;滿(mǎn)意度;耐受度;術(shù)后恢復(fù)質(zhì)量評(píng)估量表;舒適狀況量表;焦慮;抑郁
作者簡(jiǎn)介:林麗雅(1979.03—),女,本科,副主任護(hù)師,研究方向:婦產(chǎn)護(hù)理,E-mail:1353405651@qq.com通信作者:曹美麗(1988.02—),女,本科,副主任護(hù)師,研究方向:臨床護(hù)理,E-mail:1090354796@qq.com
Analyzing the Impact of High-quality Interventions on Postoperative Pain and Sleep Quality in Patients Undergoing Gynecological and Obstetric SurgeryLIN Liya,CAO Meili
(First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University,Xiamen 361022,China)
Abstract" Objective:To analyze the impact of high-quality interventions on postoperative pain and sleep quality in patients undergoing gynecological surgery.Methods:A total of 98 gynecological surgery patients admitted to the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University from January 2023 to January 2024 were selected as the research subjects.They were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group,with 49 cases in each group,using a random number table method.The control group received routine nursing intervention,while the observation group received high-quality nursing intervention.The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) was used to compare the differences in sleep quality between two groups of patients.The Self Rating Anxiety Scale(SAS) and Self Rating Depression Scale(SDS) were used to compare the improvement of anxiety and depression symptoms between the two groups of patients.The Epworth Sleepiness Scale(ESS) was used to compare the changes in sleep quality before and after intervention between the two groups of patients.The differences in sleep effectiveness,sleep perception,and sleep sustainability between the two groups of patients were also compared.Multi channel Sleep Monitoring(PSG) was used to evaluate the sleep efficiency,rapid eye movement(REM) latency,sleep latency,wakefulness frequency,and post sleep wakefulness time of the two groups of patients.The tolerability of postoperative pain and nursing satisfaction were also compared between the two groups.Results:After intervention,the PSQI score,SAS score,SDS score,and ESS score of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group.The sleep efficiency and REM latency of the observation group were higher than those of the control group.The sleep latency,number of awakenings,and wakefulness time after sleep of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group.The pain tolerance score of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group,and the nursing satisfaction of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group.The differences between the two groups were statistically significant(Plt;0.05).Conclusion:Implementing high-quality nursing interventions for gynecological surgery patients can not only alleviate postoperative pain,but also improve their sleep quality,accelerate the patient′s recovery process,alleviate their anxiety and depression,and improve sleep efficiency.It is worth promoting and applying in clinical practice.
Keywords" Obstetrics and Gynecology Surgery; High quality intervention; Pain; Sleep quality; Satisfaction; Tolerance; Postoperative Recovery Quality Assessment Scale; Comfort Scale; Anxiety; Depressed
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):R248.2;R338.63文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:Adoi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-7130.2024.06.023
婦科疾病在孕齡婦女中普遍存在,婦產(chǎn)科手術(shù)主要用于卵巢腫瘤、子宮頸癌、宮外孕的治療中[1]。然而術(shù)后疼痛和睡眠質(zhì)量是嚴(yán)重困擾患者的常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題,2種癥狀會(huì)同時(shí)出現(xiàn),相互影響。術(shù)后疼痛是常見(jiàn)的癥狀之一,干擾患者睡眠模式,患者在睡眠過(guò)程中因疼痛而頻繁覺(jué)醒[2]。常規(guī)護(hù)理模式側(cè)重于手術(shù)的安全性及預(yù)防并發(fā)癥,而對(duì)患者的心理層面及就醫(yī)體驗(yàn)感關(guān)注不夠。優(yōu)質(zhì)干預(yù)在治療疾病的同時(shí)更加注重患者的就醫(yī)體驗(yàn)感,注重環(huán)境管理,維護(hù)患者的身心健康[3]。本文選取我院收治的婦產(chǎn)科手術(shù)患者98例作為研究對(duì)象,分析優(yōu)質(zhì)干預(yù)對(duì)婦產(chǎn)科手術(shù)患者術(shù)后疼痛及睡眠質(zhì)量的影響,現(xiàn)將結(jié)果報(bào)道如下。
1" 資料與方法
1.1" 一般資料" 選取2023年1月至2024年1月廈門(mén)大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院婦產(chǎn)科收治的手術(shù)患者98例作為研究對(duì)象,按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對(duì)照組和觀察組,每組49例。對(duì)照組年齡27~50歲,平均年齡(37.46±2.46)歲。觀察組年齡26~48歲,平均年齡(37.22±2.33)歲。2組患者一般資料經(jīng)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Pgt;0.05),具有可比性。本研究經(jīng)我院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)審批通過(guò)。
1.2" 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)" 1)均在我院接受婦科手術(shù)治療;2)意識(shí)比較清醒;3)具有良好的表達(dá)能力。
1.3" 排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)" 1)伴有其他炎癥的疾?。?)對(duì)手術(shù)的耐受性差;3)患有智力障礙方面的疾??;4)手術(shù)之前有睡眠障礙。
1.4" 脫落與剔除標(biāo)準(zhǔn)" 手術(shù)的配合度比較差或中途退出研究。
1.5" 治療方法
對(duì)照組實(shí)施常規(guī)護(hù)理干預(yù)。拔除氣管導(dǎo)管之后,給予患者使用一次性靜脈鎮(zhèn)痛泵緩解疼痛,告知家屬患者的手術(shù)情況、術(shù)后照護(hù)的要點(diǎn)、飲食方面的專(zhuān)業(yè)指導(dǎo)。
觀察組在常規(guī)護(hù)理基礎(chǔ)上聯(lián)合給予優(yōu)質(zhì)干預(yù)。1)營(yíng)造良好的睡眠條件:為患者提供適宜的病房環(huán)境,避免因溫度過(guò)高或過(guò)低對(duì)患者的睡眠造成影響,在患者休息期間或晚上應(yīng)該降低室內(nèi)光線亮度,白天患者休息時(shí)用床簾遮擋室外的光線。為患者提供干凈、整潔的床上用品,降低各項(xiàng)醫(yī)療設(shè)備的聲音,在執(zhí)行各項(xiàng)護(hù)理操作時(shí)要輕柔,同時(shí)盡可能避開(kāi)患者睡覺(jué)期間,要做到走路輕、聲音輕。限制病房?jī)?nèi)人員數(shù)量,減少人員流動(dòng)和噪聲干擾[4]。告知患者睡前喝杯牛奶、泡腳,有利于促進(jìn)睡眠。2)體位管理:護(hù)理人員加大巡查病房的頻次,根據(jù)手術(shù)情況以及患者的具體情況合理安排體位,在術(shù)后恢復(fù)階段指導(dǎo)患者取側(cè)臥位體位,可以有效降低手術(shù)切口的張力,緩解疼痛,幫助患者調(diào)整睡姿,提高其舒適度,緩解睡眠障礙。3)音樂(lè)護(hù)理:在進(jìn)行音樂(lè)護(hù)理之前首先需要向患者做出詳細(xì)解釋?zhuān)⒅v解音樂(lè)護(hù)理的目的、價(jià)值、流程。向患者提供音樂(lè)聆聽(tīng)的裝備,并解釋聆聽(tīng)方法。對(duì)患者的情緒、身體狀況等方面做出全面的評(píng)價(jià),尊重患者的意愿,根據(jù)其喜好以及具體情況制定音樂(lè)護(hù)理曲目。音樂(lè)護(hù)理實(shí)施的時(shí)間分別是睡前1 h與午休前0.5 h,雙眼閉目、全身放松聆聽(tīng)音樂(lè),音量調(diào)整到50~60 dB,時(shí)間為0.5 h[5]。4)減輕心理壓力:多與患者進(jìn)行交流,安慰、鼓勵(lì)患者,指導(dǎo)其放松訓(xùn)練,采用深呼吸、冥想等方式緩解焦慮情緒,促進(jìn)睡眠。5)疼痛管理:手術(shù)后疼痛情況以疼痛數(shù)字評(píng)分法(Numerical Rating Scale,NRS)評(píng)估,多詢(xún)問(wèn)患者感受。輕微疼痛者,重視健康教育宣導(dǎo),并鼓勵(lì)患者轉(zhuǎn)移注意力方式,減輕疼痛;中度疼痛者,重視指導(dǎo)患者意念想象、正念冥想等方式,使其處于深度放松狀態(tài);重度疼痛者,給予患者用藥治療[6]。6)物理療法:在不影響病情的前提下,給予患者進(jìn)行推拿按摩,促進(jìn)睡眠,通過(guò)搓、摩等手法刺激印堂穴、涌泉穴等特定穴位,舒緩身心,指導(dǎo)患者進(jìn)行自我按摩,按摩太陽(yáng)穴和百會(huì)穴等重要的穴位[7]。
1.6" 觀察指標(biāo)" 1)采用匹茲堡睡眠質(zhì)量指數(shù)(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,PSQI)比較2組患者睡眠質(zhì)量的差異;2)采用焦慮自評(píng)量表(Self-rating Anxiety Scale,SAS)、抑郁自評(píng)量表(Self-rating Depression Scale,SDS)[8]比較2組患者焦慮、抑郁癥狀改善情況;3)采用愛(ài)潑沃斯嗜睡量表(Epworth Sleepiness Scale,ESS)比較2組患者干預(yù)前后睡眠質(zhì)量變化;4)比較2組患者睡眠效果、睡眠感受、睡眠可持續(xù)性的差異;5)采用多導(dǎo)睡眠監(jiān)測(cè)(PSG)[9]工具評(píng)價(jià)2組患者的睡眠效率、快速眼動(dòng)(REM)[10]潛伏期、睡眠潛伏期、清醒次數(shù)、睡后清醒時(shí)間;6)比較2組術(shù)后疼痛可耐受性及護(hù)理滿(mǎn)意度。
1.7" 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法" 采用SPSS 23.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)量數(shù)據(jù)以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(±s)表示,采用配對(duì)t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料用百分比/率(%)表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn),以Plt;0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2" 結(jié)果
2.1" 2組患者干預(yù)前后SAS評(píng)分、SDS評(píng)分比較""" 干預(yù)后,觀察組SAS評(píng)分、SDS評(píng)分顯著低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均Plt;0.05)。見(jiàn)表1。
2.2" 2組患者干預(yù)前后睡眠質(zhì)量比較" 干預(yù)后,觀察組睡眠效果、睡眠感受、睡眠可持續(xù)性評(píng)分均顯著高于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均Plt;0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。
2.3" 2組患者干預(yù)前后PSG指標(biāo)比較" 干預(yù)后,觀察組睡眠效率、REM潛伏期高于對(duì)照組,睡眠潛伏期、清醒次數(shù)、睡后清醒時(shí)間顯著低于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均Plt;0.05)。見(jiàn)表3。
2.4" 2組患者術(shù)后疼痛可耐受性比較" 干預(yù)后,觀察組可耐受度顯著高于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均Plt;0.05)。見(jiàn)表4。
2.5" 2組患者滿(mǎn)意度比較" 干預(yù)后,觀察組滿(mǎn)意度顯著高于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Plt;0.05)。見(jiàn)表5。
2.6" 2組患者干預(yù)前后PSQI、ESS評(píng)分比較" 干預(yù)后2組患者PSQI、ESS評(píng)分呈下降趨勢(shì),且觀察組顯著低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Plt;0.05)。見(jiàn)表6。
3" 討論
睡眠時(shí)身體的大部分系統(tǒng)與器官也會(huì)進(jìn)入相對(duì)靜止的狀態(tài),有助于消除疲勞,恢復(fù)體力;在睡眠過(guò)程中,免疫系統(tǒng)會(huì)加強(qiáng)防御,有利于機(jī)體恢復(fù)[11]。然而術(shù)后睡眠障礙與疼痛能夠通過(guò)神經(jīng)內(nèi)分泌調(diào)控,造成人體內(nèi)分泌紊亂,降低免疫功能,不利于術(shù)后盡早康復(fù)。在婦產(chǎn)科手術(shù)中,疼痛是引起睡眠障礙的常見(jiàn)病因。另外,患者缺乏對(duì)疾病和手術(shù)的正確認(rèn)知、擔(dān)心手術(shù)費(fèi)用、手術(shù)效果,而引起嚴(yán)重的焦慮癥狀,從而影響睡眠質(zhì)量[12-13]。環(huán)境因素也會(huì)導(dǎo)致患者睡眠質(zhì)量差。
優(yōu)質(zhì)干預(yù)更加重視患者的生理、心理方面的問(wèn)題[14]。本研究中實(shí)施優(yōu)質(zhì)干預(yù)可以減輕患者負(fù)面情緒,可能是因?qū)?yōu)質(zhì)干預(yù)應(yīng)用于婦產(chǎn)科疾病患者的手術(shù)護(hù)理服務(wù)當(dāng)中,根據(jù)患者的個(gè)體化差異實(shí)施針對(duì)性護(hù)理,促進(jìn)患者身心完全放松,提高睡眠質(zhì)量[15-16]。優(yōu)質(zhì)干預(yù)后觀察組的睡眠質(zhì)量評(píng)分較高,營(yíng)造良好的睡眠環(huán)境,幫助患者保持規(guī)律的作息時(shí)間;同時(shí)通過(guò)物理療法、音樂(lè)等方式促進(jìn)患者更好地放松身心,進(jìn)一步提高婦產(chǎn)科術(shù)后患者的睡眠質(zhì)量[17-18]。注重患者的疼痛管理,降低不適感,有利于提高患者的舒適度。研究結(jié)果顯示,觀察組對(duì)術(shù)后疼痛耐受性更高、GCQ與PQRS評(píng)分較高,優(yōu)質(zhì)干預(yù)的實(shí)施在促進(jìn)患者術(shù)后康復(fù)方面效果較為明顯[19-20]。
綜上所述,婦產(chǎn)科手術(shù)實(shí)施優(yōu)質(zhì)干預(yù)既可減輕術(shù)后疼痛,又可提高睡眠質(zhì)量,促進(jìn)康復(fù),值得推薦。
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參考文獻(xiàn)
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