【摘要】 背景 冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化性心臟病(CHD)是全球?qū)е滤劳龅闹饕?,冠狀?dòng)脈造影檢查通常作為診斷CHD的有效手段,但在基層受多種條件限制導(dǎo)致冠狀動(dòng)脈造影檢查率較低,需要研究更有意義的生物標(biāo)志物為基層醫(yī)生診治CHD提供依據(jù)。課題組在前期研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),早期生長(zhǎng)反應(yīng)因子3(Egr3)基因可能是CHD發(fā)病異質(zhì)性的易感因素,目前關(guān)于CHD與Egr3基因及炎癥指標(biāo)的相關(guān)性鮮有報(bào)道。目的 探討Egr3、白介素6(IL-6)與CHD的相關(guān)性及其水平與冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化嚴(yán)重程度的關(guān)系,為臨床基層診治提供依據(jù)。方法 納入2021年6—12月就診于新疆醫(yī)科大學(xué)第五附屬醫(yī)院的CHD患者110例,參與者均因CHD癥狀就診并完善冠狀動(dòng)脈造影檢查,將確診為CHD的患者依據(jù)Gensini評(píng)分的中位數(shù)(52分)分為輕度狹窄組(A組≤52分,n=50)、中重度狹窄組(B組gt;52分,n=30),選取冠狀動(dòng)脈造影結(jié)果正常的30例為對(duì)照組(C組)。采用ELISA檢測(cè)法檢測(cè)患者血清Egr3水平及IL-6水平。結(jié)果 B組IL-6水平高于A組與C組(Plt;0.05),A組、B組Egr3水平高于C組(Plt;0.05);Egr3水平診斷CHD的受試者工作特征曲線下面積為0.648,靈敏度為35.0%,特異度為93.3%。CHD患者IL-6與Egr3呈正相關(guān)(r=0.231,Plt;0.01);Egr3、IL-6與Gensini評(píng)分呈正相關(guān)(rs=0.390、0.317,Plt;0.01)。結(jié)論 Egr3對(duì)CHD的診斷具有良好的特異度,Egr3水平與IL-6水平與冠狀動(dòng)脈血管病變程度呈正相關(guān)。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 冠心?。辉缙谏L(zhǎng)因子3;胞間信號(hào)肽類和蛋白質(zhì)類;白細(xì)胞介素6;Gensini評(píng)分;冠狀動(dòng)脈狹窄;相關(guān)性
【中圖分類號(hào)】 R 541.4 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】 A DOI:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0051
【引用本文】 祖姆熱提·阿布都克依木,馬燕玲,朱凱瑞,等. 早期生長(zhǎng)反應(yīng)因子3和白介素6水平與冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化性心臟病的相關(guān)性研究[J]. 中國全科醫(yī)學(xué),2023,26(24):3016-3021. DOI:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0051.[www.chinagp.net]
【Abstract】 Background Coronary heart disease(CHD) is the leading cause of death world wide. Coronary angiography is often used as an effective approach for the diagnosis of CHD. However,coronary angiography accounts for relatively low percentagein examination approaches due to the limitation of various conditions in primary care,and more meaningful biomarkers need to be explored to provide a basis for primary care physicians to diagnose and treat CHD. In the previous study of our research group,it is found that early growth response 3 (Egr3)gene may be a susceptibility factor in the heterogeneity of CHD pathogenesis,and there are few reports on the correlation between CHD and Egr3 gene and inflammatory biomarkers. Objective To investigate the correlation between Egr3,interleukin-6 (IL-6)and CHD,as well as their expression levels and the severity of coronary stenosis,so as to provide a favorable laboratory basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment inprimary care. Methods A total of 110 patients who admitted to the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University for CHD symptoms and completed coronary artery angiography (CAG) during June to December 2021 were collected and divided into the mild stenosis group(group A≤52 points,n=50),moderate-severe stenosis group(group Bgt;52 points,n=30) and control group(group C,n=30)according to the CAG results and median Gensini score(52 points). Serum Egr3 and IL-6 levels of the included patients were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The IL-6 level in group B was higher than that in group A and group C (Plt;0.05),and Egr3 expression level in the group A and group B was higher than that in group C,respectively(Plt;0.05);the area under the ROC curve of Egr3 expression level in the diagnosis of coronary heart disease was 0.648,with a sensitivity of 35.0% and specificity of 93.3%. There was positive correlation between IL-6 and Egr3 in CHD patients (r=0.231,Plt;0.01);Egr3 and IL-6 levels were positively correlated with Gensini score (rs=0.39,0.317,Plt;0.01). Conclusions Egr3 has good specificity for the diagnosis of CHD,and the expression levels of Egr3 and IL-6 were positively correlated with the severity of coronary stenosis.
【Key words】 Coronary disease;Early growth response 3;Intercellular signaling peptides and proteins;Interleukin-6;Gensini score;Coronary stenosis;Correlation analysis
冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化性心臟病(CHD)是全球?qū)е滤劳龅闹饕?,其特征是心外膜血管中阻塞性或非阻塞性?dòng)脈粥樣硬化斑塊積累[1-2]。炎癥反應(yīng)在動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化和促進(jìn)動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化中起關(guān)鍵作用,有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道低度慢性的炎癥反應(yīng)為動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化疾病發(fā)生和發(fā)展的驅(qū)動(dòng)力[3-5]。白介素(IL)-6是一種促進(jìn)動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的細(xì)胞因子,最新研究發(fā)現(xiàn),炎癥因子IL-1β、IL-6及C反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)均參與激活冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化炎癥途徑[6]。早期生長(zhǎng)反應(yīng)因子3(Egr3)作為EGR家族的成員之一,是基因表達(dá)的必要轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,可由各種刺激、炎癥因子等激活[7]。李霞等[8]在前期研究中提出Egr3基因多態(tài)性與CHD的發(fā)病相關(guān)。基于此理論基礎(chǔ),本研究通過分析Egr3、IL-6水平與CHD的關(guān)系,明確Egr3、IL-6在CHD中的診斷價(jià)值及與冠狀動(dòng)脈病變嚴(yán)重程度的相關(guān)性,為CHD的診斷治療提供有利證據(jù)。
1 對(duì)象與方法
1.1 研究對(duì)象 納入2021年6—12月就診于新疆醫(yī)科大學(xué)第五附屬醫(yī)院的CHD患者110例,均因CHD癥狀就診并完善冠狀動(dòng)脈造影檢查,根據(jù)冠狀動(dòng)脈造影結(jié)果將確診CHD的患者依據(jù)Gensini評(píng)分的中位數(shù)(52分)分為輕度狹窄組(A組≤52分,n=50)、中重度狹窄組(B組gt;52分,n=30),選取冠狀動(dòng)脈造影結(jié)果正常的30例為對(duì)照組(C組)。本研究經(jīng)本院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)(倫理審批號(hào):XYDWFYLSH-2022-042)?;颊呔炇鹆藭嬷橥鈺?。
1.1.1 樣本量計(jì)算 本研究為病例對(duì)照研究,兩組均數(shù)比較樣本量的計(jì)算利用公式 n=(Zα+Zβ)2·2σ2/δ2,α=0.05,檢驗(yàn)效能1-β=90%,多組均數(shù)比較直接運(yùn)用PASS 15.0軟件計(jì)算樣本量,根據(jù)前期預(yù)試驗(yàn)結(jié)果得出均數(shù)最小差值及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差,利用PASS 15.0軟件計(jì)算得到樣本量為90例,每組至少30例。
1.1.2 納入、排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)年齡≥18歲;(2)對(duì)照組為同期住院完善冠狀動(dòng)脈造影術(shù),確認(rèn)冠狀動(dòng)脈正常的患者;(3)CHD為通過冠狀動(dòng)脈造影檢查證實(shí)左主干、三大分支至少有一支或其主要分支直徑狹窄范圍≥50%。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)合并惡性腫瘤、精神分裂癥和心理疾??;(2)各種原因?qū)е碌男募〔?、急慢性心?nèi)膜炎及心肌炎;(3)肺源性心臟病、先天性心臟病、急慢性感染、血液病、自身免疫系統(tǒng)紊亂性疾??;(4)無法配合研究的患者。
1.2 基本資料 患者入院后收集相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù):(1)患者的性別、年齡、心率、血壓、體質(zhì)指數(shù)及是否有吸煙史(將吸煙量gt;1支/d定義為有吸煙史)。(2)病史:是否合并高血壓及糖尿病。(3)血液生化指標(biāo)檢查均由本院檢驗(yàn)科完成,左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(LVEF)檢查由本院心臟超聲科完成。(4)冠狀動(dòng)脈造影結(jié)果(冠狀動(dòng)脈病變部位及狹窄程度)。
1.3 血清Egr3、IL-6水平的測(cè)定 收集患者晨起空腹全血2 mL后室溫靜止30 min,1 500 r/min 離心30 min(離心半徑13.5 cm)后取上清液,保存在-80 ℃冰箱備用。實(shí)驗(yàn)試劑盒采用上海酶聯(lián)生物提供的ELISA試劑盒〔Egr3試劑盒(貨號(hào):ml622406)、IL-6試劑盒(貨號(hào):ml058097)〕,實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟均是按照說明書進(jìn)行,采用酶標(biāo)儀(型號(hào)K6600A,北京凱奧科技發(fā)展有限公司)在450 nm波長(zhǎng)依序測(cè)量吸光度(OD值)。
1.4 評(píng)估冠狀動(dòng)脈狹窄程度 利用Gensini評(píng)分對(duì)患者的冠狀動(dòng)脈狹窄程度賦分,該評(píng)分方法所得總分為每個(gè)病變代表的評(píng)分×體現(xiàn)病變位置在冠狀動(dòng)脈中重要性的權(quán)重系數(shù),可有效反應(yīng)病變程度及范圍,如表1所示[9-11]。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 采用SPSS 25.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件分析數(shù)據(jù),統(tǒng)計(jì)圖采用Graphpad Prism 5.0繪制。計(jì)量資料采用(x-±
s)描述,多組間比較采用ANOVA方差分析,組間兩兩比較采用LSD-t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以相對(duì)數(shù)表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn);采用Pearson相關(guān)分析探討Egr3與IL-6的關(guān)系,采用Spearman秩相關(guān)分析探討Egr3、IL-6與Gensini評(píng)分的相關(guān)性;繪制Egr3診斷CHD的受試者工作特征曲線(ROC曲線);采用多因素線性回歸分析探討Egr3與相關(guān)指標(biāo)的相關(guān)性。以Plt;0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 三組基線資料比較 三組性別、高血壓史、舒張壓及LVEF比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Plt;0.05);三組其他指標(biāo)比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Pgt;0.05),見表2。
2.2 三組Egr3、IL-6水平比較 三組Egr3、IL-6水平比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Plt;0.05);B組與A組血清Egr3水平均高于C組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Plt;0.05);A組與B組Egr3水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Pgt;0.05);B組IL-6水平高于A組和C組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Plt;0.05);A組和C組IL-6水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Pgt;0.05),見表3。
2.3 血清Egr3水平對(duì)CHD的診斷價(jià)值 Egr3水平診斷CHD的ROC曲線下面積為0.648,靈敏度為35.0%,特異度為93.3%,見圖1。
2.4 CHD患者Egr3與IL-6的相關(guān)性分析 CHD患者IL-6水平與Egr3呈正相關(guān)(r=0.231,Plt;0.01),見圖2。
2.5 CHD患者Egr3、IL-6水平與Gensini評(píng)分相關(guān)性 Egr3、IL-6水平與Gensini評(píng)分呈正相關(guān)(rs=0.390、0.317,Plt;0.01),見圖3~4。
2.6 以Egr3水平為因變量行多因素線性回歸分析 以血清Egr3水平(賦值:實(shí)測(cè)值)為因變量,以高血壓(有=1,無=0)、舒張壓(賦值:實(shí)測(cè)值)、左心室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(賦值:實(shí)測(cè)值)、Gensini評(píng)分(賦值:實(shí)測(cè)值)及IL-6水平(賦值:實(shí)測(cè)值)為自變量,進(jìn)行多因素線性回歸分析,結(jié)果顯示血清IL-6水平(B=21.33,t=4.251,Plt;0.01)、Gensini評(píng)分(B=0.253,t=2.486,P=0.015)與Egr3水平獨(dú)立相關(guān),見表4。
3 討論
CHD是常見的心血管疾病之一,其診治方法及策略也較為成熟,例如通過冠狀動(dòng)脈介入支架植入術(shù)或外科旁路移植術(shù)等可有效診治CHD患者,但即便如此,也不能降低CHD的發(fā)生率及心血管惡性事件的發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。眾所周知,CHD的發(fā)病是基因與環(huán)境多因素共同作用的結(jié)果,探索影響CHD發(fā)生發(fā)展的生物標(biāo)志物,研究早期診治CHD的實(shí)驗(yàn)室方法乃至靶向藥物,是當(dāng)前亟待解決的難題。因此,本課題組基于前期的研究及對(duì)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的學(xué)習(xí),探討了Egr3、IL-6與CHD及冠狀動(dòng)脈狹窄程度的關(guān)系,為CHD的診治提供有利證據(jù)。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,A組、B組及C組性別、高血壓比例、舒張壓及LVEF比較差異明顯,而血脂比較三組無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,A組、B組院外使用調(diào)脂藥物的病例數(shù)占總病例數(shù)的80%,故三組血脂水平無明顯差異的原因考慮與CHD患者因臨床癥狀在門診或院外使用調(diào)脂藥物治療的比例較高有關(guān),這有利于在炎癥水平進(jìn)一步探討Egr3、IL-6與CHD的相關(guān)性。Egr3為響應(yīng)多種有絲分裂信號(hào)而激活的鋅指結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子。至今為止,對(duì)Egr3的研究主要集中在神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育、癌癥、肌肉拉伸受體功能、調(diào)節(jié)纖維化過程、血管生成和免疫方面[12-14]。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),A組、B組Egr3高于C組,Egr3水平與冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化嚴(yán)重程度正相關(guān),表明Egr3與CHD的發(fā)病機(jī)制可能存在密切聯(lián)系,李霞等[8]、LI等[15]發(fā)現(xiàn)Egr3基因多態(tài)性在CHD的發(fā)病中發(fā)揮重要作用,動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化斑塊內(nèi)Egr3水平在模型小鼠中明顯升高,本研究結(jié)果與之類似。但是,本課題中B組與A組Egr3水平無顯著差異,考慮與B組樣本量較少相關(guān),且不能除外在CHD發(fā)生、發(fā)展過程中有其他因素影響調(diào)控Egr3表達(dá)的可能,課題組將就此進(jìn)行下一步研究。眾多文獻(xiàn)闡明了IL-6 在心血管疾病中的致動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化作用[16-20]。本研究中,IL-6水平B組高于A組和C組,而A組和C組無明顯統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異,IL-6與Gensini評(píng)分呈正相關(guān),進(jìn)一步表明IL-6在CHD的發(fā)病及疾病進(jìn)展中發(fā)揮作用,有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)IL-6與冠狀動(dòng)脈狹窄程度成正相關(guān),IL-6或?qū)⒊蔀镃HD治療的新靶點(diǎn)[21]。本研究結(jié)果與上述研究類似,但對(duì)照組與冠狀動(dòng)脈輕度狹窄組IL-6水平無顯著差異,考慮與本研究對(duì)照組樣本量不夠相關(guān),應(yīng)在下一步研究中加大樣本量進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證。
本研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),CHD患者Egr3水平與IL-6水平呈正相關(guān)(r=0.481,Plt;0.01)。有研究表明,Egr3作為轉(zhuǎn)錄因子在各種炎癥反應(yīng)的發(fā)生機(jī)制中起關(guān)鍵作用,Egr3對(duì)于B淋巴細(xì)胞和T淋巴細(xì)胞的增殖和炎癥反應(yīng)至關(guān)重要[22-23]。Egr3激活促炎細(xì)胞因子IL-6和IL-8的轉(zhuǎn)錄,以促進(jìn)前列腺癌的炎癥反應(yīng)[24]。Egr3在肺癌中促進(jìn)炎癥反應(yīng)的發(fā)生,充當(dāng)癌基因[25]。說明CHD的發(fā)生發(fā)展與Egr3、IL-6有密切關(guān)系。
對(duì)于CHD的早期診斷,IL-6及Egr3對(duì)CHD的診斷價(jià)值的研究較少。Egr3診斷CHD的ROC曲線下面積為0.648,靈敏度為35.0%,特異度為93.3%,Egr3水平作為診斷CHD及其嚴(yán)重程度的實(shí)驗(yàn)室指標(biāo)可能具有較好的可行性,需擴(kuò)大樣本量進(jìn)一步證實(shí)。結(jié)合血清Egr3與Gensini評(píng)分的正相關(guān)性,課題組將進(jìn)一步評(píng)估Egr3聯(lián)合其他炎癥指標(biāo)對(duì)CHD的診斷價(jià)值。
BARON等[26]證明Egr3基因可以調(diào)節(jié)100個(gè)與炎癥有關(guān)的基因表達(dá),其中許多基因映射到典型的炎癥通路上,例如 核因子κB(NF-κB )通路,NF-κB是一種炎癥調(diào)節(jié)蛋白[27],WIELAND等[28]研究發(fā)現(xiàn)Egr3和NF-κB可以作為調(diào)節(jié)各種炎癥基因的輔助因子,Egr3可以與完整細(xì)胞中的NF-κB亞基p65結(jié)合形成復(fù)合物,激活炎癥因子IL-2等的轉(zhuǎn)錄,促進(jìn)前列腺腫瘤細(xì)胞的表達(dá)。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在CHD患者Egr3表達(dá)與IL-6存在相關(guān)性,提示在CHD的發(fā)病機(jī)制中,Egr3可能在細(xì)胞NF-κB通路中發(fā)揮某種作用,激活炎癥因子的表達(dá),促進(jìn)炎癥反應(yīng)的發(fā)生,從而促進(jìn)動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的發(fā)生。Egr3可能是調(diào)節(jié)IL-6的上游標(biāo)志物,本課題組下一步將就此進(jìn)一步探討CHD中Egr3在炎癥信號(hào)通路中發(fā)揮的主要作用及機(jī)制。
綜上所述,Egr3、IL-6水平與CHD的發(fā)生發(fā)展關(guān)系密切,與CHD嚴(yán)重程度相關(guān),Egr3水平對(duì)CHD的診斷與病情判斷有一定預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值,為基層診療CHD提供一定幫助,需擴(kuò)大樣本量進(jìn)一步證實(shí),并對(duì)出院的CHD患者進(jìn)行隨訪。
作者貢獻(xiàn):祖姆熱提·阿布都克依木、李霞共同提出總體研究目標(biāo)的制定;朱凱瑞參與了實(shí)驗(yàn)過程并對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析管理;馬燕玲應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)、數(shù)學(xué)、計(jì)算分析整合了研究數(shù)據(jù);劉芳、朱凱瑞參與并進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)和數(shù)據(jù)收集;李霞對(duì)研究規(guī)劃和執(zhí)行進(jìn)行監(jiān)督和領(lǐng)導(dǎo);祖姆熱提·阿布都克依木進(jìn)行了文章撰寫。
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(收稿日期:2023-01-09;修回日期:2023-02-26)
(本文編輯:崔莎)