摘要:目的 "研究補(bǔ)骨益髓飲對(duì)骨質(zhì)疏松大鼠治療的作用機(jī)理。方法 "取60只大鼠建立骨質(zhì)疏松性骨折大鼠模型,采用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為試藥組、陽性對(duì)照組、模型組,各組30只。試藥組灌胃給予補(bǔ)骨益髓飲,陽性對(duì)照組灌胃給予睪酮,模型組給予等體積蒸餾水,另選取20只作為空白組。比較各組大鼠左側(cè)脛骨骨折部位骨密度值,觀察骨組織形態(tài)學(xué)變化。并檢測(cè)大鼠血清中前列腺素E2、前列環(huán)素變化、脛骨組織中基因和蛋白表達(dá)。結(jié)果 "模型組大鼠脛骨組織狀態(tài)較空白組變差,組織病理改變嚴(yán)重;與空白組比較,模型組大鼠血清中PGE2與PGI2均升高(P<0.05);與模型組比較,試藥組大鼠血清中PGE2和PGI2含量均降低(P<0.05)。陽性對(duì)照組與試藥組大鼠血清PGE2和PGI2水平比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);與空白組比較,模型組大鼠脛骨組織BMP2、TIMP1蛋白表達(dá)降低,試藥組大鼠脛骨組織TIMP1蛋白表達(dá)與模型組比較呈上升趨勢(shì)(P<0.05);與陽性對(duì)照組比較,蛋白表達(dá)增高(P<0.05);試藥組大鼠脛骨組織BMP2蛋白表達(dá)相對(duì)于模型組增加(P<0.05),與陽性對(duì)照組比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);與空白組比較,模型組大鼠脛骨組織BMP2、TIMP1基因表達(dá)下降,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);試藥組大鼠脛骨組織BMP2和TIMP1基因表達(dá)高于模型組和陽性對(duì)照組(P<0.05),陽性對(duì)照組大鼠脛骨組織BMP2和TIMP1基因表達(dá)均高于模型組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 "補(bǔ)骨益髓飲對(duì)骨質(zhì)疏松大鼠模型有一定的治療作用,相關(guān)機(jī)制可能與其抑制大鼠血清PGE2/PGI2水平,促進(jìn)BMP2/TIMP1基因及蛋白表達(dá),改善骨質(zhì)量有關(guān)。
關(guān)鍵詞:補(bǔ)骨益髓飲;骨質(zhì)疏松大鼠;骨折
中圖分類號(hào):R274 " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " "DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2023.24.006
文章編號(hào):1006-1959(2023)24-0037-05
Study on the Mechanism of Bugu Yisui Decoction in the Treatment of Osteoporosis Rats
WANG Wen-jian1,CHEN Zhi-yong2,WANG Bo-tao1,LI Hao-chen1
(Department of Orthopaedics1,Department of Pharmacy2,Tianjin Beichen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital,Tianjin 300400,China)
Abstract:Objective "To study the mechanism of Bugu Yisui decoction in the treatment of osteoporosis rats.Methods "A total of 60 rats were used to establish a rat model of osteoporotic fracture. They were divided into test group, positive control group and model group by random number table method, with 30 rats in each group. The test group was given Bugu Yisui decoction by gavage, the positive control group was given testosterone by gavage, and the model group was given equal volume of distilled water. Another 20 rats were selected as the blank group. The bone mineral density of the left tibia fracture site of each group was compared, and the morphological changes of bone tissue were observed. The changes of prostaglandin E2 and prostacyclin in serum, gene and protein expression in tibia tissue were detected.Results "The tibial tissue status of the model group was worse than that of the blank group, and the histopathological changes were serious. Compared with the blank group, PGE2 and PGI2 in the serum of the model group were increased (Plt;0.05). Compared with the model group, the contents of serum PGE2 and PGI2 of rats in the test group were decreased (Plt;0.05). There was no significant difference in serum PGE2 and PGI2 levels between the positive control group and the test group (Pgt;0.05). Compared with the blank group, the expression of BMP2 and TIMP1 protein in the tibial tissue of the model group decreased, and the expression of TIMP1 protein in the tibial tissue of the test group increased compared with the model group (Plt;0.05). Compared with the positive control group, the protein expression was increased (Plt;0.05). Compared with the model group, the expression of BMP2 protein in the tibia tissue of the rats in the test group was increased (Plt;0.05), and there was no significant difference compared with the positive control group (Pgt;0.05). Compared with the blank group, the expression of BMP2 and TIMP1 genes in the tibia tissue of the model group decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (Plt;0.05). The gene expression of BMP2 and TIMP1 in tibia tissue of rats in the test drug group was higher than that in the model group and the positive control group (Plt;0.05), and the gene expression of BMP2 and TIMP1 in tibia tissue of rats in the positive control group was higher than that in the model group (Plt;0.05).Conclusion "Bugu Yisui decoction has a certain therapeutic effect on osteoporosis rat model, and the related mechanism may be related to its inhibition of serum PGE2/PGI2 level, promotion of BMP2/TIMP1 gene and protein expression, and improvement of bone quality.
Key words:Bugu Yisui decoction;Osteoporosis rats;Fracture
骨質(zhì)疏松癥(Osteoporosis)被稱為“骨重塑”,是一種全身性骨骼疾病,包括骨量減少和骨組織微結(jié)構(gòu)退化,導(dǎo)致骨衰弱和骨折易感性增加。女性在50歲或以上時(shí)開始失去骨量,骨質(zhì)疏松癥的發(fā)生率是男性的4倍,骨質(zhì)減少的發(fā)生率是男性的2倍,骨折年齡比男性年輕5~10歲[1,2]。安全有效的治療方法有助于減輕社會(huì)骨骼健康疾病日益加重的公共負(fù)擔(dān)。中醫(yī)藥在治療骨質(zhì)疏松性骨折方面具有一定的優(yōu)勢(shì)。有研究表明[3],補(bǔ)骨益髓飲對(duì)圍絕經(jīng)期婦女骨質(zhì)疏松有很好的治療效果,但對(duì)治療骨質(zhì)疏松性骨折鮮有報(bào)道。本研究建立了骨質(zhì)疏松性骨折大鼠模型,以觀察本方的治療效果及機(jī)理,現(xiàn)將結(jié)果報(bào)道如下。
1材料與方法
1.1實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物 "健康雄性SD大鼠80只,平均體重(180±20)g,鼠齡6~8周,購自北京華阜康生物科技股份有限公司,動(dòng)物生產(chǎn)許可證號(hào)為SCXK(京)2019-0008/動(dòng)物質(zhì)量合格證號(hào)110322221104126610。在光照12 h/d的環(huán)境中喂養(yǎng)大鼠1周。實(shí)驗(yàn)經(jīng)北辰中醫(yī)院動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),批準(zhǔn)文號(hào)為BS20210510-1。
1.2主要試劑與儀器 "中藥材均購自北辰中醫(yī)院;Masson染色試劑盒、HE染色試劑盒、PEG 2 Elisa試劑盒、RIPA裂解液購自索萊寶科技有限公司;PGI 2 Elisa試劑盒購自上海酶聯(lián)生物科技有限公司;mRNA逆轉(zhuǎn)錄引物購自金唯智生物科技有限公司;BCA蛋白濃度測(cè)定試劑盒購自碧云天生物;熒光定量PCR檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)來自博日科技有限公司;超微量分光光度計(jì)NanoPhotometer NP80來自德國(guó)IMPLEN;PCR儀Arhat 96來自Monad。
1.3方法
1.3.1補(bǔ)骨益髓飲制備 "補(bǔ)骨益髓飲為天津市北辰區(qū)中醫(yī)醫(yī)院研發(fā)的院內(nèi)協(xié)議處方,由丹參30 g,淫羊藿、煅龍骨、煅牡蠣各20 g,鹿角膠、懷牛膝、續(xù)斷、熟地、補(bǔ)骨脂、骨碎補(bǔ)、乳香、沒藥、山藥各10 g組成,按方稱取,常規(guī)水煎后去渣取汁。
1.3.2建模分組及處理 "隨機(jī)抽取60只大鼠建立骨質(zhì)疏松性骨折大鼠模型,同時(shí)選取20只大鼠作為空白組。經(jīng)腹腔麻醉,暴露大鼠雙側(cè)睪丸并手術(shù)切除,同時(shí)于頸部皮下注射D-半乳糖(100 mg/kg),8周后將大鼠隨機(jī)分為3組,其中試藥組20只,灌胃給予補(bǔ)骨益髓飲[5 ml/(kg·d)];陽性對(duì)照組20只,灌胃給予睪酮[2 ml/(kg·d)];模型組20只,同一時(shí)間給于等體積蒸餾水,共干預(yù)18周。暴露18周后,腹腔注射水合氯醛麻醉,腹主動(dòng)脈取血,分離血清備用,取骨折處脛骨組織備用。
1.3.3 HE及Masson染色觀察 "取部分骨折處脛骨,液氮速凍15 s,石蠟包埋固定,冷凍切片機(jī)切片。取股骨組織切片固定,蘇木素-伊紅染色,乙醇脫水,二甲苯透明,干燥,中性樹膠封片,光學(xué)顯微鏡下觀察大鼠股骨組織細(xì)胞形態(tài)并拍攝照片。取股骨組織切片,乙醇脫蠟至水,蘇木素-麗春紅染色,磷鉬酸處理,苯胺藍(lán)染色,分化脫水,二甲苯透明,中性樹膠封片,光學(xué)顯微鏡下鏡檢[4,5]。
1.3.4 ELISA檢測(cè) "血清前列腺素E2、前列環(huán)素含量取大鼠血清,按照PGE2、PGI2試劑盒說明書進(jìn)行操作。用酶標(biāo)儀在波長(zhǎng)450 nm處測(cè)定吸光度(OD值),通過標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線計(jì)算各組組大鼠血清樣本中PGE2、PGI2的濃度[6]。
1.3.5 Western blot分析TIMP 1、BMP 2蛋白的表達(dá)情況 "稱取各組大鼠的左側(cè)股骨組織100 mg,加入1 ml RIPA裂解液,組織研磨進(jìn)行勻漿得到組織勻漿液,TRIzol提取組織總蛋白,BCA法進(jìn)行蛋白定量,上樣,凝膠電泳30 min,轉(zhuǎn)膜,封閉,加入一抗4 ℃孵育過夜,洗膜,室溫孵育二抗,顯色成像,用Image J進(jìn)行灰度值分析,內(nèi)參對(duì)照為β-actin。
1.3.6 RT-qPCR實(shí)驗(yàn)TIMP 1、BMP 2 mRNA轉(zhuǎn)錄水平檢測(cè) "稱取各組大鼠的左側(cè)股骨組織100 mg,液氮急凍,加入TRIzol,氯仿抽提,取水相,異丙醇沉淀,晾干[7]。稀釋RNA(約1000 ng/μl),作為PCR反應(yīng)模板,嚴(yán)格按照MonScriptTM RTIII ALL-in-One MIX with dsDNase試劑盒說明書進(jìn)行逆轉(zhuǎn)錄。使用Stepone軟件讀取各PCR反應(yīng)Ct值,使用目的基因的Ct值減去內(nèi)參基因的Ct值,得到△Ct;用試藥組△Ct減去空白組的△Ct均值,得到△△Ct。使用2-△△Ct計(jì)算相對(duì)于空白組,試藥組基因的表達(dá)變化,見表1。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 "采用Quantity one 4.6.8軟件對(duì)Western blotting、RT-PCR等實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果進(jìn)行灰度值分析,采用方差分析法對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異檢測(cè)。使用SPSS 22.0對(duì)相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)施以統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料的表達(dá)采用(x±s),使用t檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1病理學(xué)檢測(cè) "HE/Masson染色結(jié)果見圖1,空白組大鼠模型脛骨組織整體結(jié)構(gòu)基本正常,骨皮質(zhì)較厚。模型組大鼠模型脛骨組織整體結(jié)構(gòu)異常,骨皮質(zhì)變薄,網(wǎng)狀骨骨小梁數(shù)目及體積減少,空隙增加,膠原纖維明顯變少。試藥組和陽性對(duì)照組大鼠模型脛骨組織整體結(jié)構(gòu)輕度異常,部分骨小梁生長(zhǎng),骨皮質(zhì)和骨小梁形態(tài)特征較好,且膠原纖維有明顯的改善且排列有序。
2.2補(bǔ)骨益髓飲對(duì)去勢(shì)骨質(zhì)疏松性骨折模型大鼠血清中PGE2和PGI2的影響 "與空白組比較,模型組大鼠血清中PGE2與PGI2均升高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),說明造模成功。與模型組比較,試藥組大鼠血清中PGE2和PGI2含量均降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);與陽性對(duì)照組比較,試藥組大鼠血清中PGE2和PGI2水平均比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見表2。
2.3補(bǔ)骨益髓飲對(duì)脛骨組織BMP 2、TIMP 1蛋白表達(dá)的影響 "與空白組比較,模型組大鼠脛骨組織BMP 2、TIMP 1蛋白表達(dá)降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),提示造模成功。試藥組大鼠脛骨組織TIMP 1蛋白表達(dá)與模型組比較呈上升趨勢(shì),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);與陽性對(duì)照組比較,蛋白表達(dá)增高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);試藥組大鼠脛骨組織BMP 2蛋白表達(dá)相對(duì)于模型組增加,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),與陽性對(duì)照組比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見表3、圖2。
2.4補(bǔ)骨益髓飲對(duì)大鼠脛骨組織BMP 2、TIMP 1基因表達(dá)的影響 "與空白組比較,模型組大鼠脛骨組織BMP 2、TIMP 1基因表達(dá)下降,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),提示造模成功。試藥組大鼠脛骨組織BMP2和TIMP1基因表達(dá),相對(duì)于模型組和睪酮組,有明顯增加,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。睪酮組大鼠脛骨組織BMP 2和TIMP 1基因表達(dá)與模型組比較均呈升高趨勢(shì),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表4。
3討論
補(bǔ)骨益髓飲方以補(bǔ)肝益腎、健脾益髓、強(qiáng)筋壯骨、活血化瘀、通經(jīng)活絡(luò)為治療原則[8]。其中多項(xiàng)中藥的成分分別具有成骨活性,可調(diào)節(jié)成骨細(xì)胞生成和破骨細(xì)胞生成,或可調(diào)節(jié)免疫系統(tǒng)和炎性疾病[9],或達(dá)到滋陰補(bǔ)血、消腫生肌的作用[10-12]。因此本研究觀察補(bǔ)骨益髓飲治療骨質(zhì)疏松骨折模型大鼠具有可行性。
本研究通過切除大鼠雙側(cè)睪丸構(gòu)建骨質(zhì)疏松骨折大鼠模型。通過對(duì)大鼠骨密度檢測(cè)及骨組織形態(tài)觀察,提示大鼠模型構(gòu)建成功。進(jìn)行干預(yù)后病理結(jié)果顯示,經(jīng)補(bǔ)骨益髓飲和睪酮治療的大鼠,脛骨組織整體結(jié)構(gòu)狀態(tài)好轉(zhuǎn),骨皮質(zhì)加厚,網(wǎng)狀骨骨小梁數(shù)目及體積有增加,膠原纖維增加,提示補(bǔ)骨益髓飲治療大鼠骨質(zhì)疏松有確切作用。
前列腺素是影響骨代謝的關(guān)鍵調(diào)節(jié)因素,PGE2可以激活感覺神經(jīng)中的PGE2受體4(EP4),通過中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)抑制交感神經(jīng)活動(dòng)來調(diào)節(jié)骨吸收和骨形成,PGI2是花生四烯酸在環(huán)加氧酶和PGI的作用下衍生的主要產(chǎn)物之一,也通過激活PGI上調(diào)cAMP 2受體,有促進(jìn)骨形成作用[13-15]。同時(shí)PGI2也可能在維持正常骨量和微結(jié)構(gòu)方面起到調(diào)節(jié)作用,其均在骨密度降低時(shí)增加。本研究對(duì)各組大鼠血清中PGE2、PGI2含量進(jìn)行測(cè)定,模型組含量均高于空白組,提示造模成功。經(jīng)過治療后,補(bǔ)骨益髓飲組大鼠PGE2、PGI2水平均產(chǎn)生的抑制作用,含量相對(duì)于模型組均下降,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。說明補(bǔ)骨益髓飲可通過調(diào)節(jié)PGE2、PGI2表達(dá)來影響骨組織的形成。
BMP 2在成年期的骨重塑和體內(nèi)平衡中起重要作用,BMP 2可形成同源或異二聚體,然后通過與相應(yīng)的受體、BMP I型和BMP II型受體的復(fù)合物結(jié)合,激活導(dǎo)致成骨細(xì)胞的信號(hào)通路,對(duì)成骨細(xì)胞向成熟成骨細(xì)胞的分化有積極影響[16-18]。TIMP 1在多種人體細(xì)胞和組織中普遍表達(dá),在成骨細(xì)胞和間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞的成骨中起重要作用,是成骨細(xì)胞或間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞成骨分化的正調(diào)節(jié)因子[19]。TIMP 1和BMP 2刺激的成骨細(xì)胞前的成骨分化增加可以在基因表達(dá)或蛋白質(zhì)水平上顯示[20]。本研究中,相對(duì)于空白組,模型組BMP 2和TIMP 1的蛋白及基因表達(dá)水平均下降,表明造模成功。經(jīng)補(bǔ)骨益髓飲治療后,大鼠脛骨組織中BMP 2和TIMP 1表達(dá)水平上升,甚至達(dá)到優(yōu)于陽性對(duì)照藥物睪酮的效果,初步闡明補(bǔ)骨益髓飲對(duì)骨質(zhì)疏松大鼠模型的治療作用較明顯,但其更為詳細(xì)的機(jī)制闡明還需要更深入的展開。
綜上所述,補(bǔ)骨益髓飲能顯著抑制骨質(zhì)疏松模型PGE2/PGI2的水平,促進(jìn)BMP 2/TIMP 1基因及蛋白表達(dá),對(duì)骨質(zhì)疏松大鼠模型有一定的治療作用,相關(guān)機(jī)制可能與其抑制炎癥,改善骨質(zhì)量有關(guān)。
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]Elonheimo H,Lange R,Tolonen H,et al.Environmental substances associated with osteoporosis-A scoping review[J].International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,2021,18(2):738.
[2]Laskou F,Patel HP,Cooper C,et al.A pas de deux of osteoporosis and sarcopenia: osteosarcopenia[J].Climacteric,2022,25(1):88-95.
[3]孫凱,魏戌,謝雁鳴.補(bǔ)骨生髓方對(duì)去勢(shì)骨質(zhì)疏松大鼠Smad/ERK信號(hào)通路的影響[J].中國(guó)骨質(zhì)疏松雜志,2019,20(11):250-253.
[4]Bi Z,Zhang W,Yan X.Anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory effects of icariin and icaritin[J].Biomedicine amp; Pharmacotherapy,2022,151:113180.
[5]郭文清.骨疏顆粒對(duì)骨質(zhì)疏松大鼠骨代謝指標(biāo)及炎癥因子的影響[D].昆明:云南中醫(yī)學(xué)院,2016.
[6]Ren Y,Song X,Tan L,et al.A Review of the Pharmacological Properties of Psoralen[J].Front Pharmacol,2020,11:571535.
[7]章軼立,魏戌,謝雁鳴,等.基于整合藥理學(xué)策略探究補(bǔ)腎活血法治療骨質(zhì)疏松癥作用機(jī)制——以補(bǔ)骨脂-三七藥對(duì)為例[J].中國(guó)實(shí)驗(yàn)方劑學(xué)雜志,2018,24(21):163-169.
[8]Li ZM,Xu SW,PQ L.Salvia miltiorrhiza Burge (Danshen): a golden herbal medicine in cardiovascular therapeutics[J].Acta Pharmacol Sin,2018,39(5):802-824.
[9]劉明玉.二仙補(bǔ)骨湯治療絕經(jīng)后骨質(zhì)疏松癥的臨床療效及對(duì)BGP的影響[D].哈爾濱:黑龍江中醫(yī)藥大學(xué),2021.
[10]Tay J,Barbier V,Helwani FM,et al.Prostacyclin is an endosteal bone marrow niche component and its clinical analog lloprost protects hematopoietic stem cell potential during stress[J].Stem Cells,2021,39(11):1532-1545.
[11]章軼立,唐彬,姜俊杰,等.整合藥理學(xué)視角下的骨碎補(bǔ)治療骨質(zhì)疏松癥作用機(jī)制研究[J].中國(guó)中藥雜志,2018,43(20):4125-4131.
[12]Ingwersen LC,F(xiàn)rank M,Naujokat H,et, al.BMP-2 long-term stimulation of human pre-osteoblasts induces osteogenic differentiation and promotes transdifferentiation and bone remodeling processes[J].International Journal of Molecular Sciences,2022,23(6):3077.
[13]劉梅潔,吳佳瑩,李艷,等.左歸丸對(duì)骨質(zhì)疏松癥模型大鼠鐵過載的影響[J].中醫(yī)雜志,2018,59(9):777-780.
[14]黃思敏,陳志,張麗,等.加味補(bǔ)陽還五湯對(duì)去卵巢大鼠骨質(zhì)疏松癥的影響[J].中藥新藥與臨床藥理,2021,32(7):932-938.
[15]張峻瑋,李琰,薛海鵬,等.骨碎補(bǔ)經(jīng)骨髓間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞調(diào)節(jié)OPG/RANKL/RANK通路抑制破骨細(xì)胞的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究[J].中國(guó)骨質(zhì)疏松雜志,2019,25(5):617-624.
[16]Liu GF,Wang ZQ,Liu L,et al.A network meta-analysis on theshort-term efficacy and adverse events of different antiosteoporosis drugs for the treatment of postmenopausalosteoporosis[J].Journal of Cell Biochemistry,2018,119(6):4469-4481.
[17]仝昭方,王慶志,唐洪濤,等.GM6001對(duì)激素性股骨頭壞死大鼠組織形態(tài)學(xué)與基因表達(dá)的影響[J].海南醫(yī)學(xué),2017,28(15):2409-2413.
[18]劉志文.艾可清顆粒抑制破骨細(xì)胞分化改善去卵巢大鼠骨丟失的作用機(jī)制研究[D].廣州:廣州中醫(yī)藥大學(xué),2021.
[19]曹端廣.加味陽和湯對(duì)腎陽虛型骨質(zhì)疏松模型鼠的抗骨質(zhì)疏松作用及機(jī)制研究[D].南昌:江西中醫(yī)藥大學(xué),2020.
[20]Oichi T,Taniguchi Y,Soma K,et al.Adamts17 is involved in skeletogenesis through modulation of BMP-Smad1 /5 /8 pathway[J].Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences,2019,76(23):4795-4809.
收稿日期:2023-02-10;修回日期:2023-02-19
編輯/肖婷婷