淺談《中華人民共和國新時代公民道德建設(shè)實(shí)施綱要》對當(dāng)代大學(xué)生的價值指引與建議

陳妍舟

摘 要：《中華人民共和國新時代公民道德建設(shè)實(shí)施綱要》立足于中國特色社會主義新時代的歷史背景，闡釋了公民道德建設(shè)的諸多新義，結(jié)合中國特色社會主義新時代的社會轉(zhuǎn)型背景闡釋了當(dāng)代中國公民道德建設(shè)的新形勢下，實(shí)現(xiàn)中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)道德文化的創(chuàng)新性現(xiàn)代轉(zhuǎn)化開掘其世界意義的文化使命;在我們知道，個體道德品格的養(yǎng)成需要理論和實(shí)踐的共同作用，涉及個體、家庭、團(tuán)體和國家，其最終目的就是過“美好生活”。公民道德建設(shè)就是在促成這種“美好生活”。大學(xué)生是即將產(chǎn)生重要社會影響力的人才，道德教育和道德治理在高等教育中發(fā)揮著重要作用。在高等教育中切實(shí)落實(shí)《新時代公民道德建設(shè)實(shí)施綱要》，首先需要對其進(jìn)行理論分析，理解其戰(zhàn)略意義和整體規(guī)劃。在此基礎(chǔ)上，分析當(dāng)代大學(xué)生應(yīng)怎樣實(shí)踐落實(shí)，從而更好地發(fā)揮《新時代公民道德建設(shè)實(shí)施綱要》的治理效能。

關(guān)鍵詞：道德建設(shè);新時代;大學(xué)生道德教育;網(wǎng)絡(luò)道德;倫理道德

On the Value Guidance and Suggestions of the "Implementation Outline of the Construction of Citizen Morality in the New Era of the People's Republic of China" to Contemporary College Students

Chen Yanzhou

（School of Management， Northwest University for Nationalities， Lanzhou， Gansu， China 730124）

Abstract： the law of the People's Republic of China on the new era of citizen morals construction implement outline of Chinese characteristic socialism historical background of the new era， explains many of the new meanings of citizen moral construction， combined with the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the background of social transformation of citizen moral construction in contemporary China under the new situation， realize innovative modern conversion of Chinese excellent traditional moral culture dig the cultural mission of world significance; As we know， the cultivation of individual moral character needs the joint action of theory and practice， involving individuals， families， groups and countries， and its ultimate goal is to live a "good life". Civic moral construction is to promote such a "good life". College students are the talents who are about to produce important social influence. Moral education and moral governance play an important role in higher education. In order to implement the Outline of the Implementation of the Construction of Citizen Morality in the New Era in higher education， we first need to analyze it theoretically and understand its strategic significance and overall planning. On this basis， this paper analyzes how contemporary college students should practice and implement， so as to better play the governance effectiveness of the Implementation Outline of the Construction of Citizen Morality in the New Era.

Key words： moral construction; New era; College students moral education; Network morality; Ethical and moral

On October 27， 2019， the central committee of the communist party of China under the State Council issued the law of the People's Republic of China on the new era of citizen moral reconstruction implementation summary "（hereinafter referred to as the" new outline "）， which is the central committee of the communist party of China on September 20， 2001 of the State Council promulgated the citizen moral reconstruction implementation summary "of the People's Republic of China （hereinafter referred to as the outline）， citizen moral construction problem again after 18 years of important documents. On citizen moral construction of the basic nature of marxism， socialism with Chinese characteristics and the direction， the main content and practice of citizen moral construction measures， etc.， the new guidelines are keep highly consistent with the outline， however， the new guidelines based on Chinese characteristics socialist new era of the new era background， it is bound to face citizen moral construction new historical mission and task， the specific content of citizen moral construction and practical measures are also different due to the new era requires. Therefore， the New Outline contains multiple "new meanings". Based on the "new situation" in the dimension of the era background， it puts forward a new goal of the construction of civic morality. It not only has the new expansion in the moral content， but also has put forward the new measure in the citizen moral construction practice.

一、New era： the new situation of the construction of civic morality in the period of social transformation

Both the Outline and the New Outline reveal the fact of social transformation and social moral anomies in contemporary China from the dimension of the construction of civic morality， and on the basis of this background illustrate the necessity and urgency of the construction of civic morality in the new era. The Outline was promulgated after the 15th National Congress of the Communist Party of China （CPC） and before the 16th National Congress. At that time， the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics was facing the turn of the century， and the third step of the overall strategy of a well-off society had just begun. The leadership of the Communist Party of China has made clear the basic program for the primary stage of socialism with Chinese characteristics， and clearly put forward that the goal of China's economic reform is to establish a socialist market economic system. From the perspective of moral construction， promulgated the outline， while the mainstream of our country citizen moral is upward， to the good， but in the construction of the socialist market economy， some areas， some places have serious moral anomie， money worship， hedonism， extreme individualism is growing， cynical， enrich themselves， do not speak credit， fraud， become a public nuisance， abuse power for personal gains， the phenomenon of corruption is serious， the phenomenon has become a harm normal economic and social order as well as the reform and development of the general situation of the important social problems. Under this situation， how to strengthen the construction of socialist legal system， rule of law at the same time， strengthen the socialist morality construction， the construction of legal system and moral construction， combining the rule of law and managing state affairs by ethics and by the deepening and expansion of citizen moral construction， the formation and development of the socialist market economy gradually adapt to the socialist moral system， becomes the promulgated the outline of the our country society forced facing the extremely important and urgent problem.

The promulgation of the New Program coincided with the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics into a new era. On the one hand， "since modern times， the Chinese nation， which had endured so much for so long， has made a great leap forward： it has stood up， grown rich and become strong， and it has embraced the bright prospects for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation."On the other hand， "this new era is an era for building on past achievements， building on past achievements， and striving for the great victory of socialism with Chinese characteristics under new historical conditions. It is an era for securing a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects， and for building a great modern socialist country in all respects."The most important thing is that， in the new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics， there has been a fundamental transformation： social principal contradictions of our country's nineteenth congress of the communist party of China， on the judgment of the social principal contradictions of our country has been in 1981 of the sixth plenary session of the 11th through "about since the founding of the party's resolution on certain questions in the history of this as the criterion， namely：" after the socialist transformation completed， to solve the principal contradiction in our country， is the people's growing material and cultural needs and the contradiction between the backward social production."After nearly 40 years of rapid development， backward social production is no longer the main problem in Chinese society： "The principal contradiction in Chinese society has been transformed into the contradiction between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people's ever-growing needs for a better life."

It is not difficult to see that the two Outline were both issued when contemporary Chinese society was in a specific transition period. The former was the transition period from planned economy to market economy， while the latter was the transition period of the main contradiction in contemporary Chinese society. From the reality of social development in contemporary China， two promulgated the outline of the social transformation is the great transformation of contemporary Chinese society under the background of two small transition： since the founding of new China， China's socialist construction practice， especially since the late 1970 s reform and opening up has led to the great transformation of contemporary Chinese society， namely the economic model dimension transformation from planned economy to market economy， culture and value dimensions of modern society to modern society transformation once upon a time， and at the beginning of the modern society when it has not yet completed the backward social transformation of modernity; From the perspective of industry and technology， China's social transformation is from an agricultural society to an industrial society， and when the social transformation has not been completely completed， it begins to transform into an information society and a digital society， and takes a leading position in the development of information， digitization， especially digitization. The development history of world civilization shows that any country， region or nation， in its social transformation period， must be accompanied by a specific ethical culture， moral value level of profound changes. Through a careful analysis of the historical background of the two compendium， it is not difficult to find that both compendium are aimed at the social moral anomie in the specific social transformation period， and they both highlight the necessity and urgency of the construction of civic morality in the interpretation and solution of the social moral anomie. However， according to two promulgated the outline of the two different transition period of the specific case， 2001 promulgated the outline for the major in the construction of the socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics is citizen moral problems， so make sure the healthy development of socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics is the key to the development of the Chinese society at that time. At the time of promulgation of the New Outline in 2019， China is facing the following background： on the one hand， new issues of civic morality in the market economy need to be solved urgently; On the other hand， China also faces the new mission of continuing to promote its cultural development and enhance its cultural image in the world after its great success in the economic field. The new guidelines also contained in inheriting and carrying forward Chinese excellent traditional moral culture， on the basis of the modern transformation in search of its innovative， in the construction of citizen morality not only realize the contemporary practice of traditional virtue in China into the road， and road in China， the Chinese wisdom， Chinese plan dimensions of world significance of Chinese excellent traditional moral culture. In this sense， the New Outline dynamically interprets the cultural trend and the mission of The Times of the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics.

二、Personal morality： the new focal point of the construction of civic morality

In terms of the content of the construction of civil morality， the new outline is basically the same as the outline， which reflects the consistency of people's understanding of morality and its theoretical construction as well as the consistency of people's understanding of the basic direction and principles of the construction of civil morality. The outline clearly put forward the socialist citizen moral construction should adhere to the thought to serve the people as the core， collectivism as the principle， in order to love the motherland， love people， love Labour， love science， love socialism as the basic requirement， and established the social morality， professional morality and family virtue the basic focus of citizen moral construction in our country. On this basis， the New Outline expands： it clarifies the fourth focal point of the construction of civic morality -- individual morality. In fact， in the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China， it was clearly proposed to strengthen the construction of personal morality in the construction of civic morality.

From the perspective of the current social morality， great achievements have been made in the construction of socialism with Chinese characteristics since the founding of the People's Republic of China. People's living standards and moral standards have also been greatly improved. It should be said that the mainstream of social morality development has always been upward and toward goodness. However， in some areas and at some levels， some individuals' performance is contrary to the mainstream of the society， resulting in a relatively bad moral impact. Such as the market economy in the field of counterfeiting， selling counterfeits， social governance in the field of official corruption， the absence of public ethics in the field of international exchanges， and so on. The new outline also specifically calls for the implementation of an action plan for the civilized quality of Chinese citizens in tourism， which is aimed at the uncivilized behavior of many Chinese people abroad who do not pay attention to public ethics， especially not abiding by local culture and customs. Here， the New Outline puts forward the direction and practical path of the construction of civic morality from the perspective of international communication， which not only clarifies the new moral problems faced by socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era， but also clarifies the new meaning of the New Outline for the understanding of the construction of civic morality from the dimension of the world significance of Chinese culture.

三、Moral Construction in Cyberspace and Guidance of Hot Issues in the Moral Field： New Measures under the Situation of New Media in Society

Contemporary Chinese society is a new medium of social， represented by the Internet， based on big data platform， digital technology and new media， mobile terminals， not only in People's Daily life has become the most convenient utility， has become a profound change people's behavior and way of life， knowledge acquisition methods and ways of thinking， and even the strongest weapon of social culture way. It can be said that in the current new media-oriented society， how to correctly understand new media and how to correctly deal with various problems in new media has become one of the most important issues in contemporary Chinese society. In view of the new media of contemporary Chinese society， the Outline proposes to strengthen the moral construction in cyberspace and the guidance of hot issues in the moral field.

On the one hand， it is necessary to strengthen the content construction in cyberspace through the implementation of network content construction projects， so as to make the positive energy of the network become the mainstream of the cyberspace. On the basis of strengthening Internet management， a good network moral environment should be created. On the other hand， it is necessary to strengthen the cultivation of civilized self-discipline behavior in cyberspace by cultivating network ethics and network morality that conform to the law of Internet development and reflect the requirements of socialist spiritual civilization construction. We should not only resolutely crack down on the harmful information dissemination， but also take effective measures to prevent Internet addiction and addiction. Especially need to be aware that in a highly mediated society， network space does not mean that the moral construction in the field of people's real life outside of the moral construction， because of an important symbol of new social media is represented by Internet space vector space and the height of the fusion between social reality， which is the online space of offline and online to offline space. The current network space is a public life platform that is highly similar to the real life space， which means that the construction of network morality is not only aimed at the moral problems in the network space. The moral problems in the network space are essentially the moral problems in the real society that we need to correctly interpret and solve.

四、Suggestions and countermeasures for college students to implement the "new outline"

The moral education of college students in the new era should seek nourishment in the task of building a beautiful China and achieve transformation and development. The New Outline emphasizes the importance of studying Marxism， carrying forward advanced models and attaching importance to the excellent traditional Chinese culture. It has become the focal point of strengthening the epochal character of the content of civic moral education. It provides the fundamental follow for the moral construction of college students in the new era， effectively deepens the guidance of moral education and enriches the resources of moral education.

1. Cultivate college students' moral ideals with Marxism. The Marxist moral view is the most important component in the socialist moral system. Marxism-related courses will be offered to optimize the training path for young Marxists. Institutions of higher learning should take moral cultivation as the foundation of education and cultivate firm young Marxists in the new era. First of all， we should stick to the correct direction of running schools. Institutions of higher learning should carry out ideal and faith education， train a solid advocate of marxism， and cultivate the ideological and moral character of college students with marxist moral view. Abide by the law of college students' moral cognition， strengthen the background of college students' core literacy education， consciously internalize the theoretical achievements of sinicization of marxism in mind and externalize in practice. Secondly， improve the talent training system in colleges and universities. We should carry out the main responsibility of training young Marxists， establish a joint education system， pay attention to learning through learning， optimize the training system of teaching materials， improve the comprehensive quality of young Marxists， grasp the new platform of moral education for college students， and help them realize lofty moral ideals. Finally， innovative training methods. Grasp the physical and mental characteristics of college students， give play to the synergistic effect of key training and universal education， give play to the peer effect， increase the display and demonstration role of key training objects， and drive college students to realize self-education by point and area.

2. Leading the moral trend of college students with advanced models. The New Outline emphasizes that it is necessary to highlight the height of moral education and become an important starting point to lead the ideological and moral construction of college students by "carefully selecting advanced models of The Times and moral models". Institutions of higher learning should carry out a series of activities of advanced typical entering campus. One is to carry forward the positive energy， and promote the typical demonstration effect， make full use of party organizations at all levels of institutions of higher learning， and the student role， establish a coordination mechanism， various departments launched WeChat， weibo recommend platform， online recommendation， the selection and set up a batch of "the good teacher in my mind""ten best learn good youth" lei feng "learn from lei feng advanced deeds" and so on the typical， make university students found that the typical "bole"， strengthening the typical impression of college students. Second， expand ways to promote typical education "see every day". Make full use of the main channel function of campus news media， let all kinds of typical from the Internet， to the heart of college students. Opens column topics such as "role models"， makes use of new media to introduce advanced models on a regular basis， and makes comprehensive use of special programs， story reports and publicity reports to improve the influence rate of the effect. Innovation of ideological and political theory course teaching， the use of resources， the organization typical model on the platform， with college students face to face communication， to enhance college students around the typical perception， revitalize the thought politics theory class teaching mode， methods， enable students to zero distance from feelings of moral character， moral models ascending to morality， and stress moral foundation. The third is to inspire awe and guide typical characters to "respect everywhere". To eulogize the advanced model to become a fashion. The new outline clearly states that "advanced models should be respected and praised， and advanced models should be cared for" to maintain their image. Colleges and universities should train college students to dare to fight against the actions that slander heroes in the society， and make all kinds of moral models become "idols" in the hearts of college students and "web celebrity" in the new era. It is good at making use of important time nodes， emphasizing commendation， promoting good people to become "celebrities"， guiding college students to correctly treat heroes and history， and forming a virtuous circle of courtesy， virtue and honor in colleges and universities.

3. Cultivate college students' character with traditional excellent culture. As a Chinese saying goes， "To abandon tradition and root is to cut off one's spiritual lifeline." The fine traditional Chinese culture is the spiritual dimension of Chinese history， and it is a heavy historical accumulation and precious spiritual wealth. As the main position of education， colleges and universities should base themselves on the excellent traditional Chinese culture and cultivate the traditional virtues of college students. First， strengthen moral ideals. Traditional Chinese virtues are rich in life philosophy and moral norms， which are the vivid teaching materials for college students to carry out moral education. Colleges and universities should implant the moral thoughts such as benevolence， justice， propriety， wisdom and trustworthiness in the traditional Chinese virtues into the ideological consciousness and moral concept of college students， cultivate them to form noble moral ideal， gather the power of virtue to do good， shape the noble spirit and noble personality of college students， and thus consolidate the ideological and moral foundation of society. Second， form moral habits. Institutions of higher learning should establish an imperceptible mechanism of education， and integrate the practice of excellent traditional Chinese culture into the daily life of college students， into their life style and become their habits. To strengthen the moral construction of college students， it is necessary to make college students feel， accept， identify and practice the basic morality in practice， cultivate the feelings of home and country， shape excellent personal morality， form good moral habits， and highlight the positive energy of the young generation in society. Third， attach importance to moral education. The effect of moral education determines the moral judgment and moral behavior of college students. In the moral education of college students， colleges and universities should pay equal attention to morality and wisdom to prevent the unbalanced phenomenon of valuing wisdom and neglecting morality. While learning professional knowledge， they should make good use of the excellent traditional Chinese culture to carry out invisible moral training. Second， to achieve the unity of knowledge and practice， teachers should be good examples， learn from the excellent traditional Chinese culture， enhance the moral education knowledge， professional and systematic， better correct the wrong moral behavior of college students.

4. Strengthen the network moral cognition of college students. Combined with the age and personality characteristics of college students， in the virtual network space， there is often the absence of moral pressure and the lack of moral responsibility of the subject， which leads to the liberalization of network discourse. Therefore， strengthening moral cognition and improving network moral awareness are the premise of shaping college students' correct network behavior. First， build a good network moral environment in colleges and universities. Content through the network construction， using the way of diversified education， let the students know more about and meet on campus credits， network game， network performance and network broadcasting network products， known as its essence and spread rule， in the network and the reality correctly identify "pit" in the network， improve network security awareness， to develop the right web lifestyle. Institutions of higher learning should also strengthen the management of the Internet， strengthen the comprehensive management of the Internet， correctly guide the network hot spots and events， let college students consciously resist the vulgar network cultural content， and create a clean campus network space. Secondly， carry forward the theme of cyberspace. In the network space， colleges and universities should establish management mechanism， strengthen the prevention and control of the ideological field， regulate and guide the network behavior of college students， help college students to establish a correct concept of network right and wrong， let the correct public opinion orientation occupy the commanding heights of the network space. Finally， carry on the network security education， train the university student civilized self-discipline network behavior， must respect the morality in the network to obey the law.

In short， colleges and universities are the main front of the moral construction of college students， and the effectiveness of moral construction is related to the realization of the goal of talent training in colleges and universities. The new outline is a guide to teaching and educating people in institutions of higher learning and provides guidelines for moral education in institutions of higher learning. Through the guidance of strengthening moral education of colleges and universities， and promote the moral practice， scientific guiding network moral behavior， to establish and perfect the system of moral construction of institutions of higher learning， builds the good campus atmosphere， xiude conduct guide college students to moral cognition and moral cultivation and moral practice consciously， reveals the new era of college students' good social moral style.

reference

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