樊靜華 高小云 鄭繪霞 肖虹 武麗娜 梁鋼 梁建芳
【摘要】 目的:通過建立胃癌移植瘤模型,觀察多巴酚丁胺聯(lián)合順鉑對(duì)胃癌移植瘤的生長(zhǎng)抑制作用及對(duì)瘤體組織中YAP、p-YAP表達(dá)的影響。方法:采用人胃癌SGC-7901細(xì)胞株建立裸鼠皮下移植瘤模型,隨機(jī)分為5組:空白對(duì)照(CK)組、陰性對(duì)照(NS)組、多巴酚丁胺(DOB)組、順鉑(DDP)組、聯(lián)合用藥(DOB+DDP)組。治療結(jié)束后摘除移植瘤組織,測(cè)量并稱重,計(jì)算抑瘤率。通過Western Blot檢測(cè)YAP和p-YAP蛋白的表達(dá)。結(jié)果:治療結(jié)束后CK、NS、DOB、DDP、DOB+DDP組瘤體終體積依次為(472.09±9.44)、(451.94±16.32)、(410.14±15.39)、(246.69±15.54)和(263.42±19.55)mm3。各組瘤質(zhì)量分別為(0.84±0.02)、(0.82±0.04)、(0.65±0.03)、(0.35±0.01)和(0.35±0.02)g,其中實(shí)驗(yàn)組(DOB、DDP、DOB+DDP)抑瘤率分別為22.67%、58.71%和58.47%,與對(duì)照組(CK、NS)相比,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。DOB組和DDP組YAP表達(dá)量均低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),p-YAP表達(dá)量高于對(duì)照組(CK、NS)(P<0.05),DOB+DDP組與對(duì)照組(CK、NS)相比差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。結(jié)論:多巴酚丁胺可能通過下調(diào)YAP,同時(shí)上調(diào)p-YAP的表達(dá)抑制胃癌移植瘤生長(zhǎng),與順鉑聯(lián)合抑制作用不明顯。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 胃癌; 多巴酚丁胺; 順鉑; YAP; p-YAP
Inhibitory Effect of Dobutamine Combined with Cisplatin on Gastric Implant Tumor and Expression of YAP and p-YAP/FAN Jing-hua,GAO Xiao-yun,ZHENG Hui-xia,et al.//Medical Innovation of China,2017,14(14):028-031
【Abstract】 Objective:To investigate the effects of Dobutamine combined with Cisplatin on the growth of human gastric tumor SGC-7901 cell xenografts in nude mice and the possible mechanisms involved in the expression of YAP and p-YAP.Method:The human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cell line subcutaneous transplantation tumor mode were randomly divided into 5 groups:Blank control(CK) group,Negative control(NS) group,Dobutamine(DOB) group,Cisplatin(DDP) group,Dobutamine+Cisplatin(DOB+DDP) group.After the treatment to remove the transplanted tumor tissue,tumor volume and weight were observed .The expression of YAP and p-YAP were evaluated by Western Blotting analysis.Result:Tumor volumes in CK group,NS group,DDP group,DOB group and DDP+DOB group were (472.09±9.44),(451.94±16.32),(410.14±15.39),(246.69±15.54) and (263.42±19.55)mm3.The quality of groups,respectively were (0.84±0.02),(0.82±0.04),(0.65±0.03),(0.35±0.01) and (0.35±0.02)g.Inhibitory rate of the experimental groups were 22.67%,58.71% and 58.47%,the differences were statistically significant compared with the control groups(P<0.05).Compared with the control groups,YAP expressing quantity of the experimental groups was lower(P<0.05),p-YAP expressing quantity was higher(P<0.05).Conclusion:Dobutamine may through cutting YAP and raising p-YAP expression inhibit the growth of gastric cancer xenografts in nude mice,while Cisplatin joint inhibitory effect is not obvious.
【Key words】 Gastric cancer; Dobutamine; Cisplatin; YAP; p-YAP
First-authors address:School of Basic Medical Sciences,Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan 030001,China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2017.14.008
《2014全球癌癥報(bào)告》顯示全球癌癥發(fā)病形勢(shì)十分嚴(yán)峻,其中胃癌年新增病例約為40.5萬人,占世界新增病例的42.5%。目前進(jìn)展期胃癌以手術(shù)聯(lián)合化療的綜合治療為主,但5年生存率僅為30%~50%[1]。有關(guān)專家指出基因靶向治療和化療聯(lián)合能夠提高化療藥物的選擇性[2]。研究表明胃癌的發(fā)生與YAP基因表達(dá)異常之間存在相關(guān)性且YAP蛋白可調(diào)節(jié)腫瘤對(duì)化療藥物的敏感性[3]。前期實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)多巴酚丁胺作用于YAP蛋白抑制胃癌SGC/7901細(xì)胞系的增殖、遷移能力[4]。本研究應(yīng)用裸鼠移植瘤模型,觀察多巴酚丁胺對(duì)胃癌移植瘤的抑制作用和傳統(tǒng)化療藥順鉑的協(xié)同作用,為胃癌的治療提供實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)?,F(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 材料與方法
1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物 人胃癌SGC-7901細(xì)胞購(gòu)于中科院上海細(xì)胞庫,BALB/C裸鼠購(gòu)于湖南斯萊克景達(dá)實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物有限公司(合格證號(hào)SCXK湘2011-0003),雄性,4周齡左右,共28只,飼養(yǎng)于山西醫(yī)科大學(xué)SPF級(jí)的動(dòng)物飼養(yǎng)室。
1.2 主要試劑和藥品 RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)基、胎牛血清(杭州四季青);多巴酚丁胺(浙江瑞新藥業(yè));順鉑(江蘇豪森藥業(yè));YAP多克隆抗體、p-YAP多克隆抗體(Cell Signaling);(DAB顯色試劑盒(北京中杉)。
1.3 裸鼠模型的建立及動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)分組 將SGC-7901細(xì)胞置于胎牛血清培養(yǎng)基中培養(yǎng),配置4.0×107個(gè)/mL的細(xì)胞懸液備用。取裸鼠于右季肋部皮下接種細(xì)胞懸液0.1 mL,腫瘤生長(zhǎng)至直徑約5 mm。剔除3只腫瘤直徑未長(zhǎng)至規(guī)定大小的裸鼠后,剩余的25只隨機(jī)分為5組,每組5只:空白對(duì)照(CK)組:不作處理;陰性對(duì)照(NS)組:每日每次腹腔注射生理鹽水;多巴酚丁胺(DOB)組:腹腔注射多巴酚丁胺(10 mg/kg,1次/d)[5];順鉑(DDP)組:腹腔注射順鉑(2.5 mg/kg,隔日一次)[6];聯(lián)合用藥(DOB+DDP)組:腹腔注射多巴酚丁胺10 mg/kg,
1次/d,隔日聯(lián)合順鉑2.5 mg/kg。結(jié)束治療后脫頸處死裸鼠,摘除移植瘤組織,稱重并測(cè)量移植瘤長(zhǎng)(a)、寬(b),按公式V(mm3)=ab2/2計(jì)算移植瘤體積,繪制腫瘤生長(zhǎng)曲線,并計(jì)算抑瘤率。抑瘤率=(空白對(duì)照組腫瘤質(zhì)量-實(shí)驗(yàn)組腫瘤質(zhì)量)/空白對(duì)照組腫瘤質(zhì)量×100%。
1.4 Western blot檢測(cè)YAP、p-YAP、GAPDH 稱取瘤組織,反復(fù)研磨,加入RIPA裂解液,取相同體積的蛋白樣品進(jìn)行SDS-PAGE電泳,DAB法顯色拍照。應(yīng)用Image J圖像分析軟件進(jìn)行灰度值分析,分別以YAP和p-YAP與GAPDH的比值作為目的蛋白的相對(duì)表達(dá)強(qiáng)度。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理 采用SPSS 19.0軟件對(duì)所得數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析,計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,采用單因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA);計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,比較采用 字2檢驗(yàn)。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 移植瘤體積變化 各組移植瘤體積均隨時(shí)間而增大,治療結(jié)束后CK組終體積為(472.09±9.44)mm3,NS組終體積為(451.94±16.32)mm3,DOB組終體積為(410.14±15.39)mm3,NS組終體積為(246.69±15.54)mm3,DDP組終體積為(263.42±19.55)mm3,見圖1。CK組和NS組比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。DOB組、DDP組、DOB+DDP組裸鼠移植瘤體積較對(duì)照組(CK、NS)減?。≒<0.05),其中DOB+DDP組體積抑制作用優(yōu)于DOS組(P<0.05),但是與DDP組相比差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
2.2 裸鼠體重及瘤質(zhì)量變化 治療后DOB組、DDP組、DOB+DDP組移植瘤質(zhì)量分別為(0.65±0.03)、(0.35±0.01)和(0.35±0.02)g,與對(duì)照組(CK、NS)相比差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),其中DOB+DDP組比DOB組抑瘤率更強(qiáng)(P<0.05),見表1。
2.3 Western blotting檢測(cè)結(jié)果 DOB組、DDP組YAP表達(dá)量均低于對(duì)照組(CK、NS)(P<0.05),p-YAP表達(dá)量高于對(duì)照組(CK、NS)(P<0.05)。(DOB+DDP)組與對(duì)照組(CK、NS)比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),見圖2、3。
3 討論
多巴酚丁胺屬于G蛋白偶聯(lián)受體(GPCR)激動(dòng)劑,臨床上廣泛用于治療心肌梗死、心力衰竭等。然而除了傳統(tǒng)的心血管作用外,有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)多巴酚丁胺在體外實(shí)驗(yàn)中能夠抑制骨肉瘤細(xì)胞的生長(zhǎng)[7-8]。本研究從裸鼠在體水平觀察多巴酚丁胺和傳統(tǒng)化療藥物順鉑對(duì)胃癌移植瘤的抑制作用。
YAP即Yes相關(guān)蛋白,由定位于染色體11q22的YAP基因編碼,是Hippo信號(hào)通路中起關(guān)鍵作用的細(xì)胞內(nèi)連接蛋白[9]。正常情況下YAP以磷酸化形式(p-YAP)積聚于胞質(zhì)中,無轉(zhuǎn)錄激酶活性。一旦Hippo通路失活,活化后的YAP逐漸轉(zhuǎn)入胞核,與轉(zhuǎn)錄因子TEAD相結(jié)合,進(jìn)而激活下游基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄和表達(dá)[10]。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),胃腺癌患者中癌組織較非腫瘤性上皮組織YAP表達(dá)水平增高[11],而且沉默YAP,能抑制胃癌細(xì)胞SGC-7901的增殖和侵襲[12]。對(duì)胃癌患者的研究也發(fā)現(xiàn)YAP蛋白高表達(dá)患者生存率明顯低于低表達(dá)者[13]。
近年很多學(xué)者發(fā)現(xiàn),GPCR信號(hào)通路與Hippo-YAP通路密切相關(guān)[14-16]。Kim等[17]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),多巴酚丁胺作用于GPCR配體促進(jìn)Hippo-YAP的活動(dòng),同時(shí)Bao等[7]也發(fā)現(xiàn)多巴酚丁胺通過作用于腎上腺素受體能夠誘導(dǎo)YAP磷酸化,使人骨肉瘤U20S細(xì)胞失去致癌活性。Fujii[18]也發(fā)現(xiàn)多巴酚丁胺可以抑制YAP介導(dǎo)的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子的活性,抑制YAP誘導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)。
從腫瘤生長(zhǎng)曲線看出,用藥第16天開始,單獨(dú)使用10 mg/kg的多巴酚丁胺組移植瘤體積生長(zhǎng)開始減慢,可見該劑量多巴酚丁胺對(duì)胃癌移植瘤具有潛在的抗腫瘤抑制效能,但生長(zhǎng)曲線減緩趨勢(shì)不太明顯。順鉑組移植瘤體積增長(zhǎng)明顯減慢,表明傳統(tǒng)化療藥物順鉑能夠抑制胃癌移植瘤的增長(zhǎng)。結(jié)束治療后DDB組、DDP組和DOB+DDP組抑瘤率分別為22.67%、58.71%和58.47%,基本與腫瘤體積的抑制結(jié)果符合。本次實(shí)驗(yàn)的蛋白分析結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)DOB組YAP含量降低同時(shí)p-YAP含量增加,說明多巴酚丁胺可能通過作用于YAP基因,增強(qiáng)YAP的磷酸化水平來抑制胃癌移植瘤的生長(zhǎng),與Cravo等[19]的研究結(jié)果相符。DDP組YAP下調(diào)、p-YAP上調(diào),是因?yàn)轫樸K作為一種廣譜抗癌藥物,在DNA損傷下,YAP被磷酸化,p-YAP作為促凋亡因子調(diào)節(jié)下游靶基因的表達(dá)[20]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)中DOB+DDP組與DDP組相比,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),說明順鉑與多巴酚丁胺聯(lián)合時(shí)可能并不能增強(qiáng)順鉑的作用,也可能與本實(shí)驗(yàn)中聯(lián)合使用的頻率、療程、藥物作用方式等有關(guān),而且許多研究也強(qiáng)調(diào)Hippo-YAP調(diào)控具有復(fù)雜性。
綜上所述,多巴酚丁胺對(duì)胃癌移植瘤具有一定的生長(zhǎng)抑制作用,其抑瘤作用可能Hippo-YAP通路有關(guān),但與順鉑聯(lián)合作用的具體機(jī)制待進(jìn)一步研究。
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(收稿日期:2017-01-18) (本文編輯:程旭然)