牛背山志愿者之家，蒲麥地，四川，中國(guó)

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：李道德/深度建構(gòu)建筑設(shè)計(jì)有限公司

牛背山志愿者之家，蒲麥地，四川，中國(guó)

建筑設(shè)計(jì)：李道德/深度建構(gòu)建筑設(shè)計(jì)有限公司

1 外景/Exterior view

這個(gè)項(xiàng)目是受東方衛(wèi)視邀約的一次公益設(shè)計(jì)，為一群年輕的志愿者們?cè)诖笊嚼锷w一座房子，地點(diǎn)在四川省甘孜藏族自治州瀘定縣蒲麥地村。緣起于成都的資深義工大雁和他的一群90后小伙伴們?cè)谂１成降囊淮温眯小１蛔u(yù)為中國(guó)最美觀云海之地的牛背山，有很多驢友徒步登山，但是由于還沒(méi)有被開(kāi)發(fā)，基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施極為落后，存在很多隱患，救援又無(wú)法及時(shí)達(dá)到。蒲麥地村是離牛背山頂最近的一個(gè)有人居住的小村落，村子基本呈現(xiàn)出中國(guó)西南地區(qū)傳統(tǒng)的鄉(xiāng)村面貌，坡屋頂、小青瓦，民風(fēng)淳樸。正如中國(guó)大部分的偏遠(yuǎn)村莊一樣，成年的勞動(dòng)力大都在城市打工，村里更多的是留守兒童和空巢老人，很多村舍年久失修。大雁他們希望在這里建造一個(gè)供年輕人公益實(shí)踐的基地，在幫助遇險(xiǎn)的驢友的同時(shí)，也可以為村里的老人、兒童提供服務(wù)和幫助。為了保證公益實(shí)踐的開(kāi)支，他們也需要這個(gè)房子有一定的青年旅社的功能。

改造前的房子是一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的破舊民居，門(mén)前一個(gè)被當(dāng)?shù)亟凶觥皦巫印钡钠脚_(tái)，木結(jié)構(gòu)坡屋頂，但瓦已壞，平臺(tái)上的首層空間被厚重的墻體分割成幾個(gè)昏暗的小房間，屋頂閣樓已破舊不堪，沒(méi)有廁所、廚房，在壩子的南側(cè)有一個(gè)農(nóng)民后來(lái)自己加建的方正的磚房，與環(huán)境極不協(xié)調(diào)且不抗震。我們的改造策略是在完善基本使用功能的前提下，讓這個(gè)建筑更具有開(kāi)放性與公共性，可為更多的人群服務(wù)，從建筑空間與結(jié)構(gòu)上進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新的同時(shí)，又具有中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)建筑的記憶與靈魂，使其與村落、與環(huán)境相協(xié)調(diào)，融為一體。

于是，我們?cè)谝粚颖Ａ舨⒓庸塘藘?nèi)部的木結(jié)構(gòu)，拆除了面向壩子的厚重墻體以及內(nèi)部隔墻，使一層完全開(kāi)放，作為最重要的公共空間，可作為讀書(shū)閱覽、酒吧、會(huì)議等多種功能。重新設(shè)計(jì)的鋼網(wǎng)架玻璃門(mén)，可以存儲(chǔ)木柴，在完全打開(kāi)的時(shí)候，將室內(nèi)外融為一體。壩子北側(cè)的破舊豬圈被拆除，保留了木結(jié)構(gòu)和坡屋頂，加建了圍墻以及下水排污設(shè)施，改造為廚房和淋浴間以及衛(wèi)生間，這也是整個(gè)村子唯一的一處有抽水馬桶的衛(wèi)生設(shè)施。我們拆除了壩子南側(cè)后建的磚房，還原了壩子原本的空間，并加建了一個(gè)木結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)筑物，頂部覆瓦，可遮風(fēng)避雨，增大了壩子使用率的同時(shí)，也形成了一個(gè)獨(dú)特的觀景平臺(tái)。

在這個(gè)項(xiàng)目中，我們盡可能地使用當(dāng)?shù)卮迕褡鳛橹饕膭趧?dòng)力，使用最常見(jiàn)、最基本的建筑材料和傳統(tǒng)的搭建方式，比如當(dāng)?shù)厥瘔K的砌墻方式、坡屋頂與小青瓦的延續(xù)。當(dāng)然，在加建的構(gòu)筑部分，我們采用了數(shù)字化的設(shè)計(jì)方法與生成邏輯。面對(duì)主屋你可以看到從左至右，逐漸由傳統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)變到了現(xiàn)代、甚至是對(duì)未來(lái)的探索。一個(gè)和背后大山、云海相呼應(yīng)的有機(jī)形態(tài)的屋頂呈現(xiàn)了出來(lái)。內(nèi)部看似是傳統(tǒng)的木結(jié)構(gòu)，但又是一種數(shù)字化的全新表現(xiàn)。這里所采用的材料也是由四川本地盛產(chǎn)的慈竹所提煉而成的新型竹基纖維復(fù)合材料，具有高強(qiáng)度、耐潮濕、阻燃等特性，可循環(huán)再生，低碳環(huán)保。但對(duì)這種異形結(jié)構(gòu)的加工，供應(yīng)商也是首次嘗試，結(jié)合建筑師的模型、圖紙?jiān)谑┕がF(xiàn)場(chǎng)放樣加工，工廠預(yù)制與現(xiàn)場(chǎng)手工相結(jié)合。這個(gè)起伏的屋頂與背后的大山以及遠(yuǎn)方的云海之間存在著形式上的某種關(guān)聯(lián)，但我們更希望營(yíng)造的是內(nèi)心與情感上的聯(lián)系，當(dāng)驢友或者志愿者，甚至是村民們，徒步多時(shí)至此，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)可以看到村口有這么一個(gè)小小的獨(dú)特而又熟悉的建筑泛著微微的暖光，就像是航船在大海航行中看到了燈塔，是給人們的一個(gè)召喚與鼓勵(lì)，有著一種強(qiáng)烈的歸屬感。

2 概念軸測(cè)圖/Concept diagram

3 改造前/Before reconstruction

Organized by Dragon TV, the Cattle Back Mountain Volunteers' House is a social welfare project dedicated to a group of young volunteers. It is located in the mountain of Pumaidi Village, Luding County, Sichuan Province. Known as the best viewing platform for the sea of clouds, Niubeishan is visited by a large number of travelers and explorers every year. However, being underdeveloped, the infrastructure and public service here still much lag behind. There exists much hidden danger and rescue is often delayed. Pumaidi Village, the inhabited village closest to Niubeishan, is a typical village of Southwest China, with pitched roofs, grey tiles and a harmonious living environment. Like most of the villages in the remote areas in China, the majority of the population is composed of the elderly and the children as the young and the strong are working in big cities. Most of the houses are old and seriously lacking in maintenance. With such a consideration, Dayan, an experienced volunteer, decided to build a base here for the youth to practice social services, and to provide help for the travelers in need as well as the elderly and the children of the village. The house would also serve as a youth hostel so as to balance the budget for social services.

Before renovation, the building was a broken traditional house with wooden pitched roof of broken tiles. In front of the house there was a platform (called "Bazi" by the local). The space on the first floor of the platform was divided by thick walls into several dark rooms. The loft on the rooftop was old and shabby, with no kitchen or bathroom inside. In the south of the platform, there was a square brick house built by the farmers at a later time, which was neither harmonious with its surrounding nor seismic resistant. Under the premise of improving the basic functions, we intended to make the building more open to the public and capable of serving more people. From the viewpoint of architectural space and structure, we hoped to promote innovation while at the same time trying to retain the flavor and the soul of Chinese traditional architecture, so that the building would be successfully integrated into the village and its surroundings.

項(xiàng)目信息/Credits and Data

主創(chuàng)建筑師/Principal Architect：李道德/LI Daode

設(shè)計(jì)團(tuán)隊(duì)/Design Team：李道德，張燦，鄭鈺，曹博，陳海生/LI Daode, ZHANG Can, ZHENG Yu, CAO Bo, CHEN Haisheng

設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)間/Design Period：2014.07-2014.09

功能/Program：志愿者之家，青年旅社，書(shū)吧，咖啡吧，志愿者辦公空間，醫(yī)療室等/Volunteers' House, youth hostel, book and cafe bar, volunteers' office, clinic, etc.

建筑面積/Floor Area：300m2

建筑材料/Materials：當(dāng)?shù)厥?，瓦，竹基纖維復(fù)合材料/ Local stone, clay tiles, wooden bamboo

攝影/Photos：dEEP

4 立面/Elevation

5 細(xì)部/Detail

6 施工現(xiàn)場(chǎng)/Building in construction

7 外景/Exterior view

Therefore, on the first floor we kept and strengthened the inner wood structure, got rid of the thick wall that was facing the Bazi and all the internal partitions to make the first floor completely open and serve as an important public place where people could read, get together or grab a drink. The new steel-net-framed glass door could be used to store firewood. When completely open, the interior and exterior space emerged into one. The old pigsty in the north of the Bazi was removed while the wood structure and the original roof were reserved. With walls added and sewage system installed, the place was transformed into a kitchen and a bathroom. It was the only place with flush toilets in the whole village. We also removed the brick house in the south of the Bazi and replaced it with a wood structure with tile roof, making it a shelter from wind and rain. With all the above efforts, we maximized the use of the Bazi and turned it into a unique viewing platform.

In the project, we used the most basic architectural materials and traditional building techniques (stone walls of the local style, pitched roofs and grey tiles that consisted with the original architectural language), and we tried our best to make full use of the local labor force. Digital design method and generative logic were applied in the building of the added structure. When facing the main facade, from left to right, one was able to see an organic roof emerging from the mountain and the clouds, a perfect transition from tradition to modernity, or even an exploration of the future. As for the internal space, it's a brand new expression of wood structure in digital times. The wooden material used in the project was produced locally in Sichuan, a new type of bamboo-based fiber composite with high resistance to strength, moisture and fire, which was also recyclable and environmentally friendly. It was the first endeavor of the supplier to process materials for architecture of irregular shape. It involved sample making according to the models and drawings of the architect and manual adjustments of the prefabricated parts on site. There is certain relevance between the curved roof, the mountain in the back and the sea of clouds, but we are more eager to create relevance between the heart and the mind. When travelers, volunteers or even the villagers approach from afar, looking at this unique and familiar building that shimmers with warmth, they will be seized by the sense of belonging, as if a sailing ship spots a light tower that gives it immediate courage to move forward.

評(píng)論

方曉風(fēng)：對(duì)于一個(gè)大眾媒體主導(dǎo)的公益項(xiàng)目而言，這可能是非常理想的結(jié)果。建筑師有機(jī)會(huì)炫耀自己嫻熟的專業(yè)技能，而媒體可以借此講述一個(gè)高反差的建筑故事。但設(shè)計(jì)背后所透露出的氣息并不那么討人喜歡，低眉順眼的窮親戚是否真認(rèn)這個(gè)好，殊可懷疑，而城里人是否有必要如此顯擺？這可能是誅心之論，并不可取。好吧，你得承認(rèn)，這是一個(gè)很酷的姿態(tài)。

魯安東：山那邊人家

這是一個(gè)大山中的家，一個(gè)象征性的空間。經(jīng)過(guò)艱難徒步，看到遠(yuǎn)方燈火，激起情感上的歸屬感，就像路亭、驛站或者燈塔。一層三維復(fù)雜曲面用傳統(tǒng)符號(hào)進(jìn)行了詩(shī)意而巧妙的偽裝：起伏的屋頂搭在現(xiàn)有屋頂上，仿佛發(fā)生了某種變異；而新的纖維復(fù)合材料則像是傳統(tǒng)的木結(jié)構(gòu)，卻提供了新穎的形態(tài)可能性。作為一個(gè)媒體策劃的公益項(xiàng)目，這個(gè)建筑注定面向外界。

8-10 外景/Exterior views

11 原二層平面/Original floor 1 plan

12 改造后二層平面/Floor 1 plan after reconstruction

13 內(nèi)景/Interior view

14 剖軸測(cè)/Axonometric

Comments

FANG Xiaofeng: For a public welfare project driven by mass media, this is probably an ideal result. While the architect has the opportunity to show off his sophisticated professional skills, the media can use it to tell a story about a highly-contrasted building. However, the aura behind the design does not seem to be so likable: it is questionable whether its goodness can be recognized by the poor and obedient neighbors, or whether it is necessary for urban people to show off in this manner. This comment might concentrate too much on its motivation and is not desirable. Well, you have to admit that this is a cool POSE.

LU Andong: A home beyond the mountains

This is a "home" in the mountains, a symbolic space.The sight of the lights in the distance will elicit a strong sense of belonging from the travelers after difficult hiking, like a roadside pavilion, a tavern or a lighthouse usually does. The three-dimensional curved surface is poetically disguised with traditional metaphors: the curved roof covers and merges with the original roof, as if the latter had experienced a certain kind of mutation; the new fiber composite resembles traditional wooden structure but produces innovative potentials of new forms. As a welfare project organized by media, this architecture is destined to face the outside world.

Cattle Back Mountain Volunteers' House, Pumaidi, Sichuan, China, 2014

Architects: LI Daode/dEEP Architects