摘要:目的 探討閉合性十二指腸損傷的早期臨床特點。方法對我院從2003年3月~2014年3月,共收治15例閉合性十二指腸損傷患者,急診手術(shù)探查,根據(jù)十二指腸損傷的程度及部位選擇合理的術(shù)式。5例患者行修補術(shù),7例修補后行胃造瘺、十二指腸造瘺+空腸造瘺。2例患者切除部分壞死的腸管后行十二指腸腸憩室化手術(shù)。結(jié)果15例患者,除一例患者因損傷嚴(yán)重死于多臟器功能衰竭,經(jīng)早期有效的手術(shù)探查,14例患者療效滿意。結(jié)論閉合性十二指腸損傷多合并胰腺等腹部其它損傷,病情重、發(fā)展快,若處置不當(dāng),死亡率高,早期手術(shù), 早期治療,選擇合理的術(shù)式,有效的引流是治療成功的關(guān)鍵。
關(guān)鍵詞:閉合性;十二指腸損傷 ; 早期處理
15 Cases of Closed Duodenal Injury Early Treatment
ZHANG Zhi-jun,QI Hong-wei
(Department of Surgery,Yunmeng County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Yunmeng 432500,Hubei,China)
Abstract:ObjectiveTo explore the early clinical characteristics of closed duodenal injury. MethodsIn our hospital from 2003 March to 2014 March, 15 cases of closed duodenal injury patients, emergency operation, according to the operation the reasonable selection of the position and degree of duodenal injury. 5 patients underwent repair surgery, 7 cases after repairing gastric fistula, duodenal fistula + jejunostomy. 2 patients with partial resection of necrotic bowel after duodenal diverticulum operation. Results15 patients, except for one patient due to severe injury died of multiple organ failure, the early operation effectively, the curative effect of 14 cases patients satisfaction. ConclusionClosed duodenal injury complicated with pancreatic and other abdominal injury, severe illness, rapid development, if disposed of improperly, the mortality rate is high, early operation, early treatment, reasonable choice of surgical procedures, effective drainage is the key to successful treatment.
Key words:Closed duodenal injury; Early treatment我院從2003年3月~2014年3月,共收治閉合性十二指腸損傷15例,現(xiàn)報告如下:
1 資料與方法
1.1一般資料本組男性14例,女性1例,年齡15~63歲,平均41歲,受傷原因:車禍撞擊擠壓11例,非機動車把撞擊3例,牲畜踢傷1例。
1.2受傷至入院的時間1~13h。損傷部位:球部損傷1例,降部損傷9例,橫部損傷3例,升部損傷1例。
1.3診斷患者均有上腹部疼痛,對癥處理后不能緩解。影像學(xué)檢查:腹部超聲提示腹腔積液,胃周積液。腹部平片5例見膈下游離氣體。腹部CT提示十二指腸腹膜后積液集氣或腸壁增厚,有血腫可能??诜馑煊鞍l(fā)現(xiàn)十二指腸造影劑滲漏,腹腔穿刺抽出含膽汁液體。
1.4方法急診手術(shù)探查,根據(jù)十二指腸損傷的程度及部位選擇合理的術(shù)式。對破裂口較小,腹腔污染不嚴(yán)重的5例患者行修補術(shù),將胃管置入損傷遠端并作空腸造瘺。7例十二指腸破口不大,但腸管有血腫,水腫較重,有腹腔污染的患者修補后行胃造瘺、十二指腸造瘺+空腸造瘺。2例患者切除部分壞死的腸管后行十二指腸腸憩室化手術(shù)。術(shù)后處理:常規(guī)禁食水、補液、選擇廣譜抗生素、PN+EN營養(yǎng)支持、奧曲肽泵入1w,并聯(lián)用抑酸劑。
2 結(jié)果
1例患者術(shù)后腸漏、嚴(yán)重感染致MSOF死亡,1例患者發(fā)生小的腸漏經(jīng)非手術(shù)治療痊愈,其余均痊愈出院。
3 討論
閉合性十二指腸損傷較少見,其早期的癥狀較隱蔽,其漏診率高達40%,早期診斷及有效的手術(shù)引流是治療關(guān)鍵,我們的經(jīng)驗:①上腹部外傷,尤其是劍上臍下要考慮十二指腸損傷可能②非手術(shù)治療的患者經(jīng)觀察無效,且出現(xiàn)明確的上腹部腹膜刺激癥時應(yīng)考慮③上腹部CT可發(fā)現(xiàn)十二指腸血腫、滲液、滲血④術(shù)前腹腔穿刺及術(shù)中探查見膽汁滲出時應(yīng)行Kocher切口全面探查十二指腸⑤消化道碘水造影,可見造影劑滲漏,應(yīng)立即手術(shù)。
手術(shù)選擇:根據(jù)十二指腸損傷的部位、破口大小、患者的一般情況、腹腔污染情況而定,對傷口小、腸壁無血運障礙行單純修補術(shù)后胃管引流即可,對腸管有破口可縫合且縫合后無張力附加近端空腸行造口、十二指腸減壓。十二指腸破口超過周徑2/3時應(yīng)行腸切除,十二指腸憩室化。
閉合性十二指腸損傷多合并胰腺等腹部其它損傷,病情重、發(fā)展快,若處置不當(dāng),死亡率高,因此,早期治療和及時的腹部手術(shù)是治療成功的關(guān)鍵,隨著腹腔鏡技術(shù)的發(fā)展,腹腔鏡探查及鏡下手術(shù)修補,是一個新的嘗試。
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