李智慧,楊長春,韓 盈*,王石磊
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老年肺部感染患者脂聯(lián)素水平的變化及其意義
李智慧1,楊長春2,韓 盈2*,王石磊3
(1新鄉(xiāng)醫(yī)學(xué)院,新鄉(xiāng) 453003;2武警總醫(yī)院南樓一科,北京 100039;3鄭州大學(xué)第一附屬醫(yī)院呼吸內(nèi)科,鄭州 450052)
探討老年肺部感染患者血清脂聯(lián)素(APN)水平變化及其與C-反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)之間的關(guān)系,以期為老年肺部感染患者臨床診斷及病情監(jiān)測提供依據(jù)。選取2012年1月至2013年6月武警總醫(yī)院肺部感染患者70例,其中重癥肺部感染30例,輕癥肺部感染40例;同時選取老年體檢者40例為對照組。應(yīng)用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法測定APN水平,免疫比濁法測定CRP,觀察上述指標(biāo)變化。與對照組比較,輕癥肺部感染組、重癥肺部感染組血清APN水平均明顯降低[(8.89±1.93),(6.79±1.87)(4.89±1.13)mg/L;<0.05],CRD水平明顯升高[(1.69±1.12),(13.87±2.72)(25.73±5.77)mg/L;<0.05]。肺部感染組APN水平與CRP呈負相關(guān)(=-0.35;<0.05)。logistic回歸分析結(jié)果顯示,APN(OR=0.350,95% CI 0.225-0.544;<0.05),空腹血糖(OR=3.939,95%CI 1.066-14.552;<0.05),年齡(OR=0.870,95%CI 0.781-0.969;<0.05)與老年肺部感染有關(guān)。APN水平在老年肺部感染患者顯著降低,可能是一個新的抗炎因子,可作為老年肺部感染診斷和病情監(jiān)測的新的標(biāo)志物。
老年人;肺部感染;脂聯(lián)素;C-反應(yīng)蛋白
老年人肺部感染呈顯著上升趨勢,是導(dǎo)致死亡的重要原因之一。老年人肺部感染缺乏明顯的臨床癥狀和特異性指標(biāo),使診斷和病情監(jiān)測尤為困難。目前臨床常應(yīng)用血常規(guī)、C-反應(yīng)蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)等作為診斷感染及監(jiān)測治療效果的經(jīng)典指標(biāo)[1]。新近研究顯示,脂聯(lián)素(adiponectin,APN)與炎癥反應(yīng)密切相關(guān),它是由脂肪細胞分泌的一種細胞因子,具有抗動脈硬化、抗炎等作用[2]。在心血管系統(tǒng),APN能夠顯著抑制多種促炎因子[3],通過促進巨噬細胞抗炎因子——白細胞介素-10的產(chǎn)生及抑制脂多糖誘導(dǎo)的促炎癥反應(yīng)而發(fā)揮抗炎作用[4,5]。然而,APN在老年肺部感染患者中的變化及意義國內(nèi)外尚未見報道。本文旨在探討老年肺部感染患者血清APN變化規(guī)律,并與經(jīng)典的炎癥指標(biāo)CRP相比較,以期為老年肺部感染的臨床診斷及病程監(jiān)測提供新的指標(biāo)。
根據(jù)第7版《內(nèi)科學(xué)》肺炎及重癥肺炎診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[6],篩選入組患者。選取2012年1月至2013年6月在武警總醫(yī)院住院>60歲的老年肺部感染患者70例,其中男性37例,女性33例,年齡60~90(70.43±6.51)歲。其中30例為重癥肺部感染組,40例為輕癥肺部感染組。兩組觀察對象性別、年齡、基礎(chǔ)疾病相匹配,且常規(guī)行胸片、肺CT、痰培養(yǎng)檢查。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)嚴(yán)重免疫抑制(如血液病、艾滋病、骨髓移植后)的患者;(2)腫瘤患者,肥胖,嚴(yán)重心、腦、腎、代謝綜合征患者;(3)近期服用調(diào)脂藥等;(4)患者突然中斷治療或者自動出院者。同期選取武警總醫(yī)院體檢中心40例健康體檢者為對照組,其中男性21例,女性19例,年齡60~90(73.03±7.47)歲。
常規(guī)測量血壓(mmHg)、體質(zhì)量(kg)、身高(m),計算體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(body mass index,BMI),BMI=體質(zhì)量(kg)/身高2(m2);患者空腹采靜脈血,分別測空腹血糖(fasting blood glucose,F(xiàn)BG)、餐后2h血糖(2-hour postprandial blood glucose,2hPBG)、總膽固醇(total cholesterol,TC)、三酰甘油(甘油三酯,triglycerides,TG)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(low density lipoprotein cholesterol,LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-C)、CRP。采用7600型日立全自動生物化學(xué)分析儀測定血脂指標(biāo)、葡萄糖氧化酶法測定血糖,免疫比濁法測定CRP。
入選病例于次日清晨抽取空腹靜脈血3ml靜置2h后,3000r/min離心10min、分離血清后于-80℃保存,采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗法(ELISA),芬蘭(Labsystems Multiskan MS)352型酶標(biāo)儀,統(tǒng)一測定血清APN。試劑盒均由北京方程生物公司提供,嚴(yán)格按說明書進行測定,批內(nèi)差異<9%,批間差異<15%。
對照組與感染組患者性別、年齡、BMI、收縮壓、舒張壓、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、FPG比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(>0.05;表1)。
表1 兩組患者基線資料比較
BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; FBG: fasting blood glucose; 2hPBG: 2-hour postprandial blood glucose. 1mmHg=0.133kPa
與對照組比較,輕癥組和重癥組APN水平明顯降低,分別下降23.62%和44.99%,重癥組APN水平及降低比例更顯著,均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(<0.05);與對照組比較,輕癥組和重癥組CRP水平明顯升高,重癥組更加明顯,分別升高約8.3倍和15.2倍,均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(<0.05;表2)。
表2 各組血清APN和CRP的比較
APN: adiponectin; CRP: C-reactive protein. Compared with control group,*<0.05; compared with mild pulmonary infection group,#<0.05
Pearson相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果顯示,老年肺部感染患者APN與CRP呈負相關(guān)關(guān)系(=-0.350;<0.05)。
APN、FPG、年齡與老年肺部感染有關(guān)(表3)。
表3 老年肺部感染相關(guān)因素logistic回歸分析
BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP:diastolic blood pressure; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglycerides; HDL-C: high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low density lipoprotein cholesterol; FBG: fasting blood glucose; 2hPBG: 2-hour postprandial blood glucose; APN: adiponectin
老年患者由于器官老齡化,免疫功能下降,基礎(chǔ)疾病多,容易發(fā)生感染,特別是肺部感染在臨床極為常見,嚴(yán)重影響老年患者的生存率。因此,進一步探討老年肺部感染的發(fā)病機制,發(fā)現(xiàn)新的炎癥指標(biāo),對該疾病的診治及病情監(jiān)測具有重要意義。在心血管系統(tǒng)的研究證實,APN是較強的抗炎因子,通過減少單核巨噬細胞分泌細胞因子,減弱細胞因子的生理效能而發(fā)揮抗動脈粥樣硬化作用[7]。但APN是否參與老年肺部感染病理生理過程,目前尚未見報道。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在老年肺部感染患者中,血漿APN水平顯著下降,重癥感染組下降更為顯著,提示在感染等急性炎癥反應(yīng)中也會出現(xiàn)低APN血癥,機體APN濃度的高低與感染的發(fā)生發(fā)展有關(guān),APN參與了老年肺部感染的病理過程。CRP是急性炎癥時的一種常見急性時相蛋白,由TNF-α,IL-6和IL-1等炎癥因子刺激肝臟產(chǎn)生[8]。CRP在急性感染、炎癥的6~8h內(nèi)迅速升高,機體一旦恢復(fù)又迅速下降[9]。CRP不僅是一個炎癥因子,其本身還是一個致炎因子。高敏CRP在體內(nèi)高度穩(wěn)定,不受飲食和晝夜節(jié)律影響[10],因此,CRP有利于反應(yīng)炎癥和病情進展程度。本研究顯示,老年肺部感染患者CRP顯著升高,隨病情加重,升高更加顯著。APN與CRP的相關(guān)分析顯示,兩者呈顯著負相關(guān),推測肺部感染時,APN可能是炎癥反應(yīng)的一種保護因子。
近年研究表明[11],APN是免疫反應(yīng)的重要負性調(diào)節(jié)因子,可以抑制TNF-α等致炎因子的表達,終止炎癥反應(yīng)。有研究者[12]發(fā)現(xiàn),使用基因重組APN可通過提高抗炎因子IL-10水平對刀豆球蛋白A誘發(fā)的小鼠急性肝損傷發(fā)揮保護作用。亦有研究[13]證實,通過提高膿毒癥大鼠血液中的APN濃度,可以提高大鼠生存率,提示APN在感染性疾病中發(fā)揮保護效應(yīng)。肺部感染本質(zhì)是致病微生物引起的炎癥反應(yīng),是由于致炎因子的大量釋放,導(dǎo)致廣泛的內(nèi)皮受損、血流動力學(xué)紊亂,出現(xiàn)微血栓,彌散性血管內(nèi)凝血(disseminated or diffuse intravascular coagulation,DIC),甚至多器官功能障礙綜合征(multiple organ dysfunction syndrome,MODS)。本研究結(jié)果表明,在老年肺部感染患者中,APN濃度變化與CRP向相反方向變化,這種變化反映了感染狀態(tài)下兩種因子的相互拮抗。CRP是致炎因子,APN與其相互拮抗,說明APN具有潛在的抗炎作用。
APN抑制炎癥反應(yīng)的機制尚不清楚,可能與下列因素有關(guān)。(1)APN屬于蛋白質(zhì)一族,擁有膠原結(jié)構(gòu)域,可以同內(nèi)皮下膠原結(jié)合(血管壁損傷后暴露),從而阻斷并控制炎癥級聯(lián)反應(yīng)。(2)研究表明,APN在非感染性疾病中的抗炎機制是APN與其受體結(jié)合,通過受體介導(dǎo)的途徑激活過氧化物酶體增殖物激活受體轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路,抑制核因子κB(nuclear factor-kappa B,NF-κB)基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄活性,抑制促炎因子分泌及降低巨噬細胞活性[14]。APN在肺部感染中的抗炎機制是否與此相同,有待進一步研究。(3)APN能夠直接中和細菌的脂多糖而減輕膿毒癥癥狀[15]。(4)APN抑制TNF-α誘發(fā)單核細胞吸附,而且還能夠直接拮抗TNF-α,減少TNF-α等促炎介質(zhì)的生成[16]。
綜上所述,APN水平在老年肺部感染患者隨病情加重逐漸降低,APN水平與CRP呈負相關(guān),APN可能是老年肺部感染中重要的一個新的抗炎因子,可作為老年肺部感染診斷和病情監(jiān)測的新的標(biāo)志物。
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(編輯: 王雪萍)
Change of adiponectin levels in elderly patients with pulmonary infection and its significance
LI Zhi-Hui1, YANG Chang-Chun2, HAN Ying2*, WANG Shi-Lei3
(1Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang 453003, China;2Department No.1 of South Building, General Hospital of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces, Beijing 100039, China;3Department of Respiratory Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China)
To investigate the changes of serum adiponectin (APN) level in the elderly patients with pulmonary infection and its relationship with C-reactive protein (CRP), in order to provide basis for clinical diagnosis and disease monitoring for these elderly patients.A total of 70 elderly patients with pulmonary infection admitted in our hospital from January 2012 to June 2013 were enrolled in this study. They were divided into severe pulmonary infection group (=30) and mild pulmonary infection group (=40). Another 40 elderly receiving physical examination in the same period served as controls. ELISA and immune turbidimetry were used to detect the serum levels of APN and CRP respectively.The serum levels of APN were significantly lower in the mild and severe pulmonary infection groups than in the controls [(6.79±1.87) and (4.89±1.13)(8.89±1.93)mg/L;<0.05], but that of CRP was significantly increased [(13.87±2.72) and (25.73±5.77)(1.69±1.12)mg/L;<0.05]. A negative correlation was found between the serum levels of CRP and APN in the elderly patients with pulmonary infection (=-0.350;<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that APN (OR=0.350, 95% CI 0.225?0.544;<0.05), fasting blood glucose (OR=3.939, 95% CI 1.066?14.552;<0.05), and age (OR=0.870, 95% CI 0.781?0.969;<0.05) were correlated with pulmonary infection in the elderly.Serum level of APN is decreased significantly in the elderly patients with pulmonary infection. It may be a new anti-inflammatory factor, and can be used as a new marker for diagnosis and disease monitoring of pulmonary infection in the elderly.
elderly; pulmonary infection; adiponectin; C-reactive protein
This work was supported by the Project of General Hospital of Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces (wz2012034).
R56
A
10.3724/SP.J.1264.2014.00008
2013?08?28;
2013?10?15
武警總醫(yī)院院內(nèi)課題(wz2012034)
韓 盈, E-mail: WJhanying@126.com