【摘要】 目的 探討苯磺酸瑞馬唑侖復(fù)合艾司氯胺酮在高血壓患者門診腸鏡檢查(腸治療)中的療效和安全性。 方法 選取2023年在鄂爾多斯市中心醫(yī)院接受門診腸治療的高血壓患者48例,序貫給予2 %利多卡因0.5 mg/kg、艾司氯胺酮0.15 mg/kg,再分別給予苯磺酸瑞馬唑侖0.15~0.25 mg/kg(R組)或丙泊酚1~2 mg/kg(P組)誘導(dǎo),泵注1~2 mg/(kg·h)苯磺酸瑞馬唑侖(R組)或2~4 mg/(kg·h)丙泊酚(P組)維持鎮(zhèn)靜。觀察并比較2組患者平均動(dòng)脈壓(MAP)、心率(HR)、呼吸頻率(RR)、脈搏血氧飽和度(SpO2)、圍術(shù)期時(shí)間指標(biāo)(誘導(dǎo)時(shí)間、操作時(shí)間、蘇醒時(shí)間、出院時(shí)間)、鎮(zhèn)靜指標(biāo)[腦電雙頻指數(shù)(BIS)、改良警覺/鎮(zhèn)靜評(píng)分(MOAA/S評(píng)分)及Ramsay鎮(zhèn)靜評(píng)分]等差異,并記錄不良事件。結(jié)果 在腸治療術(shù)后5 min(T6),R組MAP高于P組[(95.7±2.8) mmHg vs.(92.5±3.0) mmHg,P lt; 0.05],腸治療開始至結(jié)束即刻(T3~T5),R組HR、RR、心肌耗氧量、BIS值均高于P組(均P lt; 0.05),但以上指標(biāo)均保持在正常范圍內(nèi);此外,R組圍術(shù)期最低SpO2高于P組[(96.1±2.0)% vs.(94.0±2.4)%,P lt; 0.05],術(shù)后恢復(fù)質(zhì)量評(píng)分高于P組[(144.0±3.5)分vs.(140.9±3.8)分,P lt; 0.05],注射痛發(fā)生率低于P組(0% vs.23.1 %,P lt; 0.05);但R組誘導(dǎo)時(shí)間[(14.4±2.4)s vs.(8.8±1.5)s]和蘇醒時(shí)間[(4.4±1.2)s vs. (3.7±1.1)s]均延長(zhǎng)(均P lt; 0.05)。2組誘導(dǎo)成功率差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(90.9% vs. 96.2%,P gt; 0.05)。 結(jié)論 高血壓患者門診腸治療中,苯磺酸瑞馬唑侖與丙泊酚在復(fù)合艾司氯胺酮后療效相似,但注射痛更輕,血流動(dòng)力學(xué)更穩(wěn)定,可作為高血壓患者腸治療更優(yōu)方案。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 苯磺酸瑞馬唑侖;艾司氯胺酮;腸鏡檢查;高血壓
Application of remimazolam besylate combined with esketamine in outpatient colonoscopy in patients with hypertension
GUO Xiaoyang1, LI Wei2, HAO Zaijun2
(1. Ordos School of Clinical Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Ordos 017000, China; 2. Ordos Central Hospital,
Ordos 017000, China)
Corresponding author: HAO Zaijun, E-mail: Haozaijun1@163.com
【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of remimazolam besylate combined with esketamine in outpatient colonoscopy in patients with hypertension. Methods A total of 48 hypertensive patients undergoing outpatient colonoscopy at the Ordos Central Hospital in 2023 were enrolled. The patients sequentially received 2% lidocaine 0.5 mg/kg and esketamine 0.15 mg/kg,
followed by either remimazolam besylate 0.15-0.25 mg/kg (R group) or propofol 1-2 mg/kg (P group) for induction. Continuous infusion of remimazolam besylate at 1-2 mg/(kg·h) (R group) or propofol at 2-4 mg/(kg·h) (P group) was administered to maintain sedation. Differences between the two groups were observed and compared in terms of mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate(HR), respiratory rate (RR), and pulse oxygen saturation (SpO2), perioperative time indicators (induction time, operation time, resuscitation time and discharge time), and sedation indicators [bispectral index (BIS), the Modified Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (MOAA/S) score, and the Ramsay sedation score]. Adverse events were also recorded. Results At 5 minutes after colonoscopy (T6), the MAP in the R group was higher than that in the P group [(95.7±2.8) mmHg vs.(92.5±3.0) mmHg, P lt; 0.05]. From the beginning to the end of the procedure (T3-T5), HR, RR, myocardial oxygen consumption, and BIS values were also higher in the R group(all P lt; 0.05) and all the above indicators remain within the normal range. Moreover, the R group perioperative minimum SpO2 is significantly higher than that of P group [(96.1±2.0)% vs.(94.0±2.4) %, P lt; 0.05], and postoperative recovery quality score is higher than P group[(144.0±3.5) vs.(140.9±3.8),P lt; 0.05], the rate of injection pain in R group is lower than P group
(0% vs. 23.1 %, P lt; 0.05). However, the induction [(4.4±1.2) s vs. (3.7±1.1) s] and resuscitation times [(4.4±1.2) s vs. (3.7±
1.1) s] were prolonged in the R group (both P lt; 0.05). There was no significant difference in the success rate of induction between the two groups (90.9% vs. 96.2%, P gt; 0.05). Conclusions In outpatient colonoscopy for patients with hypertension, remimazolam besylate and propofol, when combined with esketamine, provide comparable sedative efficacy. However, remimazolam besylate is associated with less injection pain and more stable hemodynamics, suggesting it may serve as a preferable option in this population.
【Key words】 Remimazolam besylate; Esketamine; Colonoscopy; Hypertension
內(nèi)鏡檢查術(shù)是胃腸道疾病診療最常用、最有效的方式[1]。結(jié)腸鏡可發(fā)現(xiàn)早期癌癥,并通過內(nèi)鏡黏膜切除、內(nèi)鏡黏膜下剝離等技術(shù)切除病變降低患者病死率[2-3]。以往常使用非靜脈注射途徑的鎮(zhèn)靜和鎮(zhèn)痛藥物麻醉,這種策略并不抑制應(yīng)激反應(yīng)發(fā)生,且阻礙器官功能恢復(fù)和延遲出院時(shí)間[4]。高血壓患者因心血管代償能力降低,導(dǎo)致肝、腎血流異常,使藥物代謝減慢、蘇醒延遲及腦損傷的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加[5]。因此,高血壓患者在復(fù)雜內(nèi)鏡手術(shù)中保持血流動(dòng)力學(xué)穩(wěn)定至關(guān)重要[6-7]。苯磺酸瑞馬唑侖是水溶性超短效的苯二氮?類藥物,對(duì)呼吸循環(huán)抑制較輕,具有較咪達(dá)唑侖更大的效力[8],且可被氟馬西尼完全拮抗,被用于無(wú)痛內(nèi)鏡以及全身麻醉[9]。艾司氯胺酮是一種N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受體(N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor,NMDAR)拮抗劑,作為氯胺酮的S-對(duì)映異構(gòu)體,其優(yōu)勢(shì)在于不會(huì)抑制自主呼吸和擬交感活性[10]。既往研究表明,相較于阿片類藥物,艾司氯胺酮是丙泊酚更優(yōu)的鎮(zhèn)靜輔助劑[11]。進(jìn)一步研究證明,與丙泊酚復(fù)合艾司氯胺酮相比,瑞馬唑侖復(fù)合艾司氯胺酮降低了肥胖患者嚴(yán)重低氧血癥的發(fā)生率[12]。艾司氯胺酮禁用于高血壓控制不佳或未經(jīng)治療的患者[靜息狀態(tài)下收縮壓超過180 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),
舒張壓超過100 mmHg],且謹(jǐn)慎用于6個(gè)月內(nèi)發(fā)生不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛及有嚴(yán)重心絞痛發(fā)作病史的患者。即使在術(shù)前控制良好的高血壓患者,圍術(shù)期發(fā)生高血壓導(dǎo)致預(yù)后不良結(jié)果的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)仍然較高[13]。因此,本研究擬將苯磺酸瑞馬唑侖復(fù)合艾司氯胺酮用于控制良好的高血壓患者門診腸鏡檢查(腸治療)麻醉,探究其療效和安全性。
1 對(duì)象與方法
1.1 研究對(duì)象
選取2023年在鄂爾多斯市中心醫(yī)院接受門診腸治療的高血壓患者。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①年齡35~65歲;②美國(guó)麻醉醫(yī)師協(xié)會(huì)(American Society of Anesthesiologists,ASA)分級(jí)Ⅰ至Ⅱ級(jí);③控制良好的高血壓[平素血壓控制在lt;140/90 mmHg;合并糖尿病和(或)慢性腎臟病的高血壓患者,血壓lt;130/80 mmHg],若合并冠狀動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化性心臟?。ü谛牟。?,則限制6個(gè)月內(nèi)未發(fā)生不穩(wěn)定型心絞痛及無(wú)嚴(yán)重心絞痛發(fā)作病史。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①未經(jīng)治療或治療不足的甲狀腺功能亢進(jìn)患者;②肝腎功能異常;③長(zhǎng)期服用單胺氧化酶抑制劑及鎮(zhèn)靜鎮(zhèn)痛藥物;④試驗(yàn)藥物及成分過敏;⑤3個(gè)月內(nèi)參與其他試驗(yàn);⑥認(rèn)知障礙或無(wú)法合作者。
運(yùn)用PASS 15.0根據(jù)2組平均動(dòng)脈壓(mean arterial pressure,MAP)均數(shù)比較的t檢驗(yàn)估算樣本量,結(jié)果顯示在統(tǒng)計(jì)功效為0.9,檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)為0.05的情況下,樣本總量最低需要42例,每組各21例[14],研究最終共招募48例患者。由一位麻醉醫(yī)師采用Microsoft Excel生成隨機(jī)數(shù)對(duì)患者分組,同時(shí)負(fù)責(zé)知情同意書和試驗(yàn)藥物準(zhǔn)備。所有操作均由同一位內(nèi)鏡醫(yī)師和另一位高年資麻醉醫(yī)師進(jìn)行,他們對(duì)患者分組和用藥種類均不知情,所有患者也不知道分組情況。研究結(jié)束后對(duì)分組結(jié)果進(jìn)行揭盲。
本研究獲鄂爾多斯市中心醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)(批件號(hào):第2022-018號(hào)),并在chictr.org(注冊(cè)號(hào):ChiCTR2200066994)注冊(cè),患者及家屬簽署知情同意書。研究過程符合1964年赫爾辛基宣言及其后來的修正案。
1.2 麻醉方法
2組常規(guī)禁飲食,入室建左臂靜脈通路,200 mL/h
生理鹽水靜滴?;颊咦髠?cè)臥位,鼻導(dǎo)管3 L/min持續(xù)吸氧,監(jiān)測(cè)無(wú)創(chuàng)動(dòng)脈血壓(non-invasive blood pressure,NIBP)、心率(heart rate,HR)、脈搏血氧飽和度(saturation of pulse oximetry,SpO2)和呼吸頻率(respiratory rate,RR)。連接呼氣末二氧化碳(partial pressure of end-tidal carbon dioxide,PetCO2)導(dǎo)管,持續(xù)監(jiān)測(cè)呼吸。采用腦電雙頻指數(shù)(bispectral index,BIS)、改良警覺/鎮(zhèn)靜評(píng)分(Modified Observer’s Assessment of Alertness/Sedation,MOAA/S)量表及Ramsay鎮(zhèn)靜評(píng)分評(píng)估麻醉深度。麻醉誘導(dǎo)前靜脈注射戊乙奎醚0.2 mg,隨后靜注2 %利多卡因0.5 mg/kg和艾司氯胺酮0.15 mg/kg,給藥時(shí)間30 s。1 min后,分別靜脈注射0.15~0.25 mg/kg苯磺酸瑞馬唑侖(R組)或1~2 mg/kg丙泊酚(P組),注射速率為1 mL/s,若患者出現(xiàn)鎮(zhèn)靜不足,則視為誘導(dǎo)失敗,麻醉醫(yī)師15 min內(nèi)可最多靜推3次苯磺酸瑞馬唑侖0.1 mg/kg(R組)或丙泊酚0.25 mg/kg(P組),且間隔2 min及以上。若鎮(zhèn)靜仍不足,則宣布補(bǔ)救措施失敗,靜脈注射0.02 mg/kg咪達(dá)唑侖復(fù)合0.05 mg/kg艾司氯胺酮補(bǔ)救,并剔除該患者。當(dāng)MOAA/S評(píng)分≤3分時(shí),開始腸治療,同時(shí)泵注1~2 mg/(kg·h)苯磺酸瑞馬唑侖或2~4 mg/(kg·h)丙泊酚維持鎮(zhèn)靜。在腸治療期間,BIS維持在50~70之間且Ramsay鎮(zhèn)靜評(píng)分維持在5~6分。當(dāng)MAP波動(dòng)超過20 %,給予10 mg烏拉地爾或40 μg腎上腺素治療。HRlt;50次/分時(shí)給予阿托品0.2 mg,HRgt;100次/分時(shí)給予艾司洛爾20 mg。若出現(xiàn)SpO2lt;90%,持續(xù)時(shí)間超過10 s則視為呼吸抑制,處理措施包括抬下頜、雙手托頜法、面罩通氣、氣管插管。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
收集患者一般資料,包括年齡、性別、體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(body mass index,BMI)、ASA分級(jí)及合并癥。
主要觀察指標(biāo)為T1~T8 MAP,T1為入室即刻,T2為靜脈注射艾司氯胺酮后,T3為腸治療開始即刻,T4為內(nèi)鏡到達(dá)盲腸時(shí),T5為腸治療結(jié)束即刻,T6為腸治療術(shù)后5 min,T7為腸治療術(shù)后10 min,T8為出室時(shí)。
次要觀察指標(biāo):①T1~T8 HR、RR、SpO2。②
T1~T8心肌耗氧指標(biāo):心率血壓乘積(rate pressure product,RPP=收縮壓×HR) 和血壓心率商(pressure rate quotient,PRQ=MAP/HR)。③誘導(dǎo)成功率,誘導(dǎo)成功定義為不需要替代和(或)追加鎮(zhèn)靜劑。④圍術(shù)期時(shí)間指標(biāo)(誘導(dǎo)時(shí)間、操作時(shí)間、蘇醒時(shí)間、出院時(shí)間)。誘導(dǎo)時(shí)間定義為首次給予鎮(zhèn)靜藥物到MOAA/S評(píng)分≤3分的時(shí)間。操作時(shí)間為內(nèi)鏡置入到取出時(shí)間。蘇醒時(shí)間為內(nèi)鏡取出到患者完全清醒(MOAA/S=5,Ramsay鎮(zhèn)靜評(píng)分=2)的時(shí)間。出院時(shí)間為腸治療結(jié)束到患者達(dá)到改良麻醉后出院評(píng)分系統(tǒng)量表≥9分的時(shí)間。⑤T1~T5的鎮(zhèn)靜指標(biāo):BIS值、MOAA/S評(píng)分以及Ramsay鎮(zhèn)靜評(píng)分。⑥術(shù)后醫(yī)患滿意度(使用
10 mm視覺模擬尺度測(cè)量:1分為完全不滿意,10分為完全滿意)。⑦認(rèn)知水平[在鎮(zhèn)靜前和完全蘇醒后10 min使用小型精神狀態(tài)檢查量表(Mini-Mental State Examination,MMSE)的中文修訂版評(píng)估,MMSE共30個(gè)測(cè)試項(xiàng),每項(xiàng)回答正確計(jì)1分,錯(cuò)誤或不知道計(jì)0分,24~30分為正常,10~23分為輕度認(rèn)知障礙,0~9分為重度認(rèn)知障礙]、術(shù)后恢復(fù)質(zhì)量[出院時(shí)使用15項(xiàng)恢復(fù)質(zhì)量量表(Quality of Recovery-15,QoR-15)評(píng)價(jià)術(shù)后恢復(fù)質(zhì)量,每項(xiàng)滿分10分,共150分,118分及以上為術(shù)后恢復(fù)良好,分?jǐn)?shù)越高代表恢復(fù)質(zhì)量越好]、疲勞水平(在完全蘇醒后15 min,采用10分評(píng)分量表進(jìn)行分級(jí):1分為無(wú)疲勞,10分為極端疲勞);
記錄不良事件,包括呼吸抑制、最低SpO2、心動(dòng)過緩、注射痛、頭暈、術(shù)后惡心嘔吐、幻覺、體動(dòng)、術(shù)中知曉(完全蘇醒5 min后使用Brice問卷評(píng)分進(jìn)行評(píng)估,Brice問卷評(píng)分共5項(xiàng)核心問題,每項(xiàng)根據(jù)回憶的清晰度和強(qiáng)度評(píng)0~2分,總分0~10分,分?jǐn)?shù)越高表示術(shù)中知曉越多,0分為無(wú)知曉)。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
運(yùn)用SPSS 27.0 行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。正態(tài)性檢驗(yàn)采用Shapiro-Wilk檢驗(yàn),符合正態(tài)的計(jì)量資料采用表示,2組均數(shù)比較用t檢驗(yàn)。不符合正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料以M(P25,P75)表示,組間比較采用曼-惠特尼U檢驗(yàn)。計(jì)數(shù)資料用n(%)表示,組間比較采用χ 2檢驗(yàn)或Fisher確切概率法。以雙側(cè)P lt; 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié) 果
2.1 2組患者一般資料
2組患者年齡、性別構(gòu)成、BMI、ASA分級(jí)以及合并癥(糖尿病、高脂血癥、冠心?。┎町惥鶡o(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P gt; 0.05),見表1。
2.2 2組患者不同時(shí)刻MAP比較
T6時(shí)R組MAP高于P組(P lt; 0.05),其他時(shí)間點(diǎn)2組MAP差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P gt; 0.05),見表2。
2.3 2組患者生命體征
2.3.1 2組患者不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)HR比較
T3~T5時(shí),R組HR高于P組(均P lt; 0.05),其他時(shí)間點(diǎn)2組HR差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P gt; 0.05),見表3。
2.3.2 2組患者不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)呼吸指標(biāo)比較
2組腸治療期間RR均下降,R組RR下降幅度較緩,T3~T5時(shí)R組均高于P組(均P lt; 0.05),見圖1A。各時(shí)間點(diǎn)2組間SpO2差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P gt; 0.05),見圖1B。
2.4 2組患者不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)心肌耗氧指標(biāo)比較
2組腸治療期間RPP均降低,R組T3~T6時(shí)RPP高于P組(P lt; 0.05),見圖2A,圍術(shù)期R組PRQ趨勢(shì)更平穩(wěn),T3~T5時(shí)PRQ低于P組(P lt; 0.05),見圖2B。
2.5 2組誘導(dǎo)成功率比較
R組誘導(dǎo)成功率為90.9%(20/22),P組為96.2%(25/26),2組差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P gt; 0.05)。
2.6 2組圍術(shù)期時(shí)間指標(biāo)比較
R組誘導(dǎo)時(shí)間和蘇醒時(shí)間長(zhǎng)于P組(均P lt; 0.05),2組操作時(shí)間和出院時(shí)間比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P gt; 0.05),見表4。
2.7 2組鎮(zhèn)靜指標(biāo)比較
R組T3~T5時(shí)BIS值高于P組(均P lt; 0.05),而T4~T5時(shí)Ramsay鎮(zhèn)靜評(píng)分低于P組(P lt; 0.05),T1~T5 2組MOAA/S評(píng)分差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P gt; 0.05),見表5。
2.8 2組術(shù)后醫(yī)患滿意度比較
R組患者滿意度高于P組(P lt; 0.05),2組內(nèi)鏡醫(yī)師滿意度差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P gt; 0.05),見表6。
2.9 2組患者認(rèn)知與恢復(fù)結(jié)局指標(biāo)比較
R組術(shù)后恢復(fù)質(zhì)量高(P lt; 0.05),其余指標(biāo)2組比較均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P gt; 0.05),見表7。
2.10 2組患者不良事件比較
R組最低血氧飽和度高于P組[(96.1±2.0)% vs. (94.0±2.4)%],注射痛發(fā)生率較低于P組(均P lt; 0.05),其余不良反應(yīng)2組差異均無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P均 gt; 0.05),見表8。
3 討 論
苯磺酸瑞馬唑侖結(jié)合氨基丁酸A型受體發(fā)揮鎮(zhèn)靜效果,具有較高的清除率和較小的穩(wěn)態(tài)分布體積,適用于日間手術(shù)和精細(xì)麻醉[15]。瑞馬唑侖因不具備鎮(zhèn)痛作用,故需與其他麻醉藥物復(fù)合使用[16]。艾司氯胺酮是氯胺酮的S-對(duì)映異構(gòu)體,藥效約為氯胺酮的2倍,可有效降低腸梗阻的發(fā)生率,適合于結(jié)腸鏡檢查[17]。本研究顯示2組誘導(dǎo)成功率相似,提示苯磺酸瑞馬唑侖復(fù)合艾司氯胺酮可用于門診高血壓患者腸治療的麻醉。
本研究顯示R組T6時(shí)MAP高于P組,這可能與瑞馬唑侖對(duì)循環(huán)抑制較小以及艾司氯胺酮抑制兒茶酚胺的重吸收有關(guān)[18-19]。同時(shí)因瑞馬唑侖作為水溶性藥物具備代謝快、無(wú)蓄積等特點(diǎn)[19],提升了患者的蘇醒質(zhì)量。在腸治療期間,2組HR均有所降低,但R組T3~T5期間HR下降幅度更小,盡管有1例心動(dòng)過緩發(fā)生,但發(fā)生在麻醉維持階段,且發(fā)生率低于P組,故考慮與泵注苯磺酸瑞馬唑侖有關(guān),相關(guān)研究指出復(fù)合艾司氯胺酮麻醉可減輕麻醉期間HR波動(dòng)[20-21],因此證明艾司氯胺酮在維持腸治療期間血流動(dòng)力學(xué)穩(wěn)定有積極作用。此外,2組麻醉期間SpO2均有所降低,R組最低SpO2較P組高,這與前期研究一致,即瑞馬唑侖與艾司氯胺酮均對(duì)呼吸抑制較輕[22]。
在麻醉誘導(dǎo)期間藥品選擇不當(dāng)或劑量過大時(shí),會(huì)加重高血壓患者心肌缺血缺氧[23]。心肌耗氧量主要由心肌張力、心肌收縮強(qiáng)度和心率決定,故臨床上常用RPP和PRQ作為評(píng)估心肌耗氧的指標(biāo)。RPPlt;12 000說明心肌局部缺血,超出20 000則有可能發(fā)生心絞痛;PRQgt;1提示心肌氧供需平衡趨于最佳狀態(tài)[24]。本研究顯示2組腸治療期間RPP均降低,且R組PRQ在圍術(shù)期更平穩(wěn),提示治療期間2組均可抑制應(yīng)激反應(yīng)、降低心肌耗氧量,同時(shí)R組可維持心肌氧供需平衡。R組T3~T6 時(shí)RPP高,表明R組可提供良好心肌氧供。在T3~T5時(shí)R組PRQ低,這可能與R組心動(dòng)過緩的發(fā)生率低于P組有關(guān)。盡管較低的HR可減少心肌耗氧量,但心動(dòng)過緩易誘發(fā)惡性心律失常。綜上所述,R組可維持心肌氧供的同時(shí)確保心肌氧供需平衡。
丙泊酚常通過BIS監(jiān)測(cè)麻醉深度,同時(shí),也有研究顯示BIS監(jiān)測(cè)同樣適用于瑞馬唑侖[25]。但與既往試驗(yàn)相比,本研究中2組BIS值略高,這可能是由于艾司氯胺酮對(duì)腦電圖的影響所致[26],在艾司氯胺酮鎮(zhèn)靜期間單獨(dú)使用BIS監(jiān)測(cè)可能是不合理的[27]。因此,本研究使用了MOAA/S、Ramsay鎮(zhèn)靜評(píng)分綜合評(píng)估。結(jié)果2組MOAA/S評(píng)分差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。R組T3~T5時(shí)BIS值較高,但Ramsay鎮(zhèn)靜評(píng)分在T4~T5時(shí)評(píng)分低于P組,提示R組在腸治療中能達(dá)到有效鎮(zhèn)靜,且可避免因麻醉過深和BIS值過低發(fā)生術(shù)后譫妄和蘇醒延遲[28-29]。
R組的誘導(dǎo)和蘇醒時(shí)間均延長(zhǎng),這常與內(nèi)鏡醫(yī)師的滿意度有關(guān)[30],本試驗(yàn)中2組內(nèi)鏡醫(yī)師滿意度無(wú)明顯差異可能原因?yàn)楸交撬崛瘃R唑侖提供滿意的麻醉鎮(zhèn)靜且未延長(zhǎng)出室時(shí)間;R組患者滿意度明顯較高,這與患者疲勞和注射痛水平降低有關(guān)。綜上所述,苯磺酸瑞馬唑侖復(fù)合艾司氯胺酮更適于高血壓患者門診腸治療。
試驗(yàn)對(duì)象均來自鄂爾多斯市高原地區(qū),可能在人群選擇上存在局限性且樣本量有限,后續(xù)可通過多中心研究進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證結(jié)果。此外,本試驗(yàn)未對(duì)不同劑量的艾司氯胺酮進(jìn)行探討,有待后續(xù)對(duì)最佳劑量做進(jìn)一步探討。
總之,苯磺酸瑞馬唑侖復(fù)合艾司氯胺酮與丙泊酚組的療效相當(dāng),血流動(dòng)力學(xué)更穩(wěn)定,注射痛較少,患者滿意度及術(shù)后恢復(fù)質(zhì)量高,可用于高血壓患者門診腸治療,雖然誘導(dǎo)和覺醒時(shí)間較長(zhǎng),但可通過增加給藥劑量以及氟馬西尼拮抗來改善。
利益沖突聲明:本研究未受到企業(yè)、公司等第三方資助,不存在潛在利益沖突。
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