[摘要]目的:探討納米復(fù)合樹脂用于上頜前牙區(qū)美學(xué)修復(fù)的效果。方法:選擇2021年6月-2023年6月南京大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬口腔醫(yī)院收治的行上頜前牙區(qū)美學(xué)修復(fù)的患者為研究對(duì)象,按隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為觀察組和對(duì)照組,每組59例。對(duì)照組采取光固化復(fù)合樹脂修復(fù),觀察組采取納米復(fù)合樹脂修復(fù)。兩組修復(fù)后均隨訪3個(gè)月,于修復(fù)后3個(gè)月評(píng)估患者臨床療效;記錄并比較不同時(shí)間(修復(fù)后1、2、3個(gè)月)的疼痛水平[視覺模擬評(píng)分法(Visual analogue scale,VAS)]、術(shù)后敏感發(fā)生情況;修復(fù)前、修復(fù)后3個(gè)月的牙修復(fù)體臨床評(píng)分(Ryge評(píng)分)、紅色美學(xué)指數(shù)(Pink esthetic score,PES)評(píng)分、牙周相關(guān)指標(biāo);記錄并比較兩組隨訪期間修復(fù)體松動(dòng)及脫落情況。結(jié)果:修復(fù)后,觀察組邊緣密合度、顏色匹配度A級(jí)修復(fù)患者占比高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);修復(fù)后3個(gè)月,兩組VAS評(píng)分均低于修復(fù)后1個(gè)月、2個(gè)月,且觀察組低于對(duì)照組,兩組時(shí)點(diǎn)、組間及交互比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);修復(fù)后,兩組Ryge評(píng)分均低于修復(fù)前,且觀察組Ryge評(píng)分低于對(duì)照組;PES評(píng)分高于修復(fù)前,且PES評(píng)分高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);修復(fù)后1個(gè)月、2個(gè)月、3個(gè)月,觀察組牙敏感發(fā)生率低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);觀察組修復(fù)體穩(wěn)固性高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05);修復(fù)后,兩組牙周相關(guān)指標(biāo)均低于修復(fù)前,且觀察組低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:納米復(fù)合樹脂能夠有效提升上頜前牙區(qū)美學(xué)修復(fù)效果,降低患者術(shù)后敏感發(fā)生率,改善牙齒美觀度,提升修復(fù)體穩(wěn)固性。
[關(guān)鍵詞]納米復(fù)合樹脂;光固化復(fù)合樹脂;上頜前牙區(qū);修復(fù);美學(xué)效果;穩(wěn)固性
[中圖分類號(hào)]R783.4" " [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]A" " [文章編號(hào)]1008-6455(2025)04-0137-05
Analysis of the Clinical Effect of Nano Composite Resin for Cosmetic Repair of Maxillary Anterior Teeth
WANG Qingfeng, WU Ying
( Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China )
Abstract: Objective" To investigate the effect of nano-composite resin on cosmetic repair of maxillary anterior teeth. Methods" From June 2021 to June 2023, patients who underwent cosmetic repair of maxillary anterior teeth in the Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing University Medical College were selected as the research objects. They were divided into two groups according to the random number table method, 59 cases in each group. The control group was repaired with light-cured composite resin, and the observation group was repaired with nano-composite resin. The two groups were followed up for 3 months after repair,and the clinical efficacy of the patients was evaluated at 3 months after repair. The pain level [visual analogue scale (VAS)] and postoperative sensitivity at different time points (1 month, 2 months and 3 months after repair) were recorded and compared. Clinical score (Ryge), pink aesthetic index ( PES ) score, periodontal related indexes [gingival index (GI), plaque index (PLI), sulcus bleeding index (SBI), tooth mobility (MD)] were measured before and 3 months after restoration.The prosthesis loosening, prosthesis shedding were recorded and compared between the two groups during the follow-up period. Results" After repair, the proportion of A-grade repair patients in the observation group was higher than that in the control group in terms of edge fit, color matching" (P<0.05). After 3 months of repair, the VAS scores of both groups were lower than those of 1 and 2 months after repair, and the observation group was lower than the control group. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of time points, between groups, and interaction comparison (P<0.05). After repair, the Ryge scores of both groups were lower than before repair, and the Ryge score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group, The PES score was higher than before repair, and the PES score was higher than the control group (P<0.05). At 1, 2, and 3 months after restoration, the incidence of tooth sensitivity in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The stability of the restoration in the observation group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). After restoration, the periodontal related indicators in both groups were lower than before restoration, and the observation group was lower than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion" Nanocomposite resin can effectively improve the clinical efficacy of patients with cosmetic repair of maxillary anterior teeth,reduce the incidence of postoperative sensitivity,improve the aesthetics of teeth,improve the stability of repair.
Key words: nano-composite resin; light-cured composite resin; maxillary anterior teeth; repair; cosmetic effect; stability
牙斑、齲齒及牙齒斷裂等均屬于口腔科常見問題,異常的牙齒形態(tài)、咬合,可對(duì)患者咀嚼、面容、牙周組織造成損傷[1]。上頜前牙區(qū)被認(rèn)為是“微笑美學(xué)”的重要組成部分,如發(fā)生缺損、缺失不僅影響患者口腔健康,還會(huì)對(duì)患者外貌造成影響,導(dǎo)致患者焦慮、抑郁[2]。目前臨床對(duì)于上頜前牙區(qū)修復(fù)主要以恢復(fù)牙齒形態(tài)、顏色及牙列功能為主。隨著牙齒修復(fù)技術(shù)的進(jìn)步,牙齒填充材料也不斷創(chuàng)新,如納米復(fù)合樹脂、光固化復(fù)合樹脂等,其中光固化復(fù)合樹脂屬于臨床較為常用的修復(fù)材料,其具有操作簡(jiǎn)單、成形準(zhǔn)確、美觀自然的優(yōu)勢(shì)[3]。但有研究認(rèn)為,光固化復(fù)合樹脂中存在較大顆粒,在進(jìn)行填充時(shí),可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)細(xì)微小孔,導(dǎo)致細(xì)菌、唾液進(jìn)入,誘發(fā)一系列并發(fā)癥[4]。納米復(fù)合樹脂是由多面體低聚倍半硅氧烷(POSS)構(gòu)成的復(fù)合材料,POSS屬于有機(jī)硅化合物,具有韌性強(qiáng)、硬度高的特點(diǎn)[5]。兩者各具優(yōu)勢(shì),但目前臨床對(duì)于牙齒美容修復(fù)填充材料的選擇尚未明確最優(yōu)方案。鑒于此,本研究著重分析納米復(fù)合樹脂用于上頜前牙區(qū)美容修復(fù)的效果,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1" 資料和方法
1.1 一般資料:采取前瞻性研究,選擇2021年6月-2023年6月筆者醫(yī)院收治的行上頜前牙區(qū)美學(xué)修復(fù)的患者為研究對(duì)象,按隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為兩組,每組59例。觀察組:男31例,女28例;患牙89顆,其中齲齒72顆、楔形缺損7顆、外傷缺損2顆、氟斑牙8顆;年齡21~52歲,平均年齡(36.70±5.03)歲。對(duì)照組:男26例,女33例;患牙91顆,其中齲齒71顆、楔形缺損7顆、外傷缺損3顆、氟斑牙10顆;年齡20~53歲,平均年齡(36.50±5.43)歲。兩組一般資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.1.1 納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①牙髓活力正常;②年齡≥18歲;③咬合關(guān)系正常;④符合樹脂修復(fù)適應(yīng)證;⑤患者均知情同意且已簽署同意書。
1.1.2 排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①有牙敏感史;②合并磨牙癥者;③隱裂牙;④合并血液疾病者;⑤合并嚴(yán)重感染者;⑥對(duì)樹脂材料過敏者;⑦齲洞接近髓角者。
1.2 方法:清潔患者牙面,磨除牙體周圍壞死組織,隨后自然光下比色并用相機(jī)記錄,使用橡皮障(3M Unitek Corporation,國(guó)械注進(jìn)20162171321)隔濕。去除齲壞組織,預(yù)備洞緣斜面,對(duì)粘接面進(jìn)行調(diào)磨粗化,如患者缺損近髓,則用氫氧化鈣(DENTSPLY Caulk,國(guó)械注進(jìn)20153172897)護(hù)髓,隨后使用酸蝕粘接劑[Dental Life Sciences (Mfg) Ltd,國(guó)械注進(jìn)20192170261]酸蝕30 s,隨后沖洗去除酸蝕粘接劑。沖洗完畢后進(jìn)行干燥,均勻、全面涂抹粘接劑(DENTSPLY DeTrey GmbH,國(guó)械注進(jìn)20203170259),吹干固化10 s。對(duì)照組患者使用光固化復(fù)合樹脂(3M ESPE Dental Products,國(guó)械注進(jìn)20193170355)進(jìn)行修復(fù),關(guān)閉手術(shù)燈,將樹脂平鋪于洞底,分層填充光固化復(fù)合樹脂,每層光固化20~40 s。觀察組患者使用納米復(fù)合樹脂(3M ESPE Dental Products,國(guó)械注進(jìn)20153172369)進(jìn)行修復(fù),分層填充,每層固化40 s,最后進(jìn)行鄰面磨光。術(shù)后兩組均隨訪3個(gè)月。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
1.3.1 臨床療效:修復(fù)后3個(gè)月,參照陳宏吉等[6]研究評(píng)估患者臨床療效。包括邊緣密合度(A級(jí):修復(fù)體與基牙無間隙;B級(jí):修復(fù)體與基牙有較小間隙,牙本質(zhì)未暴露;C級(jí):探針可進(jìn)入牙間隙探到牙本質(zhì))、顏色匹配度(A級(jí):修復(fù)體顏色明暗度、透光度與鄰牙基本一致;B級(jí):修復(fù)體顏色明暗度、透光度與鄰牙存在輕微差異;C級(jí):修復(fù)體顏色明暗度、透光度與鄰牙存在較大差異)、修復(fù)體完整度(A級(jí):修復(fù)體完整;B級(jí):修復(fù)體裂紋完整,但肉眼可見微裂;C級(jí):折裂部分或全部破裂)。
1.3.2 視覺模擬評(píng)分法(VAS)[7]疼痛評(píng)分:于患者修復(fù)后1、2、3個(gè)月,使用VAS評(píng)估患者疼痛水平,VAS總分10分,分?jǐn)?shù)越高疼痛越明顯。
1.3.3 牙修復(fù)體臨床評(píng)分(Ryge評(píng)分)[8]、紅色美學(xué)指數(shù)(PES)[9]評(píng)分:于患者修復(fù)前、修復(fù)后3個(gè)月,使用Ryge、PES評(píng)估患者敏感程度及牙體美學(xué)效果。Ryge總分1~3分,分?jǐn)?shù)越高牙體越敏感;PES包括牙槽突外形及軟組織形態(tài)、顏色、質(zhì)地等7個(gè)維度,每個(gè)維度0~2分,分?jǐn)?shù)越高美學(xué)程度越好。
1.3.4 術(shù)后敏感發(fā)生情況:記錄患者修復(fù)后1、2、3個(gè)月的牙齒敏感發(fā)生情況。
1.3.5 牙周相關(guān)指標(biāo):于患者修復(fù)前、修復(fù)后3個(gè)月,評(píng)估患者牙齦指數(shù)(GI)、菌斑指數(shù)(PLI)、齦溝出血指數(shù)(SBI)、牙齒松動(dòng)度(MD),GI、PLI總分為0~3分,SBI總分0~5分,MD總分0~2分,上述指標(biāo)均分?jǐn)?shù)越高相應(yīng)指數(shù)越差。
1.3.6 修復(fù)體穩(wěn)固性評(píng)估:記錄患者隨訪3個(gè)月期間修復(fù)體松動(dòng)、修復(fù)體脫落情況,穩(wěn)固率=[總例數(shù)-(修復(fù)體松動(dòng)+修復(fù)體脫落)例數(shù)]/總例數(shù)×100%。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析:采用SPSS 25.0軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)處理,計(jì)量資料以“xˉ±s”表示,兩組間比較采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn),組內(nèi)比較采用配對(duì)t檢驗(yàn),兩組多時(shí)點(diǎn)比較采用重復(fù)測(cè)量檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料用“n(%)”表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn),等級(jí)資料采取秩和檢驗(yàn);檢驗(yàn)水平α=0.05。
2" 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組臨床療效比較:修復(fù)后,觀察組邊緣密合度、顏色匹配度A級(jí)修復(fù)患者占比高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。見表1。
2.2 兩組不同時(shí)間VAS評(píng)分比較:修復(fù)后3個(gè)月,兩組VAS評(píng)分均低于修復(fù)后1、2個(gè)月,呈下降趨勢(shì),且觀察組低于對(duì)照組,兩組時(shí)間、組間及交互比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表2。
2.3 兩組Ryge、PES評(píng)分比較:修復(fù)后,兩組Ryge評(píng)分低于修復(fù)前,PES評(píng)分高于修復(fù)前,且觀察組Ryge評(píng)分低于對(duì)照組,PES評(píng)分高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。見表3。
2.4 兩組修復(fù)后不同時(shí)間牙齒敏感發(fā)生情況比較:修復(fù)后1、2、3個(gè)月,觀察組牙齒敏感發(fā)生率均低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。見表4。
2.5 兩組修復(fù)體穩(wěn)固性比較:觀察組修復(fù)體穩(wěn)固率96.61%,高于對(duì)照組的84.75%(P<0.05)。見表5。
2.6 兩組牙周相關(guān)指標(biāo)比較:修復(fù)后,兩組GI、SBI、PLI、MD評(píng)分均低于修復(fù)前,且觀察組低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。見表6。
2.7 典型病例:觀察組典型病例見圖1~3。
3" 討論
上前牙包括尖牙、中切牙及側(cè)切牙,具有咀嚼、發(fā)音及審美功能,同時(shí)因其位置的特殊性,易發(fā)生缺損、牙斑,不僅影響正??谇还δ?,還會(huì)影響患者面部美觀[10]。隨著患者口腔治療要求的提高,“牙齦美學(xué)”被患者及臨床醫(yī)生所關(guān)注,口腔美學(xué)修復(fù)屬于口腔醫(yī)學(xué)中交叉學(xué)科,可滿足患者生物學(xué)要求及美學(xué)規(guī)律。
生物材料填充修復(fù)是臨床最常見的治療方式,復(fù)合樹脂是牙齒美學(xué)修復(fù)的主要材料,復(fù)合樹脂是由有機(jī)樹脂基質(zhì)和經(jīng)過表面處理的無機(jī)填料組成的牙體修復(fù)材料[11]。光固化復(fù)合樹脂及納米復(fù)合樹脂均屬于臨床常用口腔修復(fù)材料,其中光固化復(fù)合樹脂具有適應(yīng)證范圍廣,塑性準(zhǔn)確的特點(diǎn),拋光后色澤自然,機(jī)械性能好[12]。納米復(fù)合樹脂具有流動(dòng)性適中、均勻的特點(diǎn),可使整個(gè)樹脂表面光滑平整,便于術(shù)者操作。兩者在臨床應(yīng)用中各具優(yōu)勢(shì)。
術(shù)后牙齒敏感是牙齒美學(xué)修復(fù)后常見癥狀,臨床認(rèn)為其發(fā)生主要與牙本質(zhì)損傷相關(guān)。研究認(rèn)為,細(xì)菌侵襲及熱量刺激是牙齒美學(xué)修復(fù)后造成牙本質(zhì)損傷的重要原因[13]。本次研究結(jié)果顯示,觀察組術(shù)后敏感發(fā)生率、VAS評(píng)分均低于對(duì)照組,表明納米復(fù)合樹脂用于上頜前牙區(qū)美學(xué)修復(fù)能夠有效改善患者術(shù)后疼痛,降低牙齒敏感發(fā)生率。光固化復(fù)合樹脂的填料為亞微米組成,顆粒直徑為1~10μm,顆粒較大,在牙體修復(fù)過程中口腔內(nèi)水分、細(xì)菌可發(fā)生微漏,對(duì)患者牙髓造成損傷,從而增加術(shù)后敏感發(fā)生率。而納米復(fù)合樹脂填料直徑僅為0.005~0.01μm,可直接進(jìn)入聚合鏈之間,從而避免凝聚成叢現(xiàn)象,減少微漏發(fā)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),從而減輕術(shù)后牙髓刺激,降低牙敏感發(fā)生率,緩解術(shù)后牙齒疼痛。
良好的口腔健康除無明顯的病理癥狀和體征外,還應(yīng)具備理想的顏色、形態(tài)及結(jié)構(gòu)等,以滿足患者身心需求。本次研究結(jié)果顯示,觀察組PES評(píng)分高于對(duì)照組,觀察組GI、SBI、PLI、MD評(píng)分低于對(duì)照組,表明納米復(fù)合樹脂能夠有效滿足上頜前牙區(qū)美學(xué)修復(fù)患者的美學(xué)需求,改善牙周狀況。研究顯示,納米復(fù)合樹脂具有與牙釉質(zhì)相似的耐磨性與拋光性,經(jīng)拋光后可獲取與鄰牙相似的色澤[14-15]。由此可見納米復(fù)合樹脂能夠提升患者牙齒美觀度。
本次研究結(jié)果還顯示,觀察組穩(wěn)固性高于對(duì)照組,表明納米復(fù)合樹脂能夠有效提升修復(fù)體穩(wěn)固性。原因在于納米復(fù)合材料中的POSS單體具有納米籠形剛性結(jié)構(gòu),與樹脂交聯(lián)后,可限制樹脂自由變化,降低納米復(fù)合樹脂的體積收縮,增強(qiáng)材料的硬度與韌性,從而避免修復(fù)體碎裂、脫落,增強(qiáng)穩(wěn)固性。而較強(qiáng)的穩(wěn)固性,能夠降低修復(fù)體折裂、滲漏風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。同時(shí)研究顯示,納米復(fù)合樹脂的細(xì)胞毒性遠(yuǎn)低于光固化復(fù)合樹脂,對(duì)人牙髓細(xì)胞毒性為0級(jí),對(duì)牙髓質(zhì)刺激較小[16]。
綜上所述,納米復(fù)合樹脂能夠有效提升上頜前牙區(qū)美學(xué)修復(fù)患者的臨床療效,降低術(shù)后敏感發(fā)生率,改善牙齒美觀度,提升修復(fù)體穩(wěn)固性。
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[收稿日期]2023-11-28
本文引用格式:汪青風(fēng),吳穎.納米復(fù)合樹脂用于上頜前牙區(qū)美學(xué)修復(fù)的臨床效果分析[J].中國(guó)美容醫(yī)學(xué),2025,34(4):137-141.