摘要""目的:探討血清長(zhǎng)非編碼RNA鋅指NFX1反義RNA1(LncRNA ZFAS1)和長(zhǎng)非編碼RNA?;撬嵘险{(diào)基因1(LncRNA TUG1)對(duì)老年慢性心力衰竭(CHF)病人預(yù)后的評(píng)估價(jià)值。方法:選取2019年1月—2020年5月濟(jì)南市第四人民醫(yī)院心血管內(nèi)科收治的207例老年CHF病人(CHF組),同期在醫(yī)院的56名體檢健康者(對(duì)照組);根據(jù)老年CHF病人預(yù)后分為預(yù)后不良組(76例)和預(yù)后良好組(131例)。采用定量逆轉(zhuǎn)錄聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)(qRT-PCR)檢測(cè)血清LncRNA ZFAS1、LncRNA TUG1水平。通過老年CHF病人預(yù)后不良的影響因素及血清LncRNA ZFAS1、LncRNA TUG1水平評(píng)估老年CHF病人預(yù)后不良的價(jià)值,分別采用多因素非條件Logistic回歸分析和受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線分析。結(jié)果:與對(duì)照組比較,CHF組血清LncRNA ZFAS1、LncRNA TUG1水平更高(P<0.001)。與預(yù)后良好組比較,預(yù)后不良組血清LncRNA ZFAS1、LncRNA TUG1水平更高(P<0.001)。LncRNA ZFAS1[OR=1.232,95%CI(1.093,1.390)]、LncRNA TUG1[OR=1.062,95%CI(1.024,1.102)]升高為老年CHF病人預(yù)后不良的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.05)。ROC曲線分析顯示,血清LncRNA ZFAS1、LncRNA TUG1單獨(dú)與聯(lián)合評(píng)估老年CHF病人預(yù)后不良的ROC曲線下面積分別為0.784,0.777,0.863。結(jié)論:血清LncRNA ZFAS1、LncRNA TUG1水平升高是老年CHF病人預(yù)后不良的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,二者聯(lián)合對(duì)老年CHF病人預(yù)后不良的輔助預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值較高,可能成為老年CHF病人預(yù)后不良的輔助預(yù)測(cè)指標(biāo)。
關(guān)鍵詞""慢性心力衰竭;老年人;長(zhǎng)非編碼RNA 鋅指NFX1反義RNA1;長(zhǎng)非編碼RNA?;撬嵘险{(diào)基因1;預(yù)后
doi:10.12102/j.issn.1672-1349.2025.06.005
Prognostic Value of Serum LncRNA ZFAS1 and LncRNA TUG1 for Prognosis in Elderly Patients with Chronic Heart Failure
LIU Xiaolin, MA Wenhui, ZHANG Yujie, YU Huapeng, MA Shengting
The Fourth People's Hospital of Jinan, Jinan 250031, Shandong, China
Corresponding Author "MA Shengting, E-mail: mstlhy@163.com
Abstract Objective:To observe the prognostic value of serum long non-coding RNA zinc finger NFX1 antisense RNA1(LncRNA ZFAS1) and long non-coding RNA taurine up-regulated gene 1(LncRNA TUG1) in elderly patients with chronic heart failure(CHF).Methods:Two hundred and seven elderly CHF patients were selected(CHF group),and 56 healthy subjects(control group) were selected.According to the prognosis of elderly CHF patients,they were divided into poor prognosis group(76 cases) and better prognosis group(131 cases).The levels of serum LncRNA ZFAS1 and LncRNA TUG1 were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(qRT-PCR).The value of evaluating prognosis based on serum LncRNA ZFAS1 and LncRNA TUG1 levels analyzed by multivariate unconditional Logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis,respectively.Results:The levels of serum LncRNA ZFAS1 and LncRNA TUG1 in the CHF group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.001).The levels of serum LncRNA ZFAS1 and LncRNA TUG1 in the poor prognosis group were higher than those in the better prognosis group(P<0.001).LncRNA ZFAS1(OR=1.232,95%CI 1.093-1.390) and LncRNA TUG1(OR=1.062,95%CI 1.024-1.102) were independent risk factors for poor prognosis in elderly patients with CHF(P<0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the area under ROC curve of serum LncRNA ZFAS1 and LncRNA TUG1 for poor prognosis in elderly patients with CHF were 0.784,0.777,and 0.863,respectively.Conclusion:Elevated levels of serum LncRNA ZFAS1 and LncRNA TUG1 in elderly patients with CHF were independent risk factors for poor prognosis.The combination of serum LncRNA ZFAS1 and LncRNA TUG1 showed a higher auxiliary prediction of poor prognosis in elderly patients with CHF,and might be an auxiliary predictor of poor prognosis in elderly patients with CHF.
Keywords""chronic heart failure; elderly; long non-coding RNA zinc finger NFX1 antisense RNA1; long non-coding RNA taurine up-regulated gene 1; prognosis
慢性心力衰竭(chronic heart failure,CHF)是常見的臨床綜合征,我國(guó)≥60歲CHF人群年患病率為2 375/10萬,嚴(yán)重威脅老年人生命健康并造成了沉重的醫(yī)療負(fù)擔(dān)[1-2]。長(zhǎng)鏈非編碼RNA(long non-coding RNA,LncRNA)通過炎癥反應(yīng)、細(xì)胞凋亡、心肌纖維化、氧化應(yīng)激等機(jī)制參與CHF發(fā)生發(fā)展[3]。鋅指NFX1反義RNA1(zinc finger NFX1 antisense RNA 1,ZFAS1)和?;撬嵘险{(diào)基因1(taurine up-regulated gene 1,TUG1)是近年來新近發(fā)現(xiàn)的LncRNAs。相關(guān)研究顯示,LncRNA ZFAS1通過誘導(dǎo)心臟組織膠原沉積導(dǎo)致心肌纖維化[4],LncRNA TUG1可促進(jìn)缺氧復(fù)氧大鼠心肌細(xì)胞凋亡[5]。臨床研究報(bào)道,LncRNA ZFAS1與心肌梗死病人介入術(shù)后心力衰竭發(fā)生有關(guān)[6],LncRNA TUG1與老年高血壓病人并發(fā)心力衰竭有關(guān)[7]。然而關(guān)于二者與老年CHF病人預(yù)后關(guān)系的研究報(bào)道較少,基于此本研究通過檢測(cè)血清LncRNA ZFAS1、LncRNA TUG1水平,探討血清LncRNA ZFAS1、LncRNA TUG1與老年CHF病人預(yù)后的關(guān)系。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取2019年1月—2020年5月濟(jì)南市第四人民醫(yī)院心血管內(nèi)科收治的老年CHF病人207例(CHF組),男139例,女68例;年齡60~91(71.98±6.88)歲;體質(zhì)指數(shù)17.83~29.85(22.60±1.95)kg/m2;病程3~24[16.00(13.00,20.00)]年。另選取醫(yī)院同期體檢健康者56名(對(duì)照組),男39名,女17名;年齡60~87(70.18±5.17)歲;體質(zhì)指數(shù)18.68~27.68(22.74±1.83)kg/m2。兩組性別、年齡、體質(zhì)指數(shù)比較,差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。本研究病人及家屬均知情并簽署同意書,并經(jīng)醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)(編號(hào):LL20250006)。
納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):年齡≥60歲;符合CHF相關(guān)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[8]。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):先天性心臟疾??;院內(nèi)死亡;急性心力衰竭;惡性腫瘤;資料不完整或不能接受隨訪;妊娠期或哺乳期婦女;嚴(yán)重肝腎功能不全。
1.2 方法
采集CHF組入院次日和對(duì)照組體檢時(shí)空腹靜脈血3 mL,以3 000 r/min離心15 min(半徑15 cm),取上層血清,采用Trizol法提取總RNA后反轉(zhuǎn)錄為cDNA,按照SYBR?"Premix Ex TaqTM試劑盒(上海赫果生物科技有限公司,編號(hào):DRR820A)說明書進(jìn)行檢測(cè),引物設(shè)計(jì)和合成由武漢天一華煜基因科技有限公司完成。采用2-△△CT法計(jì)算血清LncRNA ZFAS1、LncRNA TUG1表達(dá)水平。LncRNA ZFAS1正向引物:5′-GCCGAGGTCCAGTTTTCCCA-3′,反向引物:5′-"CTCAACTGGTGTCGTGGA-3′;LncRNA TUG1正向引物:5′-TAGCAGTTCCCCAATCCTTG-3′,反向引物:5′-CACAAATTCCCATCATTCCC-3′;內(nèi)參甘油醛-3-磷酸脫氫酶(GAPDH)正向引物:5′-"CAAGGTCATCCATGACAACTTTG-3′,反向引物:5′-"GTCCACCACCCTGTTGCTGTAG-3′。反應(yīng)條件:95 ℃"90 s,95 ℃"30 s,63 ℃"30 s,72 ℃"15 s,循環(huán)40次。
1.3 隨訪和分組
CHF病人病情穩(wěn)定出院后隨訪2年,根據(jù)預(yù)后分為預(yù)后不良(再發(fā)心力衰竭入院和心源性死亡)組和預(yù)后良好組。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
采用SPSS 28.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。符合正態(tài)分布和方差齊性的定量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,采用Student′s t檢驗(yàn);不符合正態(tài)分布的定量資料采用非參數(shù)檢驗(yàn)。定性資料以例數(shù)、百分比(%)表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。老年CHF病人預(yù)后不良的影響因素及血清LncRNA ZFAS1、LncRNA TUG1水平評(píng)估老年CHF病人預(yù)后不良的價(jià)值分別采用多因素非條件Logistic回歸分析和受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線分析。檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)α=0.05。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 CHF組與對(duì)照組血清LncRNA ZFAS1、LncRNA TUG1水平比較
CHF組血清LncRNA ZFAS1、LncRNA TUG1水平高于對(duì)照組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001)。詳見表1。
2.2 單因素分析
207例老年CHF病人隨訪2年,預(yù)后不良發(fā)生率為36.71%(76/207)。與預(yù)后良好組比較,預(yù)后不良組年齡更大,病程更長(zhǎng),紐約心臟病協(xié)會(huì)(NYHA)分級(jí)≥Ⅲ級(jí)比例和B型腦利鈉肽(B-type brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)、左室射血分?jǐn)?shù)(left ventricular ejection fraction,LVEF)、LncRNA ZFAS1、LncRNA TUG1水平更高(P<0.001)。詳見表2。
2.3 多因素分析
以LncRNA ZFAS1、LncRNA TUG1為自變量,年齡、病程、NYHA分級(jí)(≥Ⅲ級(jí)=1,<Ⅲ級(jí)=0)、BNP、LVEF為協(xié)變量,預(yù)后(不良=1,良好=0)為因變量進(jìn)行多因素Logistic回歸分析。調(diào)整其他因素后,LncRNA ZFAS1升高、LncRNA TUG1升高為預(yù)后不良的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.01)。詳見表3。
2.4 血清LncRNA ZFAS1、LncRNA TUG1水平對(duì)老年CHF病人預(yù)后不良的評(píng)估價(jià)值
ROC曲線顯示,血清LncRNA ZFAS1、LncRNA TUG1水平聯(lián)合評(píng)估老年CHF病人預(yù)后不良的ROC曲線下面積(AUC)較單一指標(biāo)評(píng)估價(jià)值更大。詳見表4和圖1。
3 討論
老年CHF病人由于機(jī)能自然減退、多重用藥、多種合并癥、多種心血管危險(xiǎn)因素等,病情復(fù)雜且易進(jìn)展為重癥CHF,盡管相關(guān)治療措施取得一定進(jìn)展,但病人預(yù)后不理想[9]。本研究中76例(36.71%)老年CHF病人出現(xiàn)不良預(yù)后,高于國(guó)內(nèi)研究報(bào)道的30.77%[10],提示老年CHF病人預(yù)后更差。目前,主要采用BNP和LVEF評(píng)估CHF病人預(yù)后,BNP受非心源性因素影響因素較多,LVEF受到不同CHF類型影響[8,11]。
新近研究表明,表觀遺傳學(xué)在CHF中發(fā)揮著重要作用,LncRNA作為表觀遺傳學(xué)的研究熱點(diǎn),通過直接或海綿微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)間接調(diào)節(jié)調(diào)控基因,進(jìn)而參與CHF發(fā)生發(fā)展[12]。LncRNA ZFAS1定位于人染色體20q13.13,在心臟、大腦、肺臟、腎臟等多個(gè)組織器官中穩(wěn)定表達(dá),既往研究報(bào)道,LncRNA ZFAS1與惡性腫瘤有關(guān),LncRNA ZFAS1還與心臟疾病密切相關(guān)。Ni等[13]研究顯示,LncRNA ZFAS1在糖尿病心肌病小鼠心肌細(xì)胞中高度表達(dá),抑制LncRNA ZFAS1可靶向miR-150-5p/細(xì)胞周期蛋白D2抑制心肌細(xì)胞凋亡。Chen等[14]研究報(bào)道,LncRNA ZFAS1在膿毒癥心肌病大鼠中高度表達(dá),抑制LncRNA ZFAS1可靶向miR-34b-5p/沉默信息調(diào)節(jié)因子2相關(guān)酶1,進(jìn)而減輕心肌細(xì)胞炎癥反應(yīng),抑制心肌細(xì)胞凋亡。上述研究說明LncRNA ZFAS1與心肌損傷密切相關(guān),臨床研究指出LncRNA ZFAS1升高可能增加心肌梗死病人介入術(shù)后心力衰竭風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[5]。但關(guān)于LncRNA ZFAS1與老年CHF病人預(yù)后的關(guān)系尚未明確。本研究結(jié)果顯示,老年CHF病人血清LncRNA ZFAS1顯著升高,考慮與老年CHF病人心肌細(xì)胞受損后LncRNA ZFAS1釋放進(jìn)入血液有關(guān)。進(jìn)一步本研究分析發(fā)現(xiàn),預(yù)后不良組血清LncRNA ZFAS1升高,與預(yù)后不良獨(dú)立相關(guān),分析原因LncRNA ZFAS1升高可進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)心肌炎癥反應(yīng)和凋亡,導(dǎo)致心功能持續(xù)惡化,進(jìn)而增加病人預(yù)后不良風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[15]。
LncRNA TUG1定位于人染色體22q12.2,最初因其在新生小鼠視網(wǎng)膜細(xì)胞中隨著?;撬峒尤氡磉_(dá)上調(diào)故稱為L(zhǎng)ncRNA TUG1。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),LncRNA TUG1通過促進(jìn)核因子-κB通路活化參與炎癥反應(yīng)過程,在炎癥性疾病中發(fā)揮重要作用[16]。炎癥反應(yīng)是心肌細(xì)胞損傷和凋亡的重要機(jī)制,有研究指出,LncRNA TUG1可激活核因子-κB通路,加重心肌細(xì)胞炎癥級(jí)聯(lián)損害[17]。下調(diào)LncRNA TUG1可抑制膿毒癥心肌病心肌細(xì)胞凋亡[18]。LncRNA TUG1高表達(dá)加重小鼠缺血/再灌后心肌細(xì)胞凋亡[19]。上述研究說明LncRNA TUG1也與心肌損傷有關(guān)。臨床研究顯示,LncRNA TUG1有助于預(yù)測(cè)老年高血壓病人并發(fā)心力衰竭[7]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,老年CHF病人血清LncRNA TUG1升高,考慮與老年CHF病人心肌細(xì)胞受損后LncRNA TUG1釋放進(jìn)入血液有關(guān);進(jìn)一步分析發(fā)現(xiàn),預(yù)后不良組血清LncRNA TUG1顯著升高,與預(yù)后不良獨(dú)立相關(guān)。分析原因是LncRNA TUG1升高激活核因子-κB信號(hào)通路,促使炎癥介質(zhì)、黏附分子、趨化因子等炎性相關(guān)酶聚集于心肌細(xì)胞,引起心肌細(xì)胞持續(xù)炎癥反應(yīng),加重心肌細(xì)胞損害,促進(jìn)凋亡,導(dǎo)致預(yù)后不良風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加[20]。本研究分析結(jié)果還顯示,除BNP和LVEF外,年齡增加和NYHA分級(jí)≥Ⅲ級(jí)可獨(dú)立影響老年CHF病人預(yù)后,分析原因是年齡更高的病人身體狀況更差,合并重癥CHF概率越大,因此預(yù)后不良風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高;NYHA分級(jí)≥Ⅲ級(jí)病人由于心功能嚴(yán)重受損,因此存在更高的預(yù)后不良風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。本研究ROC曲線評(píng)估老年CHF病人預(yù)后發(fā)現(xiàn),血清LncRNA ZFAS1、LncRNA TUG1水平分別為2.17,1.18時(shí),評(píng)估的AUC為0.784,0.777,血清LncRNA ZFAS1、LncRNA TUG1水平聯(lián)合評(píng)估老年CHF病人預(yù)后不良的AUC為0.863,說明血清LncRNA ZFAS1、LncRNA TUG1水平聯(lián)合對(duì)其預(yù)后有較高的評(píng)估價(jià)值,可較好地指導(dǎo)臨床治療。
綜上所述,血清LncRNA ZFAS1、LncRNA TUG1水平升高與老年CHF病人預(yù)后不良密切相關(guān),可能成為老年CHF病人預(yù)后不良的輔助預(yù)測(cè)指標(biāo),且血清LncRNA ZFAS1、LncRNA TUG1水平聯(lián)合評(píng)估老年CHF病人預(yù)后不良的價(jià)值較高。本研究結(jié)果仍需多中心研究驗(yàn)證,進(jìn)一步探討LncRNA ZFAS1、LncRNA TUG1影響老年CHF病人預(yù)后的具體機(jī)制。
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1] 中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)老年醫(yī)學(xué)分會(huì)心血管疾病學(xué)組,《老年慢性心力衰竭診治中國(guó)專家共識(shí)》編寫組.老年人慢性心力衰竭診治中國(guó)專家共識(shí)(2021)[J].中華老年醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2021,40(5):550-561.
[2] WANG H,CHAI K,DU M H,et al.Prevalence and incidence of heart failure among urban patients in China:a national population-based analysis[J].Circulation Heart Failure,2021,14(10):e008406.
[3] 黃思,張圳,萬靜靜,等.長(zhǎng)鏈非編碼RNA在心力衰竭中的作用及臨床意義[J].第二軍醫(yī)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2021,42(4):411-419.
[4] 焦磊,宮熳鈺,張瑩.LncRNA-ZFAS1對(duì)心肌纖維化調(diào)控作用研究[J].中國(guó)藥理學(xué)通報(bào),2021,37(1):38-42.
[5] 梁海軍,顏文華,梁宇晨.ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者lncRNA-ZFAS1/Caspase-3軸的變化及其與急診PCI預(yù)后的關(guān)系[J].中國(guó)動(dòng)脈硬化雜志,2021,29(7):611-616.
[6] 龍琴,肖小培,方凱.LncRNA TUG1/miR-525-5p/NLRC5在缺氧復(fù)氧大鼠心肌細(xì)胞中的作用機(jī)制研究[J].解剖科學(xué)進(jìn)展,2020,26(3):284-287;291.
[7] ZHANG S,JIN R Z,LI B.Serum NT-proBNP and TUG1 as novel biomarkers for elderly hypertensive patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction[J].Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine,2021,21(5):446.
[8] 中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)心血管病學(xué)分會(huì)心力衰竭學(xué)組,中國(guó)醫(yī)師協(xié)會(huì)心力衰竭專業(yè)委員會(huì),中華心血管病雜志編輯委員會(huì).中國(guó)心力衰竭診斷和治療指南2018[J].中華心血管病雜志,2018,46(10):760-789.
[9] 中國(guó)老年醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)會(huì)心電及心功能分會(huì),中國(guó)醫(yī)師協(xié)會(huì)心血管內(nèi)科分會(huì),中國(guó)心衰中心聯(lián)盟專家委員會(huì).慢性心力衰竭加重患者的綜合管理中國(guó)專家共識(shí)2022[J].中國(guó)循環(huán)雜志,2022,37(3):215-225.
[10] 張海平,趙靜敏,屠艷輝,等.慢性心力衰竭患者血清SDC4、CatS水平與心室重構(gòu)及預(yù)后的關(guān)系[J].疑難病雜志,2022,21(7):700-705;710.
[11] 中國(guó)醫(yī)療保健國(guó)際交流促進(jìn)會(huì)循證醫(yī)學(xué)分會(huì),海峽兩岸醫(yī)藥衛(wèi)生交流協(xié)會(huì)老年醫(yī)學(xué)專業(yè)委員會(huì).心力衰竭生物標(biāo)志物中國(guó)專家共識(shí)[J].中華檢驗(yàn)醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2020,43(2):130-141.
[12] 訾杰,田孝祥,成小麗,等.長(zhǎng)鏈非編碼RNA在心室重構(gòu)中作用的研究進(jìn)展[J].廣西醫(yī)學(xué),2021,43(24):2977-2980.
[13] NI T J,HUANG X X,PAN S L,et al.Inhibition of the long non-coding RNA ZFAS1 attenuates ferroptosis by sponging miR-150-5p and activates CCND2 against diabetic cardiomyopathy[J].Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine,2021,25(21):9995-10007.
[14] CHEN D D,WANG H W,CAI X J.Long non-coding RNA ZFAS1 alleviates sepsis-induced myocardial injury via target miR-34b-5p/SIRT1[J].Innate Immunity,2021,27(5):377-387.
[15] CAO M Y,LUO H S,LI D N,et al.Research advances on circulating long noncoding RNAs as biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases[J].International Journal of Cardiology,2022,353:109-117.
[16] 王月霞,馬媛,底煜.長(zhǎng)鏈非編碼RNA TUG1在血管相關(guān)疾病中的研究進(jìn)展[J].醫(yī)學(xué)綜述,2021,27(21):4171-4176.
[17] 高小燕,陳雪英,魏廣和.長(zhǎng)鏈非編碼核糖核酸牛磺酸上調(diào)基因1調(diào)控急性心肌梗死的研究進(jìn)展[J].中國(guó)醫(yī)師進(jìn)修雜志,2021,44(8):760-763.
[18] XU Z W,LIN X Y,ZHU J F,et al.Long noncoding RNAs colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed and taurine-upregulated gene 1 are downregulated in sepsis and positively regulate each other to suppress the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes[J].Bioengineered,2021,12(2):11369-11375.
[19] FU D L,GAO T,LIU M R,et al.LncRNA TUG1 aggravates cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury[J].Histology and Histopathology,2021,36(12):1261-1272.
[20] YUAN M,ZHANG L W,YOU F,et al.miR-145-5p regulates hypoxia-induced inflammatory response and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes by targeting CD40[J].Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry,2017,431(1/2):123-131.
(收稿日期:2023-07-14)
(本文編輯"薛妮)