張媛 侯旗旗 齊祺 蔣越 王楠 岳博成 陳朔華 韓全樂 吳壽嶺 李康博
【摘要】 背景 近年來全球心房顫動(dòng)(以下簡(jiǎn)稱房顫)的患病率持續(xù)升高,房顫增加了卒中、心力衰竭、心肌梗死、慢性腎病等疾病的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。研究證實(shí)高血壓、糖尿病、吸煙、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停、肥胖和久坐等是房顫發(fā)生的危險(xiǎn)因素。而這些因素多數(shù)是美國(guó)心臟協(xié)會(huì)提出的“生命八要素”(LE8)的范疇。目的 探討基于LE8的心血管健康(CVH)評(píng)分與房顫的關(guān)聯(lián)。方法 選取2006年6月—2007年10月河北省唐山市開灤集團(tuán)職工健康體檢人群91 131名為研究對(duì)象。LE8評(píng)分根據(jù)美國(guó)心臟協(xié)會(huì)制訂的算法評(píng)估,結(jié)合開灤研究實(shí)際情況形成LE8開灤研究版本,包括4個(gè)健康行為(飲食、體育活動(dòng)、煙草暴露和睡眠)和4個(gè)健康因素(BMI、血脂、血糖和血壓)。依據(jù)LE8評(píng)分將研究對(duì)象分為3組:LE8評(píng)分<50分為低CVH組(8 407名),50分≤LE8評(píng)分<80分為中CVH組(73 493名),LE8評(píng)分≥80分為高CVH組(9 231名)。以研究對(duì)象首次參加開灤體檢時(shí)間為隨訪起點(diǎn),每年隨訪1次,以發(fā)生房顫為終點(diǎn)事件,隨訪終點(diǎn)時(shí)間為發(fā)生房顫或隨訪結(jié)束時(shí)間(2020-12-31)。采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲線分析不同組新發(fā)房顫累積發(fā)病率,并進(jìn)行Log-rank檢驗(yàn)比較組間差異;采用Cox比例風(fēng)險(xiǎn)回歸分析探討不同LE8評(píng)分分組及單個(gè)因素評(píng)分對(duì)新發(fā)房顫發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的影響。結(jié)果 3組研究對(duì)象年齡、性別、受教育程度、家庭人均月收入、飲酒史以及LE8評(píng)分比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001)。隨訪中新發(fā)房顫1 088例,其中低CVH組新發(fā)房顫133例(1.58%),中CVH組新發(fā)房顫883例(1.20%),高CVH組新發(fā)房顫72例(0.78%);中位隨訪時(shí)間15.0(14.7,15.2)年;3組研究對(duì)象新發(fā)房顫累積發(fā)病率比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.000 1)。校正年齡、性別、受教育程度、家庭人均月收入、飲酒史后進(jìn)行Cox比例風(fēng)險(xiǎn)回歸分析結(jié)果顯示,與低CVH組相比,中CVH組(HR=0.697,95%CI=0.579~0.841,P<0.001)、高CVH組(HR=0.609,95%CI=0.454~0.816,P=0.001)均可降低新發(fā)房顫的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn);LE8評(píng)分升高可降低新發(fā)房顫的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(HR=0.859,95%CI=0.804~0.918,P<0.001);LE8單個(gè)因素BMI評(píng)分(HR=0.762,95%CI=0.717~0.809,P<0.001)、血壓評(píng)分(HR=0.824,95%CI=0.776~0.876,P<0.001)與新發(fā)房顫發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)呈負(fù)相關(guān)。結(jié)論 CVH的LE8評(píng)分與新發(fā)房顫的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)呈負(fù)相關(guān),且LE8單個(gè)因素BMI評(píng)分、血壓評(píng)分與新發(fā)房顫發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)均呈負(fù)相關(guān)。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 心房顫動(dòng);心血管健康;生命八要素;累積發(fā)病率;Kaplan-Meier存活曲線;Cox比例風(fēng)險(xiǎn)模型
【中圖分類號(hào)】 R 541.75 【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】 A DOI:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2023.0598
Relationship between Cardiovascular Health Score of Life's Essential 8 and New-onset Atrial Fibrillation:a Large Sample,Long-Term Follow-up Study
ZHANG Yuan1,HOU Qiqi1,QI Qi1,JIANG Yue2,WANG Nan2,YUE Bocheng1,CHEN Shuohua3,HAN Quanle1*,
WU Shouling3,LI Kangbo4
1.Department of Cardiology,Tangshan Gongren Hospital/Tangshan Gongren Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University,Tangshan 063000,China
2.Department of Invasive Technology,Tangshan Gongren Hospital,Tangshan 063000,China
3.Department of Cardiology,Kailuan General Hospital,Tangshan 063000,China
4.College of Clinical Medicine,North China University of Science and Technology,Tangshan 063000,China
*Corresponding author:HAN Quanle,Chief physician/Associate professor;E-mail:hanquanle@126.com
【Abstract】 Background The prevalence of atrial fibrillation(AF)has continued to rise globally in recent years,and AF increases the risk of stroke,heart failure,myocardial infarction,chronic kidney disease,and other diseases. Studies have identified hypertension,diabetes,smoking,obstructive sleep apnea,obesity and sedentary lifestyle as risk factors for AF. And most of these factors are within the scope of the "Life's Essential 8"(LE8)proposed by the American Heart Association. Objective To investigate the relationship between cardiovascular health(CVH)score based on the LE8 and AF. Methods A study was conducted in which 91 131 employees of Kailuan Group in Tangshan,Hebei Province were selected for physical examination from June 2006 to October 2007,and the LE8 score was evaluated according to the algorithm developed by the American Heart Association,and combined with the actual situation of the Kailuan study to form the Kailuan study version of LE8,including 4 health behaviors(diet,physical activity,tobacco exposure,and sleep)and 4 health factors(BMI,blood lipids,blood glucose,and blood pressure). The study subjects were divided into the three groups of the low CVH group(n=8 407)with a LE8 score less than 50,the medium CVH group(n=73 493)with a LE8 score of 50 or more but less than 80,and the high CVH group(n=9 231)with a LE8 score of 80 or more. The follow-up visit was performed per year with the time of the study subject's first Kailuan physical examination as the starting point,the occurrence of AF as the endpoint event,the end of AF and follow-up(2020-12-31)as the endpoint time. Kaplan Meier survival curve was used to analyze the cumulative incidence of new-onset AF in different groups,and log rank test was used to compare the differences between groups;Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to investigate the impact of different LE8 score groups and single factor scores on the risk of new-onset AF. Results There were significant differences in age,gender,education level,monthly per capita household income,history of alcohol consumption,and LE8 scores among the three groups of subjects(P<0.001). During follow-up,1 088 cases of new-onset AF were identified,including 133 cases(1.58%)in the low CVH group,883 cases(1.20%)in the medium CVH group,and 72 cases(0.78%)in the high CVH group. The median follow-up time was 15.0(14.7,15.2)years;there was statistically significant difference in the comparison of cumulative incidence rate of new-onset AF in the three groups (P<0.000 1). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis after adjusting for age,gender,education level,monthly per capita household income,and history of alcohol consumption showed that,compared with the low CVH group,both the medium CVH group(HR=0.697,95%CI=0.579-0.841,P<0.001)and the high CVH group(HR=0.609,95%CI=0.454-0.816,P=0.001)reduced the risk of new-onset AF. An increase in LE8 score could reduce the risk of new-onset AF(HR=0.859,95%CI=0.804-0.918,P<0.001). The individual factors of LE8,including BMI score(HR=0.762,95%CI=0.717-0.809,P<0.001)and blood pressure score(HR=0.824,95%CI=0.776-0.876,P<0.001),were negatively correlated with the risk of new-onset AF. Conclusion The LE8 score of CVH is negatively correlated with the risk of new-onset AF,and the individual factors of LE8,including BMI score and blood pressure score,are negatively correlated with the risk of new-onset AF.
【Key words】 Atrial fibrillation;Cardiovascular health;Life's Essential 8;Cumulative incidence rate;Kaplan-meier survival curves;Cox proportional hazards models
心房顫動(dòng)(以下簡(jiǎn)稱房顫)是臨床診療實(shí)踐中常見的一種心律失常疾病[1],來自全球的疾病及健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估報(bào)告顯示,1990—2019年,全球房顫的發(fā)病率持續(xù)升高,全球房顫罹患人數(shù)達(dá)到了約839萬,房顫疾病負(fù)擔(dān)增加了1倍[2]。房顫患者由于心悸、胸悶等不適反復(fù)就醫(yī),不僅增加醫(yī)療負(fù)擔(dān),而且嚴(yán)重影響了患者的生活質(zhì)量[3]。同時(shí)研究證實(shí)房顫增加了缺血性卒中、癡呆、心力衰竭、心肌梗死、慢性腎病等疾病的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[4-7]。研究證實(shí)導(dǎo)致房顫發(fā)生的危險(xiǎn)因素包括高血壓、糖尿病、吸煙、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停、肥胖和久坐的生活方式等,這些因素均會(huì)誘發(fā)心房的結(jié)構(gòu)和電活動(dòng)重構(gòu)而導(dǎo)致房顫的發(fā)生、發(fā)展[8]。美國(guó)心臟協(xié)會(huì)(American Heart Association,AHA)提出了心血管健康(cardiovascular health,CVH)行為和因素(Life's Simple 7,LS7)的概念[9],隨后研究證實(shí)理想LS7與心血管事件、全因死亡呈顯著負(fù)相關(guān)[10]。目前國(guó)內(nèi)外關(guān)于LS7是否增加新發(fā)房顫發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的研究結(jié)果不一致[11-13]。2022年AHA對(duì)LS7進(jìn)行了更新,命名為“生命八要素”(Life's Essential 8,LE8):飲食、體育活動(dòng)、煙草暴露、睡眠、BMI、血脂、血糖、血壓[14]。本研究旨在探討基于LE8的CVH評(píng)分與新發(fā)房顫的關(guān)聯(lián),為降低新發(fā)房顫發(fā)病率提供科學(xué)系統(tǒng)的管理方案,助力實(shí)現(xiàn)“健康中國(guó)2030”。
1 對(duì)象與方法
1.1 研究對(duì)象
選取2006年6月—2007年10月河北省唐山市開灤集團(tuán)職工健康體檢人群101 510名,其中男81 110名、女20 400名,年齡18~98歲。根據(jù)納入、排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn),最終納入91 131名研究對(duì)象,其中男72 387名(79.43%)、女18 744名(20.57%),年齡(51.0±12.3)歲。
納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)年齡≥18歲;(2)認(rèn)知能力無缺陷,能夠參與完成問卷的填寫;(3)同意參加此項(xiàng)研究并簽署知情同意書。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)有房顫、心肌梗死、卒中、惡性腫瘤等疾病病史者;(2)CVH LS7數(shù)據(jù)缺失不全者。本研究通過開灤總醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)([2006] 醫(yī)倫字 5 號(hào)),且受試者均簽署了知情同意書。
1.2 一般資料收集
研究人員經(jīng)過統(tǒng)一培訓(xùn),采用問卷調(diào)查的方式調(diào)查人群年齡、性別、吸煙、飲酒、體育活動(dòng)、受教育程度等,測(cè)量身高、體質(zhì)量、血壓等,并對(duì)血液、尿液等樣本進(jìn)行檢測(cè),收集生化學(xué)指標(biāo)。人群流行病學(xué)調(diào)查內(nèi)容、人體測(cè)量學(xué)指標(biāo)、生化檢測(cè)指標(biāo)等資料收集參照本課題組已發(fā)表的文獻(xiàn)[5]。
1.3 相關(guān)定義及診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
1.3.1 房顫:常規(guī)十二導(dǎo)聯(lián)心電圖、動(dòng)態(tài)心動(dòng)圖或者其他心電記錄裝置記錄到房顫的發(fā)作且持續(xù)時(shí)間>30 s[15];
1.3.2 LE8評(píng)分[14]:根據(jù)AHA制訂的算法評(píng)估,結(jié)合開灤研究實(shí)際情況給予每個(gè)組成部分定義和賦分形成LE8開灤研究版本(表1),包括4個(gè)健康行為(飲食、體育活動(dòng)、煙草暴露和睡眠)和4個(gè)健康因素(BMI、血脂、血糖和血壓)。該版本相關(guān)研究已得到業(yè)內(nèi)認(rèn)可并用于相關(guān)研究[16-19]。CVH行為或因素得分范圍均為0~100分,以單個(gè)行為或因素的非加權(quán)平均得出總體或2個(gè)部分特定的CVH得分,總分為0~100分。
飲食評(píng)分參照AHA的終止高血壓膳食療法(dietary approaches to stop hypertension,DASH-style),即蔬菜、水果、堅(jiān)果、豆類和全谷類食物、鹽、含糖飲品、紅肉(豬牛羊肉)和加工過的肉食攝入量;結(jié)合我國(guó)人群流行病學(xué)特點(diǎn)及開灤研究數(shù)據(jù)情況,調(diào)整為鹽、高脂肪食物、茶的攝入量[16-18]。BMI參照中國(guó)人群標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[20]做出調(diào)整,BMI<23.0 kg/m2:100分;BMI 23.0~24.9 kg/m2:75分;BMI 25.0~29.9 kg/m2:50分;BMI 30.0~34.9 kg/m2:25分;BMI≥35.0 kg/m2:0分。血脂評(píng)分以總膽固醇減去高密度脂蛋白膽固醇得出非高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(Non-HDL-C)為測(cè)量指標(biāo)。血糖評(píng)分參考空腹血糖(FBG)水平。血壓評(píng)分參考收縮壓及舒張壓水平。
1.4 分組
依據(jù)LE8總分將研究對(duì)象分為3組:LE8評(píng)分<50分為低CVH組(8 407名),50分≤LE8評(píng)分<80分為中CVH組(73 493名),LE8評(píng)分≥80分為高CVH組(9 231名)。
1.5 終點(diǎn)事件
以研究對(duì)象首次參加開灤體檢時(shí)間為隨訪起點(diǎn),每年隨訪1次,以發(fā)生房顫為終點(diǎn)事件,隨訪終點(diǎn)時(shí)間為發(fā)生房顫或隨訪結(jié)束時(shí)間(2020-12-31)。房顫信息由經(jīng)過培訓(xùn)的醫(yī)務(wù)人員通過查閱開灤社會(huì)保障信息系統(tǒng)獲取,根據(jù)出院診斷的國(guó)際疾病分類編碼ICD-10確診為房顫(I48)。
1.6 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
采用SAS 9.4軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,符合正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料以(x-±s)表示,多組間比較采用單因素方差分析;非正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料以M(P25,P75)表示,多組間比較采用非參數(shù)秩和檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以相對(duì)數(shù)表示,多組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn)。采用Kaplan-Meier生存曲線分析不同組新發(fā)房顫累積發(fā)病率,并進(jìn)行Log-rank檢驗(yàn)比較組間差異;采用Cox比例風(fēng)險(xiǎn)回歸分析探討不同LE8評(píng)分分組及單因素評(píng)分對(duì)新發(fā)房顫發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的影響。以雙側(cè)P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 一般資料及LE8評(píng)分
排除房顫病史529名、LE8數(shù)據(jù)缺失的6 311名,心肌梗死和卒中病史3 216名、惡性腫瘤323名,最終91 131名研究對(duì)象納入研究。91 131名研究對(duì)象中男72 387名(79.43%)、女18 744(20.57%),平均年齡為(51.0±12.3)歲;LE8評(píng)分中睡眠評(píng)分最高,為(87.61±21.90)分;其次是FBG評(píng)分,為(85.34±24.18)分;飲食評(píng)分最低,為(38.64±15.07)分。3組研究對(duì)象年齡、性別、受教育程度、家庭人均月收入、飲酒史以及LE8評(píng)分比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001),見表2。
2.2 3組研究對(duì)象新發(fā)房顫情況比較
隨訪中新發(fā)房顫1 088例,其中低CVH組新發(fā)房顫133例(1.58%),中CVH組新發(fā)房顫883例(1.20%),高CVH組新發(fā)房顫72例(0.78%);中位隨訪時(shí)間15.0(14.7,15.2)年;3組研究對(duì)象新發(fā)房顫累積發(fā)病率比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.000 1),見表3、圖1。
2.3 LE8評(píng)分分組對(duì)新發(fā)房顫發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)影響的Cox比例風(fēng)險(xiǎn)回歸分析
以研究對(duì)象是否新發(fā)房顫(賦值:否=0,是=1)為因變量,以不同LE8評(píng)分分組(賦值:低CVH組=0,中CVH組=1,高CVH組=2)為自變量,以年齡(賦值:實(shí)測(cè)值)、性別(賦值:女=0,男=1)、受教育程度(賦值:初中及以下=0,高中及以上=1)、家庭人均月收入(賦值:≤1 000元=0,>1 000元=1)、飲酒史(賦值:無=0,有=1)為協(xié)變量進(jìn)行Cox比例風(fēng)險(xiǎn)回歸分析,結(jié)果顯示,與低CVH組相比,中CVH組[HR=0.745,95%CI=0.621~0.894,P=0.002]、高CVH組[HR=0.469,95%CI=0.352~0.624,P<0.001]均可降低新發(fā)房顫的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn);且隨LE8評(píng)分升高新發(fā)房顫的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)逐漸降低(P趨勢(shì)<0.001)。校正年齡、性別、受教育程度、家庭人均月收入、飲酒史后進(jìn)行Cox比例風(fēng)險(xiǎn)回歸分析,結(jié)果顯示,與低CVH組相比,中CVH組[HR=0.697,95%CI=0.579~0.841,P<0.001]、高CVH組[HR=0.609,95%CI=0.454~0.816,P=0.001]均可降低新發(fā)房顫的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn);且隨LE8評(píng)分升高新發(fā)房顫的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)逐漸降低(P趨勢(shì)<0.001),見表4。
以LE8評(píng)分(賦值:實(shí)測(cè)值)為自變量進(jìn)行Cox比例風(fēng)險(xiǎn)回歸分析,校正年齡、性別、受教育程度、家庭人均月收入、飲酒史后結(jié)果顯示,LE8評(píng)分升高可降低新發(fā)房顫的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[HR=0.859,95%CI=0.804~0.918,P<0.001],見表4。
2.4 LE8單個(gè)因素評(píng)分對(duì)新發(fā)房顫發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)影響的Cox比例風(fēng)險(xiǎn)回歸分析
采用Cox比例風(fēng)險(xiǎn)回歸分析進(jìn)一步探討LE8單個(gè)因素評(píng)分對(duì)新發(fā)房顫發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的影響,以是否新發(fā)房顫為因變量(賦值:否=0,是=1),以LE8單個(gè)因素評(píng)分為自變量(賦值:實(shí)測(cè)值),校正年齡、性別、受教育程度、家庭人均月收入、飲酒史后結(jié)果顯示,BMI評(píng)分[HR=0.762,95%CI=0.717~0.809,P<0.001]、血壓評(píng)分[HR=0.824,95%CI=0.776~0.876,P<0.001]與新發(fā)房顫發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)呈負(fù)相關(guān),見表5。
3 討論
本研究以開灤集團(tuán)職工健康體檢人群數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),校正年齡、性別、受教育程度、家庭人均月收入、飲酒史后,Cox比例風(fēng)險(xiǎn)回歸分析結(jié)果顯示,中CVH組較低CVH組新發(fā)房顫發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)約降低30.3%,高CVH組較低CVH組新發(fā)房顫的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)減少39.1%;且每增加1個(gè)LE8評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差,新發(fā)房顫的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)減少14.1%。該結(jié)論與國(guó)外研究得出的理想狀態(tài)CVH的LS7使新發(fā)房顫發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)降低的結(jié)論一致,該研究納入人群包括白人、華裔美國(guó)人、非裔美國(guó)人和西班牙裔美國(guó)人,當(dāng)將結(jié)果按種族/民族進(jìn)行分層時(shí),也觀察到了類似的結(jié)果,其中西班牙裔美國(guó)人的相關(guān)性最強(qiáng)[11]。LE8較LS7多了睡眠情況的評(píng)價(jià),研究顯示房顫的發(fā)生與睡眠質(zhì)量受損有相關(guān)性[21],其中阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停與房顫的發(fā)生具有共同的遺傳易感性,其具體發(fā)病機(jī)制尚待進(jìn)一步研究[22]。
關(guān)于肥胖是房顫和阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停的共病,還是肥胖介導(dǎo)了阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫?;颊甙l(fā)生房顫這一問題,有研究顯示,BMI升高是房顫的原因,與阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停無關(guān)[23]。同樣另有研究表明:除非更嚴(yán)重的阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停導(dǎo)致了房顫的發(fā)生,一般而言,肥胖參與了房顫的發(fā)生過程[24]??紤]到地域的差異,開灤集團(tuán)職工健康體檢人群的BMI評(píng)分較AHA有所調(diào)整[14-15]。研究顯示較高的BMI會(huì)增加房顫的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[25]。本研究分析了LE8單個(gè)因素BMI評(píng)分對(duì)新發(fā)房顫發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的影響,校正年齡、性別、受教育程度、家庭人均月收入、飲酒史后結(jié)果顯示,BMI評(píng)分每增加1個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差,新發(fā)房顫發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)減少23.8%,本研究結(jié)果與上述研究相似。
一項(xiàng)納入4 477人、年齡>40歲的中國(guó)北方社區(qū)人群的橫斷面研究得出同樣的結(jié)論,理想的健康LS7與社區(qū)人群中房顫患病率較低相關(guān),該研究無法確定LS7和新發(fā)房顫之間時(shí)間層面的關(guān)系,但結(jié)果顯示理想血壓與房顫患病率無顯著相關(guān)性[12]。這與前瞻性研究中被證實(shí)的高血壓是房顫患病率的主要貢獻(xiàn)因素之一的結(jié)果不一致[26-27]。本研究還進(jìn)一步分析了LE8單個(gè)因素血壓評(píng)分對(duì)新發(fā)房顫發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的影響,校正年齡、性別、受教育程度、家庭人均月收入、飲酒史后結(jié)果顯示,血壓評(píng)分每增加1個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差,新發(fā)房顫發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)減少17.6%。本研究未檢測(cè)到Non-HDL-C與新發(fā)房顫發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之間的關(guān)聯(lián),這與一項(xiàng)多種族研究的結(jié)果相似[28],提示血清膽固醇在房顫的發(fā)病機(jī)制中作用有限。本研究未檢測(cè)到煙草暴露與新發(fā)房顫發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之間的關(guān)聯(lián),但有研究證實(shí)吸煙與房顫發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加有關(guān),分析其原因,一方面,該研究入選人群年齡偏大,煙草累積暴露時(shí)間較長(zhǎng),對(duì)房顫的發(fā)生影響更大;另一方面,該研究以吸煙與否為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),強(qiáng)調(diào)了質(zhì)的不同,而本研究以吸煙的量化評(píng)分為變量,造成了吸煙對(duì)房顫發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)無影響的假象[29]。既往研究顯示平衡膳食和適度體育活動(dòng)可降低房顫發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[30-32],但本研究結(jié)果顯示:飲食、體育活動(dòng)與新發(fā)房顫發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)無相關(guān)性,分析其原因可能為開灤研究LE8版本納入飲食成分較少,把體力勞動(dòng)當(dāng)做體育運(yùn)動(dòng),其實(shí)二者還是存在差別的。本研究亦發(fā)現(xiàn)FBG評(píng)分與新發(fā)房顫發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)無相關(guān)性,分析其原因可能為從正常值到異常值的連續(xù)變量弱化了從正常值到異常值的分類變量對(duì)事件的影響。
在一項(xiàng)前瞻性研究中,沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)LS7與房顫發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之間的任何關(guān)聯(lián),在對(duì)每個(gè)LS7成分的單因素分析中發(fā)現(xiàn),只有符合理想健康標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的低BMI(<25 kg/m2)參與者房顫發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)相對(duì)顯著降低了64%[13]。但個(gè)別研究顯示LS7評(píng)分可輕微降低房顫的發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[11,33-34]。可能原因:首先,納入房顫事件數(shù)據(jù)來自自我報(bào)告,未記錄事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間;其次,房顫事件認(rèn)定較為嚴(yán)格,均為需要住院治療的重癥患者,忽略了陣發(fā)性房顫,心電圖未記錄等房顫負(fù)荷小的患者。
本研究的價(jià)值與局限性:本研究人群納入研究樣本量較大,隨訪時(shí)間較長(zhǎng),其研究結(jié)果具有較高的科研價(jià)值。但仍有局限:(1)本研究人群中男性多于女性(接近4∶1),本課題組后續(xù)研究將進(jìn)行性別匹配,盡量減少可能的偏倚發(fā)生;(2)對(duì)于研究人群不排除短暫發(fā)生的房顫未被記錄;(3)極少數(shù)高血壓患者服用β受體阻滯劑進(jìn)行降壓治療,考慮到血壓下降降低了房顫發(fā)生的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),雖然在評(píng)分時(shí)進(jìn)行了減分處理,但β受體阻滯劑直接抑制房顫發(fā)生的作用未被考慮。以上三方面可能使結(jié)果存在些許偏倚。
綜上所述,基于CVH的LE8評(píng)分與新發(fā)房顫的發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)呈負(fù)相關(guān),且LE8單個(gè)因素BMI評(píng)分、血壓評(píng)分與新發(fā)房顫發(fā)病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)均呈負(fù)相關(guān)。本研究結(jié)果可為降低房顫發(fā)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)提供充分的循證醫(yī)學(xué)證據(jù),從而提高患者生活質(zhì)量,延長(zhǎng)患者壽命。
作者貢獻(xiàn):張媛、韓全樂、吳壽嶺提出研究思路,設(shè)計(jì)研究方案;侯旗旗、齊祺、蔣越負(fù)責(zé)調(diào)查對(duì)象的選取、樣本的采集、指標(biāo)化驗(yàn)與檢測(cè)等;王楠、陳朔華、李康博負(fù)責(zé)數(shù)據(jù)收集、采集、清洗和統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析;張媛、侯旗旗、岳博成負(fù)責(zé)論文起草;韓全樂負(fù)責(zé)最終版本修訂,對(duì)論文負(fù)責(zé)。
本文無利益沖突。
張媛:https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0542-9399
韓全樂:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3200-9224
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