楊佳 呂卅 高曉紅 王英志
摘? 要:在“大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)、萬(wàn)眾創(chuàng)新”時(shí)代背景下,對(duì)地方高校學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新意識(shí)、創(chuàng)業(yè)能力提出了更高的要求。為了推進(jìn)素質(zhì)教育、提高人才培養(yǎng)質(zhì)量,為國(guó)家培養(yǎng)更多符合時(shí)代要求、符合行業(yè)發(fā)展需要的應(yīng)用型高技能人才,文章從教學(xué)管理制度、實(shí)踐教學(xué)體系、課程建設(shè)、多學(xué)科交叉融合、師資隊(duì)伍建設(shè)、學(xué)科競(jìng)賽平臺(tái)六個(gè)方面進(jìn)行分析,提出構(gòu)建“三大平臺(tái)、三個(gè)層次”的分層遞進(jìn)實(shí)踐教學(xué)體系以及分階段遞進(jìn)創(chuàng)新能力培養(yǎng)模式,探索符合學(xué)校自身辦學(xué)特色的人才教育理念及措施,為應(yīng)用型人才的創(chuàng)新精神、創(chuàng)新意識(shí)、創(chuàng)業(yè)能力的提升,提供全新的思路和培養(yǎng)途徑。經(jīng)過(guò)四年的探索與實(shí)踐,我院在大學(xué)生創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)訓(xùn)練計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目、學(xué)科競(jìng)賽等方面成果顯著,學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)能力得到了有效提升。
關(guān)鍵詞:新工科;實(shí)踐教學(xué);創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè);能力培養(yǎng)
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):G642? ? ? ?文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A? ? ? ? ? 文章編號(hào):2096-000X(2021)28-0046-05
Abstract: In the era of "mass entrepreneurship and innovation", higher requirements are put forward for the innovation and entrepreneurship ability of students in colleges and universities. In order to promote quality education, and improve the quality of personnel training, and cultivate more application-oriented high skilled talents that meet the requirements of the times and meet the needs of industry development for the country, this paper analyses and puts forward the corresponding suggestions from six aspects:the teaching management system, practical teaching system and curriculum construction, interdisciplinary integration, teaching staff construction and discipline competition platform, and proposes to construct a hierarchical progressive practical teaching system of "three platforms and three levels" and a phased progressive innovation ability training mode, and explores the talent education ideas and measures in line with the school's own characteristics, so as to provide new ideas and training ways for the improvement of the innovative spirit, innovative consciousness and entrepreneurial ability of applied talents. After several years of exploration and practice, our college has made remarkable achievements in college students' innovation and entrepreneurship training program and discipline competition, and students' innovation and entrepreneurship ability has been effectively promoted.
Keywords: new engineering; practice teaching; innovation and entrepreneurship; ability training
近幾年來(lái),我國(guó)高等教育的普及率不斷攀升,我國(guó)已建成了世界上規(guī)模最大的高等教育體系,即將由高等教育大眾化階段進(jìn)入普及化階段。隨之而來(lái)的是高校畢業(yè)生人數(shù)始終保持明顯上升趨勢(shì)。以近幾年為例,2018年高校畢業(yè)人數(shù)820萬(wàn);2019年834萬(wàn),增加了14萬(wàn);而2020年突然猛增至874萬(wàn)。同時(shí),由于疫情的原因,部分高校實(shí)施了擴(kuò)招計(jì)劃,使得高校學(xué)生數(shù)量進(jìn)一步增長(zhǎng)??梢灶A(yù)見(jiàn),今后幾年的畢業(yè)生會(huì)面臨更加嚴(yán)峻的就業(yè)形勢(shì)。2020年國(guó)務(wù)院辦公廳印發(fā)的《關(guān)于提升大眾創(chuàng)業(yè)萬(wàn)眾創(chuàng)新示范基地帶動(dòng)作用進(jìn)一步促改革穩(wěn)就業(yè)強(qiáng)動(dòng)能的實(shí)施意見(jiàn)》中提到:“提升高校學(xué)生創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)能力,夯實(shí)國(guó)家創(chuàng)新能力基礎(chǔ)?!笨梢?jiàn),大學(xué)生創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)能力的培養(yǎng)已成為中央主管部門(mén)密切關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn),也是高校核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的體現(xiàn)[1]。新工科是國(guó)家為支撐創(chuàng)新驅(qū)動(dòng)發(fā)展、主動(dòng)應(yīng)對(duì)新一輪的科技革命與產(chǎn)業(yè)變革而提出的推動(dòng)高等工程教育改革的“中國(guó)方案”[2]。新工科強(qiáng)調(diào)高校要充分發(fā)揮學(xué)科優(yōu)勢(shì),促進(jìn)未來(lái)新技術(shù)和新產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展,加速學(xué)科交叉融合和跨界整合,推進(jìn)傳統(tǒng)工科專(zhuān)業(yè)改造升級(jí),探索新工科建設(shè)模式。與傳統(tǒng)工科教育相比,新工科教育模式更強(qiáng)調(diào)學(xué)科間的交叉融合及對(duì)人才創(chuàng)新能力和實(shí)踐能力的培養(yǎng),使其更具有國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。自此,新工科教育在全國(guó)各大高校被迅速推廣,每所高校開(kāi)始探索一條具有自身專(zhuān)業(yè)特色和專(zhuān)業(yè)優(yōu)勢(shì)的新工科教育培養(yǎng)模式。