基于單元整體設(shè)計視角的一節(jié)閱讀課教學(xué)

高敏

[摘? ?要]英語教學(xué)注重單元整體設(shè)計視角下的教學(xué)觀，閱讀課教學(xué)要立足整個單元，在整體觀下進(jìn)行局部的課時設(shè)計。文章以“Go for it！”教材八年級上冊 Unit 3 的Reading教學(xué)為例，清晰地呈現(xiàn)單元整體設(shè)計視角下的教學(xué)設(shè)計思路和教學(xué)流程，探討教師在閱讀課教學(xué)中如何把握重點(diǎn)、化解難點(diǎn)，幫助學(xué)生提高分析問題和解決問題的能力。

[關(guān)鍵詞]教學(xué)設(shè)計;單元整體設(shè)計;閱讀課教學(xué)

[中圖分類號]? ? G633.41? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼]? ? A? ? ? ? [文章編號]? ? 1674-6058（2021）10-0041-02

一、教學(xué)設(shè)計思路

（一）教材分析

“Go for it ！”教材八年級上冊Unit 3 的話題是談?wù)撊说膫€性特征（personal traits），包括談?wù)撊宋锏耐饷玻╝ppearance）、性格特征（personality）。教學(xué)目標(biāo)是讓學(xué)生能運(yùn)用一些短語句型（... than ...;as ... as）談?wù)撊说膫€性特征，并能使用比較級進(jìn)行簡單的人物特征比較。學(xué)習(xí)策略是要學(xué)會關(guān)注比較級的特征，通過歸類的方法學(xué)習(xí)和掌握比較級的構(gòu)成。在文化知識方面，注重滲透中外青少年對待友誼的態(tài)度和方法。

本課時處于單元教學(xué)核心地位，仍然以交友話題為線索，展開好友標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的討論和朋友之間的對比，既包括閱讀文本中三個青少年對好友的討論，也包括學(xué)生個體把自己和好友與文本中的人物進(jìn)行對比。學(xué)生基于前期學(xué)習(xí)，對核心句型有了一定的認(rèn)知。本課教學(xué)重點(diǎn)要從詞匯、短語、句型，過渡到語篇閱讀和書面表達(dá)能力訓(xùn)練。

（二）學(xué)生分析

八年級上冊教材的編排，和七年級對比，難度直線上升。這個階段恰好是學(xué)生的英語學(xué)習(xí)分化期。本課詞匯量大、文本難度大，所以在教學(xué)設(shè)計中，我通過文本解析，幫助學(xué)生構(gòu)建整體閱讀觀、科學(xué)理解文本。

二、教學(xué)過程

（一）導(dǎo)入環(huán)節(jié)

我說：So many teachers here， but take it easy. They are all my friends. They are as friendly as me.（以“朋友”導(dǎo)入，運(yùn)用as ... as結(jié)構(gòu)。）Today well keep on talking about friends. 我請課代表起立，說：Yaqing is my little friend. She is helpful. As you know， she often helps me with your homework. She has good grades in English. Though she is much younger than me， I love my excellent friend. 我過去溫柔地?fù)肀?，課堂氣氛變得輕松了。

然后要引出重點(diǎn)邏輯關(guān)系詞but。 我呈現(xiàn)一張照片，說：Look at the picture. I have another best friend. She is the same age as me. She is a good listener. Do we look similar？ 學(xué)生有的說yes，也有的說no。我說：Ha！In some ways we are the same. We both like laughing. Look， there are big smiles on our faces. She is talented in music. I love songs， too. In some ways we are different. Shes more outgoing than me， but I get up much earlier than her. Why？學(xué)生們笑了，我繼續(xù)說： Im your teacher. We have to read English in the morning. 我追問：Do you have a best friend？ What do you like about him or her？

幻燈片呈現(xiàn)目標(biāo)句型：My best friend is ... She is a good listener. She is talented in music. ... is more outgoing than me， but I get up earlier than ...學(xué)生們依據(jù)范例描述朋友，溫故知新。

（二）閱讀過程（設(shè)置三讀）

一讀快速高效。我說：Most of you have best friends， so do the three teenagers. Read the passage quickly，and write down the names of their friends.

二讀關(guān)注核心。我說：Should friends be the same or different？ Read and match.然后分析第三段主題句中if的用法： As we all know，“if”has two kinds of meanings. If it rains tomorrow， Ill stay at home.“If”here means “如果”. Does “if” have the same meaning as “如果” in this sentence “I dont care if friends are the same or different.”？ Ha！No， here it means “是否”.這樣就為后邊解讀as long as 作好了鋪墊。

三讀分析細(xì)節(jié)。根據(jù)語段，我畫出mind map框架圖，采用三種方式分析段落：

第一段，作者認(rèn)為friends should be the same。 設(shè)置問題如下：What is Jeff Green like？ （板書答案：1.quieter;2. more serious; 3. shy）What is Yuan Li like？ （板書答案：quiet， too）推斷出：They are both quiet. 我問：What does Jeff Green like？（學(xué)生輕松找出“He likes reading books.”。） So， what do they both like doing？ They both enjoy studying. 學(xué)生清晰理解了be like 和like，難點(diǎn)破解。

第二段的topic sentence 是“Its not necessary to be the same. ”。我設(shè)置挖空句型，讓學(xué)生找不同。首先按人物分析：Larry is taller; Larry is more outgoing; Larry plays tennis better; Larry is much less hard-working. / Huang Lei is getting better grades at tennis; Huang Lei always gets better grades. 接著重點(diǎn)帶學(xué)生理解“bring out the best in me”的 用法。我說：As we know， Larry plays tennis better. But do you know why Huang Lei is getting better at tennis？ It is autumn now， its getting cooler and cooler. “is getting” means it changes gradually. Who helps him？ 學(xué)生迅速get 到是由于有Larry的幫助。我再問： Larry is much less hard-working. Larry gets worse grades than Huang Lei. Can you guess what Huang Lei is going to do？ 學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)了“maybe I should help him more”。我說： Huang Lei wants to help Larry. So they can bring out the best in each other. They can learn things from each other. Thats why Huang Lei thinks friends should be different. 把短語放進(jìn)語境中理解，更容易領(lǐng)悟其含義。

第三段的教學(xué)采用追問式：Mary doesnt care if friends are the same or not. What does she really care？ （Answer：True friend.）What is a true friend？（Answer：A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.）Is Carol a true friend or not？ What is Carol like？（Answer：Kind and funny.）我總結(jié)：Maybe she is the funniest of the people Mary knows. 比較級形式最高級含義的句型，通過同義轉(zhuǎn)換破解。我連環(huán)式追問：What happened to Mary last year？ What did Carol do？ Do you think Carol is a true friend or not？ Why？ 對于“a true friend” 的理解，輕松完成。

我總結(jié)：Up to now， we have understood their ideas about friends. Each of them has their special opinion. Thats wonderful.

（三）任務(wù)型閱讀環(huán)節(jié)

Do you still have any problems？ If you say no， please help me solve some of them.我精選有代表性的五道題，每一道題都涉及獨(dú)特的解題思路，限定思考和討論的時間后，進(jìn)行解析。

1.Jeff Green thinks a good friend is like? ? ? ? ? ? ?.

我巡視發(fā)現(xiàn)很多學(xué)生掉進(jìn)陷阱，中考這類題型失分率最高。要教會學(xué)生遇到這樣的題不失手，需要點(diǎn)睛之問。

我問：What does Jeff think a good friend is like？一個學(xué)生回答：Books. 我反問：Are you sure？ How do you know that？ 他讀：I think friends are like books. 我沒有下論斷，問其他學(xué)生：Do you agree with him？ If you do， put up your hand.有學(xué)生舉手，我再問：Who has different ideas？ 有學(xué)生回答：A mirror. 太有趣，預(yù)設(shè)的兩個錯誤答案都有了。我說：Read again and tell me who thinks a good friend is like a mirror？ 學(xué)生們才反應(yīng)過來：Oh， Jeffs mother， not Jeff himself. 我說：So， a mirror isnt suitable here.我強(qiáng)調(diào)：Jeff thinks good friends are like books， but my question is “What does Jeff think a good friend is like”， its not good friends are like ...到此，學(xué)生明白：Oh， its “a book”. 我及時小結(jié)：So， while you are reading， you should read carefully enough.

2.Why does Jeff like reading books and study harder in class？

答案被找到：Because he is quieter and more serious than most kids.我說：Yes， but how do you know that？ Read again and tell me what the key words are. 學(xué)生回答起來有點(diǎn)卡，但也勉強(qiáng)得出：Thats why he likes ...我強(qiáng)調(diào)：So while youre reading， pay attention to these kinds of key words. Its important for the answer.

3.翻譯：You dont need a lot of friends as long as they are good.

我說：“as long as” is the difficult point in this sentence. Do you know the meaning？ “as long as” has a meaning weve learned before. For example， this river is as long as that one. It means “和……一樣長”. Does it have the same meaning in this sentence？ Does it have a different meaning？ 學(xué)生答：只要。我強(qiáng)調(diào)：So while youre reading， pay attention to different meanings.

4.Huang Lei always beats Larry in playing tennis.（T or F）

這道題涉及beat sb. 和win the game 詞義辨析。我說：Read the sentence. Who plays tennis better？學(xué)生答：Larry.? 我說：So Larry always wins the game. That means Larry always beats Huang Lei.難點(diǎn)解決。

5.完成句子：A true friend? ? ? ? ? ? ?for your hand and? ? ? ? ? ? ? your heart.

這道題難度較小，學(xué)生明白應(yīng)關(guān)注動詞第三人稱變化。

（四）諺語賞析

欣賞美句，鼓勵學(xué)生堅持積累。

（五）拓展學(xué)習(xí)

給出一個關(guān)于朋友的語段，引領(lǐng)學(xué)生樹立正確的交友觀。寫作部分要求學(xué)生寫幾句話，從三個層次描述一下自己的朋友。從輸入到輸出，水到渠成。

三、教學(xué)反思

整節(jié)課，學(xué)生一直在緊跟我思考，盡管有些問題有一定難度，但學(xué)生循序漸進(jìn)，認(rèn)真思考，一點(diǎn)一點(diǎn)掌握相關(guān)知識點(diǎn)。如果課堂上，在我的引領(lǐng)下，學(xué)生逐漸學(xué)會閱讀觀察思考，教學(xué)目的就達(dá)到了。

（責(zé)任編輯? ? 周侯辰）