◆周燕華
單項(xiàng)填空對(duì)從句的考查側(cè)重關(guān)系詞、連接詞的選擇,做題時(shí)要學(xué)會(huì)作以下幾個(gè)判斷:
判斷題干是否包含從句很簡(jiǎn)單,就是找句中有幾個(gè)動(dòng)詞。如果題干中有兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞,但只有一個(gè)體現(xiàn)了謂語(yǔ)特征的話,該句不含從句;如果題干有兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞,且兩個(gè)都體現(xiàn)了謂語(yǔ)特征,但句中有并列連詞and、but、or的話,該句為并列句;如果題干中有兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞,且兩個(gè)都是作謂語(yǔ),又沒(méi)有看到and、but、or,我們就可以判斷其中含有從句了。
【考題】1.I arrived at the foot of the mountain, and in front of ___________ lay a stream.
A.where B.which
C.one D.it
2.The old lady is said to have three children,two of ___________ studying abroad.
A.whom B.them
C.all D.who
3.Many young people, most ___________were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
A.of which B.of them
C.of whom D.of those
【解析】題干1有兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞arrived和lay,但同時(shí)也有連詞and,故為并列句,不含從句,空格處需要代詞作主語(yǔ),選D。
題干2有兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞,其中is said to為謂語(yǔ),studying是現(xiàn)在分詞,故后面two of ___________ studying abroad為分詞短語(yǔ)的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu),不含從句,選代詞them,答案為B。
題干3有兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,were和headed,沒(méi)有并列連詞,故含從句,選關(guān)系代詞,答案為C。
判斷題干中的從句是哪種從句主要看主句的情況,先做一組題。
【考題】4.We live in an age ___________ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
A.why B.when
C.to whom D.on which
5.Because of the heavy traffic, it was already time for lunch break ___________ she got to her office.
A.since B.that
C.when D.until
6.___________ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some won’t accept it.
A.That B.Why
C.Where D.How
【解析】題干4主句語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)完整,但意義不明確,判斷需要定語(yǔ)從句。因此從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整,所以選關(guān)系副詞,結(jié)合句意,確定選when,答案為B。
題干5主句語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)完整,意義也明確,但整個(gè)句子的意義不明確,判斷考查狀語(yǔ)從句,根據(jù)句意,選擇when,答案為C。
題干6主句語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)不完整,is known to the public前面缺少主語(yǔ),判斷此句包含名詞性從句,結(jié)合句意,選擇where,答案為C。
從句語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)如果不完整,比如說(shuō)缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)成分,選擇關(guān)系代詞或疑問(wèn)代詞;從句語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)完整,不缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)的話,則選擇關(guān)系副詞或疑問(wèn)副詞,在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)成分。
【考題】7.She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ___________ allows them to communicate freely with each other.
1)太陽(yáng)光源屬于平行光光源,在 ArcGIS三維空間分析工具中,山體陰影工具,模擬的是太陽(yáng)平行線光源。符合日照分析要求。因此,采用山體陰影工具(Hillshade)進(jìn)行日照分析。
A.which B.where
C.what D.who
8.Creating an atmosphere ___________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
A.as B.whose
C.that D.where
【解析】題干7從句缺少主語(yǔ),故應(yīng)選關(guān)系代詞,先行詞為atmosphere,故選which,答案為A。
題干8從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整,故應(yīng)該關(guān)系副詞,先行詞為atmosphere,表示地點(diǎn),故選where,答案為D。
對(duì)于“名詞+that”結(jié)構(gòu),可以嘗試在名詞和that之間加上be動(dòng)詞,如果能構(gòu)成一個(gè)意思上說(shuō)得通的句子,則是同位語(yǔ)從句,否則是定語(yǔ)從句。
A.whether B.that
C.which D.what
10.We are committed to creating a world free from the homeless and the hopeless, a world _________ each and every corner is a true paradise.
A.that B.which
C.of which D.from where
【解析】題干9中,we should have an assistant即為suggestion的內(nèi)容,故為同位語(yǔ)從句,從句結(jié)構(gòu)和意義都完整,故選that,答案為B。
題干10 中,我們不能說(shuō)the world is that each and every is a true paradise(應(yīng)該是each and every corner of the world is a true paradise),故此處不是同位語(yǔ)從句,而是定語(yǔ)從句,從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整,應(yīng)選關(guān)系副詞,結(jié)合句意,選where,答案為A。
要弄清這個(gè)問(wèn)題其實(shí)很簡(jiǎn)單,抓住一點(diǎn)就好了。我們可以先假定句子是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,把“It is/was ...that”去掉,如果句子意思通順,就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,如果翻譯不通,可以考慮是否為名詞性從句。
【考題】11.You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel ___________ the coach picks up tourists.
12.We’ll gather at a hotel.It is the hotel ___________ the coach picks up tourists.
A.who B.which
C.where D.that
13.—I’ve read another book this week.
—Well, maybe ___________ is not how much you read but what you read that counts.
A.this B.that
C.there D.it
【解析】題干11將it is 和空格去掉,句子變?yōu)閠he coach picks up tourists at the hotel,句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整,意義明確,故題干為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,選擇that,答案為D。
題干12將it is和空格去掉,句子變?yōu)閠he hotel和the coach picks up tourists,沒(méi)法構(gòu)成結(jié)構(gòu)和意義都完整的句子,故題干不是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,而是包含了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整,故選關(guān)系副詞,先行詞為hotel,選表示地點(diǎn)的where,答案為C。
題干13將空格和后面的is、that去掉,句子變?yōu)閚ot how much you read but what you read counts(重要的不是你讀了多少書,而是你讀了些什么書),句子結(jié)構(gòu)和意義都完整,故題干為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,選it,答案為D。