張丹丹
【摘要】 目的 探討膽結(jié)石患者圍手術(shù)期應(yīng)用臨床護(hù)理干預(yù)中的應(yīng)用效果。方法 52例膽結(jié)石患者, 按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為對(duì)照組和觀察組, 每組26例。兩組患者均采用手術(shù)治療, 對(duì)照組患者圍手術(shù)期采用常規(guī)護(hù)理, 觀察組患者在對(duì)照組基礎(chǔ)上采用臨床護(hù)理干預(yù)。比較兩組患者的術(shù)后指標(biāo)恢復(fù)情況和并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況。結(jié)果 對(duì)照組患者術(shù)后首次排氣時(shí)間為(18.25±2.43)h, 住院時(shí)間為(6.82±1.64)d,?視覺模擬評(píng)分法(VAS)評(píng)分為(5.02±1.07)分;觀察組患者術(shù)后首次排氣時(shí)間為(13.46±2.18)h, 住院時(shí)間為(5.31±1.39)d, VAS評(píng)分為(3.86±0.84)分;觀察組患者術(shù)后首次排氣時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間均明顯短于對(duì)照組, VAS評(píng)分明顯低于對(duì)照組, 差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組患者并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率3.85%明顯低于對(duì)照組的30.77%, 差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=6.584, P=0.010<0.05)。結(jié)論 膽結(jié)石患者圍手術(shù)期應(yīng)用臨床護(hù)理干預(yù), 能有效改善患者術(shù)后指標(biāo), 護(hù)理效果顯著, 值得臨床廣泛應(yīng)用。
【關(guān)鍵詞】 臨床護(hù)理;膽結(jié)石;圍手術(shù)期;護(hù)理價(jià)值
DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2020.27.077
Discussion of value of clinical nursing in the perioperative period of gallstones? ?ZHANG Dan-dan. Suizhong County Hospital, Huludao 125200, China
【Abstract】 Objective? ?To discuss the application effect of clinical nursing in the perioperative period of gallstones. Methods? ?A total of 52 gallstones patients were divided into control group and observation group according to random numerical table, with 26 cases in each group. Patients in the two groups were treated with surgery, patients in the control group were treated with routine care during the perioperative period, and patients in the observation group were treated with clinical nursing intervention on the basis of the control group. The postoperative indexes and complications of the two groups were compared. Results? ?The anal exhaust time for the first time, hospitalization time and visual analogue scale (VAS) score of the control group were (18.25±2.43) h,
(6.82±1.64) d and (5.02±1.07) points, which were (13.46±2.18) h, (5.31±1.39) d and (3.86±0.84) points of the observation group. The anal exhaust time for the first time and hospitalization time of the observation group were shorter than those of the control group, and VAS score was obviously lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The incidence of complications 3.85% of the observation group was obviously lower than that of the control group 30.77%, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2=6.584, P=0.010<0.05). Conclusion? ?The application of clinical nursing intervention in perioperative period of gallstone patients can effectively improve the postoperative indicators of patients, and the nursing effect is significant, which is worthy of wide clinical application.
【Key words】 Clinical nursing; Gallstones; Perioperative period; Nursing value
2 結(jié)果
2. 1 兩組患者術(shù)后指標(biāo)恢復(fù)情況對(duì)比 對(duì)照組患者術(shù)后首次排氣時(shí)間為(18.25±2.43)h, 住院時(shí)間為(6.82±1.64)d, VAS評(píng)分為(5.02±1.07)分;觀察組患者術(shù)后首次排氣時(shí)間為(13.46±2.18)h, 住院時(shí)間為(5.31±1.39)d, VAS評(píng)分為(3.86±0.84)分;觀察組患者術(shù)后首次排氣時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間均明顯短于對(duì)照組, VAS評(píng)分明顯低于對(duì)照組, 差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表1。
2. 2 兩組患者并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況對(duì)比 對(duì)照組發(fā)生切口感染3例, 皮下氣腫2例, 膽管損傷2例, 腸道損傷1例, 并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率為30.77%;觀察組發(fā)生切口感染1例, 并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率為3.85%;觀察組患者并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率明顯低于對(duì)照組, 差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=6.584, P=0.010<0.05)。
3 討論
膽結(jié)石是臨床上常見的肝膽組織疾病, 其發(fā)病原因主要分為3個(gè)因素:①缺少運(yùn)動(dòng):由于社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展, 人們的生活方式也在發(fā)生改變, 生活中缺少運(yùn)動(dòng)和體力勞動(dòng), 會(huì)導(dǎo)致患者出現(xiàn)肥胖癥狀, 體內(nèi)膽固醇含量升高, 引起膽汁的膽固醇過高、濃度過于飽和, 就會(huì)沉淀并產(chǎn)生結(jié)晶, 形成體積較大的膽固醇結(jié)石;同時(shí), 缺少運(yùn)動(dòng)還會(huì)降低患者膽囊肌的收縮力, 容易造成膽汁淤積, 形成膽結(jié)石[3, 4];②不吃早餐:現(xiàn)代年輕人無吃早餐的習(xí)慣, 長期不吃早餐導(dǎo)致患者膽汁濃度增加, 有利于細(xì)菌繁殖, 容易形成膽結(jié)石;③暴飲暴食:會(huì)導(dǎo)致患者肝臟組織分泌過多膽固醇無法吸收、溶解, 形成膽結(jié)石。而膽結(jié)石疾病會(huì)直接影響患者的生活質(zhì)量, 患者需盡早發(fā)現(xiàn)治療, 摘除結(jié)石, 達(dá)到治療效果。
隨著醫(yī)療水平的發(fā)展, 膽結(jié)石患者手術(shù)治療不再采用傳統(tǒng)開刀取石治療方法, 而采用微創(chuàng)手術(shù)方式, 建立氣腹, 在腹腔鏡下進(jìn)行手術(shù)治療, 具有創(chuàng)口小、術(shù)后恢復(fù)時(shí)間快特點(diǎn)[5-7]。而患者采用腹腔鏡膽囊切除術(shù)、腹腔鏡聯(lián)合膽道鏡探查取石術(shù)治療, 雖能保證患者治療效果, 但術(shù)后容易出現(xiàn)膽管損傷、皮下血腫、切口感染等并發(fā)癥。為有效改善患者預(yù)后質(zhì)量, 膽結(jié)石患者圍手術(shù)期需提供合理護(hù)理措施。
臨床護(hù)理在膽結(jié)石患者圍手術(shù)期的護(hù)理措施:術(shù)前為患者提供心理護(hù)理、健康告知和禁食護(hù)理, 提高患者手術(shù)治療信心;術(shù)中行體溫護(hù)理, 能夠降低低溫引起并發(fā)癥情況;術(shù)后為患者環(huán)境護(hù)理、麻醉護(hù)理、疼痛護(hù)理和康復(fù)護(hù)理, 降低患者術(shù)后疼痛情況, 促進(jìn)患者早日康復(fù), 減少術(shù)后并發(fā)癥情況[8]。本次研究結(jié)果顯示, 觀察組患者術(shù)后首次排氣時(shí)間、住院時(shí)間均明顯短于對(duì)照組, VAS評(píng)分明顯低于對(duì)照組, 差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。觀察組患者并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率3.85%明顯低于對(duì)照組的30.77%, 差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。
綜上所述, 膽結(jié)石患者圍手術(shù)期應(yīng)用臨床護(hù)理干預(yù), 能促進(jìn)患者早日康復(fù), 降低術(shù)后并發(fā)癥情況, 值得臨床廣泛應(yīng)用。
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[收稿日期:2020-03-19]