龍寧 劉躍輝 劉先平 羅岳西
(1.南充市中心醫(yī)院產(chǎn)科;2.南充市中心醫(yī)院骨科,四川南充 637000)
脂聯(lián)素、MMP-9水平與妊娠高血壓子癇前期圍產(chǎn)兒結(jié)局相關(guān)性研究
龍寧1劉躍輝2劉先平1羅岳西1
(1.南充市中心醫(yī)院產(chǎn)科;2.南充市中心醫(yī)院骨科,四川南充 637000)
目的:分析脂聯(lián)素、基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)水平與妊娠高血壓子癇前期(PE)圍產(chǎn)兒結(jié)局的相關(guān)性,探討其臨床參考價值。方法:157例PE孕婦分為輕度PE組(n=64)、重度PE組(n=93),選取同期60名正常孕婦,納入對照組。檢測各組孕婦血清脂聯(lián)素及胎盤MMP-9水平,并就其與圍產(chǎn)兒5 min Apgar評分、體質(zhì)量及胎盤質(zhì)量的相關(guān)性進(jìn)行分析。結(jié)果:PE組孕婦血清脂聯(lián)素及胎盤MMP-9蛋白表達(dá)均低于對照組,隨著孕婦病情加重,其血清脂聯(lián)素及胎盤MMP-9蛋白表達(dá)進(jìn)一步下降,組間差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。PE孕婦圍產(chǎn)兒5 min Apgar評分、出生體質(zhì)量及胎盤質(zhì)量均低于對照組,隨著孕婦病情加重,其圍產(chǎn)兒5 min Apgar評分、出生體質(zhì)量及胎盤質(zhì)量進(jìn)一步下降,組間差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。Pearson相關(guān)性分析顯示血清脂聯(lián)素水平、胎盤MMP-9蛋白表達(dá)均與圍產(chǎn)兒結(jié)局呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05),隨著孕婦血清脂聯(lián)素水平、胎盤MMP-9蛋白表達(dá)的下降,圍產(chǎn)兒5 min Apgar評分、出生體質(zhì)量及胎盤質(zhì)量均有所下降。結(jié)論:血清脂聯(lián)素水平、胎盤MMP-9蛋白表達(dá)均與妊娠高血壓PE圍產(chǎn)兒結(jié)局密切相關(guān),可據(jù)此評估圍產(chǎn)兒結(jié)局并予以早期干預(yù)。
脂聯(lián)素;基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶-9;妊娠高血壓;子癇前期;圍產(chǎn)兒結(jié)局
高血壓子癇前期(pre-eclampsia,PE)孕婦除血壓升高外還存在不同程度的蛋白尿及水腫癥狀,嚴(yán)重者可出現(xiàn)抽搐、昏迷、腎衰竭,常可引起母兒不良結(jié)局[1]。世界范圍內(nèi),妊娠高血壓PE的發(fā)病率約為2%~8%,但目前關(guān)于該病病因及發(fā)病機制尚無明確解釋,故仍缺乏一套預(yù)測圍產(chǎn)兒結(jié)局、指導(dǎo)干預(yù)策略的特異性指標(biāo)[2]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞侵入障礙和子宮動脈擴張不足可能是導(dǎo)致子宮胎盤循環(huán)高阻抗的主要原因,而脂聯(lián)素和基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)均與這一病理過程具有密切關(guān)聯(lián)[3]。此次研究就上述指標(biāo)與妊娠高血壓PE圍產(chǎn)兒結(jié)局的相關(guān)性進(jìn)行分析,希望為PE發(fā)病機制的了解與圍產(chǎn)兒結(jié)局的預(yù)測提供新思路。
入選標(biāo)準(zhǔn):1)參照第八版《婦產(chǎn)科學(xué)》中相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)確診[4];2)單胎妊娠。排除:1)非單胎妊娠及輔助生殖技術(shù)受孕者;2)合并妊娠期糖尿病等其他妊娠期并發(fā)癥;3)合并原發(fā)性慢性高血壓、腎臟疾病、免疫性疾病等內(nèi)外科疾病。按照上述標(biāo)準(zhǔn)篩選2014年7月至2016年7月孕婦,157例妊娠高血壓PE孕婦(PE組)符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn),選取同期60名正常孕婦作為對照組(NC組)。兩組孕婦年齡、體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(BMI)、孕周、孕次、產(chǎn)次等一般臨床資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。本臨床研究已征得我院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會批準(zhǔn),受試者均知情同意并簽署知情同意書。
按照孕婦子癇程度分組標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[5],分為輕度PE組、重度PE組。輕度PE為妊娠20周后出現(xiàn)收縮壓≥140 mmHg和(或)舒張壓≥90 mmHg,伴蛋白尿≥0.3 g/24 h或隨機尿蛋白≥(+);出現(xiàn)下述任意不良情況即可判定重度PE:①血壓持續(xù)升高,收縮壓≥160 mmHg和(或)舒張壓≥110 mmhg;②蛋白尿≥2.0 g/24 h或隨機尿蛋白≥(++);③血清肌酐≥1.2 mg/dL;④血小板<100×109/L;⑤微血管病性溶血;⑥血清轉(zhuǎn)氨酶水平升高;⑦持續(xù)上腹部疼痛;⑧持續(xù)頭痛或視覺障礙。197例中共93例重度PE,64例輕度PE。
抽取各組孕婦分娩前空腹靜脈血,并于胎盤娩出后在臍帶附著處的母體面取1 cm×1 cm×1 cm胎盤組織,分別使用體外放射免疫分析法、實時熒光定量逆轉(zhuǎn)錄聚合酶鏈?zhǔn)椒磻?yīng)技術(shù)法,對血清脂聯(lián)素水平、胎盤MMP-9蛋白表達(dá)進(jìn)行定量檢測[6]。比較各組孕婦血清脂聯(lián)素、胎盤MMP-9檢測結(jié)果,數(shù)據(jù)以SPSS18.0處理,并運用Pearson法,分析其與圍產(chǎn)兒5 min Apgar評分、體質(zhì)量及胎盤質(zhì)量的相關(guān)性,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
PE孕婦血清脂聯(lián)素及胎盤MMP-9蛋白表達(dá)均低于對照組,隨著孕婦病情加重,其血清脂聯(lián)素及胎盤MMP-9蛋白表達(dá)進(jìn)一步下降,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表1。
表1 3組孕婦血清脂聯(lián)素、胎盤MMP-9蛋白表達(dá)比較()
表1 3組孕婦血清脂聯(lián)素、胎盤MMP-9蛋白表達(dá)比較()
注:與輕度PE組比較,*P<0.05;與重度PE組比較,#P<0.05
指標(biāo) 輕度PE(n=64)重度PE(n=93) 對照組(n=60)脂聯(lián)素(mg/L) 13.26±4.10 9.65±2.32* 15.68±2.74*#MMP-9 蛋白 0.17±0.03 0.26±0.05* 0.37±0.05*#
PE孕婦圍產(chǎn)兒5 min Apgar評分、出生體質(zhì)量及胎盤質(zhì)量均低于對照組,隨著孕婦病情加重,其圍產(chǎn)兒5 min Apgar評分、出生體質(zhì)量及胎盤質(zhì)量進(jìn)一步下降,差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表2。Pearson相關(guān)性分析處理結(jié)果,血清脂聯(lián)素水平、胎盤MMP-9蛋白表達(dá)均與圍產(chǎn)兒結(jié)局呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05),即隨著孕婦血清脂聯(lián)素水平、胎盤MMP-9蛋白表達(dá)的下降,圍產(chǎn)兒5 min Apgar評分(r=0.575,r=0.496)、出生體質(zhì)量(r=0.481,r=0.433)及胎盤質(zhì)量(r=0.609,r=0.528)均有所下降。
表2 3組圍產(chǎn)兒結(jié)局比較()
表2 3組圍產(chǎn)兒結(jié)局比較()
注:與輕度PE組比較,*P<0.05;與重度PE組比較,#P<0.05
指標(biāo) 輕度PE(n=64) 重度PE(n=93) 對照組(n=60)5 min Apgaer評分(分) 8.75±1.14 7.60±1.58* 9.76±0.71*#出生體質(zhì)量(g) 2724.58±531.60 1526.03±281.83*3307.35±465.20*#胎盤質(zhì)量(g) 420.57±61.69 287.24±53.09* 577.48±70.82*#
PE常并發(fā)胎兒宮內(nèi)缺氧、宮內(nèi)生長受限、醫(yī)源性早產(chǎn)、遠(yuǎn)期智力缺陷,因此,在本病妊娠及治療過程中,如何盡早發(fā)現(xiàn)、及時評估胎兒宮內(nèi)情況,對于探索PE發(fā)病規(guī)律、尋求疾病的早期防治策略均具有重要意義[7]。PE的發(fā)生發(fā)展過程,由多種細(xì)胞因子間共同作用[8]。其中,脂聯(lián)素是一種含有244個氨基酸殘基的激素蛋白,主要由白色脂肪組織中成熟脂肪細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生,并可表達(dá)于肝臟、心肌細(xì)胞、骨骼肌、結(jié)腸、唾液腺等多個部位。脂聯(lián)素可通過兩種不同的跨膜轉(zhuǎn)運受體,參與機體能量和代謝平衡過程,并在抗炎、抗氧化、抗動脈粥樣硬化等環(huán)節(jié)發(fā)揮重要作用[9]。亦有學(xué)者發(fā)現(xiàn),脂聯(lián)素可抑制腎素-血管緊張素系統(tǒng)(RAS)活性,達(dá)到調(diào)節(jié)血壓和血管的作用,即脂聯(lián)素水平的升高往往伴隨著內(nèi)皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)的激活與一氧化氮(NO)的合成,而NO是調(diào)節(jié)正常妊娠及PE血壓、血管功能的重要物質(zhì)[11-12]。本研究中PE孕婦血清脂聯(lián)素水平明顯降低,且其病情越重,脂聯(lián)素水平降低越明顯,機制可能與脂聯(lián)素水平下降所致抗炎、抗氧化能力不足,滋養(yǎng)層細(xì)胞浸潤障礙加劇,血管內(nèi)皮功能下降,NO合成不足有關(guān)[13]。
胚胎發(fā)育至2~3周時,胎盤、絨毛內(nèi)血管開始形成,母體-胎盤-胎兒循環(huán)逐步開始建立,這一過程伴隨著胎盤滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞向子宮蛻膜層、肌層、血管的演變,而在PE孕婦中,滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞的浸潤僅局限在子宮蛻膜層,部分螺旋動脈甚至無滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞浸潤[14-15]。在滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞的浸潤過程中,MMP-9可發(fā)揮水解膠原組織、重塑基質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)作用,對于胚泡的著床具有重要意義[16]。然而,此次研究在胎盤MMP-9蛋白表達(dá)水平的檢測中,發(fā)現(xiàn)PE孕婦胎盤組織MMP-9蛋白表達(dá)水平顯著低于正常孕婦,說明MMP-9蛋白表達(dá)水平隨著PE患者胎盤組織中滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞侵襲能力的下降而逐漸降低[17],隨著孕婦病情加重,其血清脂聯(lián)素及胎盤MMP-9蛋白表達(dá)進(jìn)一步下降,與上述結(jié)論相符。同時,MMP-9表達(dá)水平的下降不僅預(yù)示著胎盤滋養(yǎng)細(xì)胞侵襲能力的降低,也意味著胎盤著床過淺、血流灌注不足,最終可引發(fā)母體系統(tǒng)性內(nèi)皮損傷,并對圍產(chǎn)兒結(jié)局造成不良影響[18]。
本研究Pearson相關(guān)性分析顯示血清脂聯(lián)素水平、胎盤MMP-9蛋白表達(dá)水平均與PE孕婦圍產(chǎn)兒結(jié)局具有密切相關(guān)性,可關(guān)注其在圍產(chǎn)兒結(jié)局的預(yù)測及早期干預(yù)中的應(yīng)用。
[1] ELEUTERIO N M, PALEI A C T, MACHADO J S R, et al.Positive correlations between circulating adiponectin and MMP2 in preeclampsia pregnant[J]. Pregnancy Hypertens,2015, 5(2): 205-208.
[2] DULEY L. The global impact of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia.[J].Seminars in Perinatology, 2009, 33(3):130.
[3] 崔世紅, 李園園, 吳娟, 等. 脂聯(lián)素與臍動脈超聲血流指數(shù)預(yù)測重度PE圍產(chǎn)兒結(jié)局[J]. 中華圍產(chǎn)醫(yī)學(xué)雜志, 2016, 19(5): 390-395.
[4] QIN C M, TIAN F J, LIU X R, et al. CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Downregulate Placental Adiponectin and Increase Embryo Loss in Non-Obese Diabetic Mice[J]. Am J Reprod Immunol, 2016,76(1): 38-49.
[5] MACHADO J S R, PALEI A C T, AMARAL L M, et al.Polymorphisms of the adiponectin gene in gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia[J]. J Hum Hypertens, 2014,28(2): 128-132.
[6] YAN L, BORREGAARD N, KJELDSEN L, et al. The high molecular weight urinary matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)activity is a complex of gelatinase B/MMP-9 and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL). Modulation of MMP-9 activity by NGAL.[J]. J Biol Chem, 2001, 276(40):37258-37265.
[7] LEE S M, PARK J S, NORWITZ E R, et al. Mid-trimester amniotic fluid pro-inflammatory biomarkers predict the risk of spontaneous preterm delivery in twins: a retrospective cohort study[J]. J Perinatol, 2015, 35(8): 542-546.
[8] HAJAGOS-TóTH J, DUCZA E, SAMAVATI R, et al. Obesity in pregnancy: a novel concept on the roles of adipokines in uterine contractility[J]. Croat Med J, 2017, 58(2): 96-106.
[9] KADOWAKI T, YAMAUCHI T. Adiponectin and adiponectin receptors.[J]. Endocrine Reviews, 2005, 26(3):439.
[10] ANTHANONT P. Emerging markers of atherosclerosis before and after bariatric surgery[J]. Obes Surg, 2015, 25(5): 855.
[11] YANG Y, ZHANG J, GONG Y, et al. Increased expression of prostasin contributes to early-onset severe preeclampsia through inhibiting trophoblast invasion[J]. J Perinatol, 2015, 35(1): 16-22.
[12] MIEHLE K, STEPAN H, FASSHAUER M. Leptin, adiponectin and other adipokines in gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia[J]. Clinical Endocrinology, 2012, 76(1):2-11.
[13] SHAH D A, KHALIL R A. Bioactive factors in uteroplacental and systemic circulation link placental ischemia to generalized vascular dysfunction in hypertensive pregnancy and preeclampsia[J]. Biochem Pharmacol, 2015, 95(4): 211-226.
[14] DULEY L, HENDERSONSMART D J, MEHER S, et al. Antiplatelet agents for preventing pre-eclampsia and its complications.[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2004,5(1):CD004659.
[15] KAR M. Role of biomarkers in early detection of preeclampsia[J]. J Clin Diagn Res, 2014, 8(4): 1-4.
[16] BALOGH O, STAUB L P, GRAM A, et al. Leptin in the canine uterus and placenta: possible implications in pregnancy[J].Reprod Biol Endocrinol, 2015, 13(1): 13.
[17] DOS SANTOS E, DUVAL F, VIALARD F, et al. The roles of leptin and adiponectin at the fetal-maternal interface in humans[J]. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig, 2015, 24(1): 47-63.
[18] SPRADLEY F T, PALEI A C, GRANGER J P. Immune mechanisms linking obesity and preeclampsia[J]. Biomolecules,2015, 5(4): 3142-3176.
Study on the correlation among adiponectin, MMP-9 level and perinatal outcome in preeclampsia for pregnancy-induced hypertension
LONG Ning1, LIU Yuehui2, LIU Xianping1, LUO Yuexi1. (1.Department of obstetrics,Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong 637000 china;2. Department of orthopedics, Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong 637000 china)
Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the correlation among adiponectin, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) level and perinatal outcome in preeclampsia (PE) for pregnancy-induced hypertension,and to explore its clinical reference value. Methods: A total sample of 157 cases of PE pregnant women were divided into the mild PE group (n=64) and the severe PE group (n=93), and another 60 normal pregnant women in the same period were selected and included in the control group. The levels of serum adiponectin and placental MMP-9 were detected in all groups, and the correlation between the serum adiponectin level, placental MMP-9 level, and the 5 min Apgar scores, body weight and placental weight of perinatal infants was analyzed. Results: The serum adiponectin and placental MMP-9 protein expression in the PE group were lower than those in the control group. With the aggravation of the pregnant women’s condition, the serum adiponectin and placental MMP-9 protein expression decreased further,and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). The 5 min Apgar scores, birth body weight and placental weight of pregnant women and perinatal infants were lower than those in the control group. With the aggravation of the pregnant women's condition, the 5 min Apgar scores, birth body weight and placental weight of perinatal infants decreased further, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the serum adiponectin level and placental MMP-9 protein expression were both positively correlated with perinatal outcome (P<0.05). With the decrease of serum adiponectin level and placental MMP-9 protein expression in pregnant women, the 5 min Apgar scores, the birth body weight and the placental weight of perinatal infants all decreased. Conclusions: The serum adiponectin level and placental MMP-9 protein expression are closely related to perinatal outcome of pregnancy-induced hypertension PE perinatal infants. On these grounds, the perinatal outcome can be evaluated and early intervention can be given.
adiponectin; MMP-9; pregnancy-induced hypertension; preeclampsia; perinatal outcome
R714.252
A
2095-5200(2017)06-070-03
10.11876/mimt201706028
龍寧,碩士,主治醫(yī)師,研究方向:婦產(chǎn)圍產(chǎn)臨床,Email:hhuh198142@sohu.com。