鄧志梅
[摘要] 目的 探討小兒腎積水的護(hù)理方法及臨床效果。 方法 選取我院在2013年1月~2015年3月收治的小兒腎積水患者40例設(shè)為對照組;完善護(hù)理方法后,選取2015年5月~2017年2月收治的小兒腎積水患者40例設(shè)為觀察組;回顧性分析兩組患者的臨床資料,比較其臨床療效、腎功能、術(shù)后并發(fā)癥情況。 結(jié)果 (1)觀察組患者臨床有效率為92.50%,對照組臨床總有效率為75.00%,差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Z=4.500,P<0.05);(2)兩組患者術(shù)后Scr、BUN均恢復(fù)正常,但觀察組Scr、BUN水平明顯低于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);(3)觀察組不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率明顯低于對照組(12.50%vs32.50%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=4.588,P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 良好的護(hù)理方式在提高小兒腎積水臨床療效、降低并發(fā)癥及改善腎功能方面具有重要意義,本文中的護(hù)理措施值得臨床借鑒。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 護(hù)理;小兒腎積水;并發(fā)癥;臨床療效
[中圖分類號] R473.72 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A [文章編號] 2095-0616(2017)15-
[Abstract] Objective To explore the nursing method and clinical effect of hydronephrosis in children. Methods 40 cases of children with hydronephrosis cured in our hospital from January 2013 to March 2015 were selected as control group,and 40 cases of children with children with hydronephrosis cured in our hospital from May 2015 to February 2017 were selected as observation group.The clinical data,renal function and postoperative complications of the two groups were analyzed retrospectively. Results (1)The clinical effective rate of the observation group was 92.50%,and the total effective rate of the control group was 75%,and the difference was statistically significant(Z=4.500,P<0.05).(2)The Scr and BUN of the two groups all recovered to normal,but the levels of Scr and BUN in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).(3)The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(12.50%vs32.50%),and the difference was statistically significant(χ2=4.588,P<0.05). Conclusion Good nursing mode is important for improving clinical curative effect,reducing complications and improving renal function in children with hydronephrosis.The nursing measures in this article are worthy of clinical reference.
[Key words] Nursing;Hydronephrosis in children;Complication;Clinical effect
小兒腎積水是泌尿外科常見的疾病,引起腎積水的原因主要有兩種,一是輸尿管阻塞,占小兒腎積水發(fā)病原因的90%以上[1],多為先天性腎盂輸尿管狹窄引起,導(dǎo)致腎臟中的尿液不易流至膀胱,停滯于腎臟;二是尿液逆流,正常經(jīng)膀胱排出體外的尿液逆流至輸尿管甚至腎臟,造成腎積水,此種原因在小兒中少見,一旦發(fā)生極易出現(xiàn)感染[2],嚴(yán)重影響腎臟功能。據(jù)調(diào)查顯示[3],每一萬名新生兒中就有13名存在腎積水,且后期隨著小兒的生長發(fā)育,腎積水的發(fā)病率也逐年上升。多數(shù)患兒發(fā)病早期無明顯癥狀,待腎臟腫脹到一定程度后無意間被家長發(fā)現(xiàn)腹部或腰部出現(xiàn)包塊才去就診,部分患者首發(fā)癥狀為高熱寒戰(zhàn)、膿血尿等。若治療不及時(shí)或護(hù)理不完善,可導(dǎo)致腎功能衰竭甚至尿毒癥,嚴(yán)重影響著患兒的健康。近年來隨著人們對護(hù)理理念認(rèn)識的不斷加深,任何一種疾病在臨床治療的同時(shí)加強(qiáng)護(hù)理干預(yù)對疾病的預(yù)后具有重要作用[4-5]。本研究回顧性分析我院改進(jìn)護(hù)理方法前后收治的小兒腎積水患者的臨床資料,探討護(hù)理方法在小兒腎積水中的臨床效果,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選取我院在2013年1月~2015年3月收治的小兒腎積水患者40例設(shè)為對照組,男28例,女12例,年齡2~11歲,平均(5.4±2.1)歲,左側(cè)腎積水17例,右側(cè)腎積水21例,雙腎積水2例;另選取我院改善護(hù)理方法后在2015年5月~2017年2月收治的小兒腎積水患者40例設(shè)為觀察組,男26例,女14例,年齡2~12歲,平均(5.5±2.6)歲,左側(cè)腎積水19例,右側(cè)腎積水20例,雙腎積水1例。所有患兒均為先天性腎盂輸尿管狹窄;均經(jīng)腎臟超聲及尿路平片確診。兩組患者性別、年齡、病變部位等一般資料方面比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。