羅衛(wèi)民,羅湘玉,郭家龍,林稱意,張軍
miR-200b靶向DNMT3A抑制非小細(xì)胞肺癌細(xì)胞增殖與誘導(dǎo)凋亡
羅衛(wèi)民,羅湘玉,郭家龍,林稱意,張軍△
目的 探討miR-200b是否通過靶向調(diào)控DNMT3A抑制人非小細(xì)胞肺癌A549細(xì)胞增殖與誘導(dǎo)凋亡。方法運用qRT-PCR檢測miR-200b在不同非小細(xì)胞肺癌細(xì)胞株中的表達(dá);將miR-200b mimics、scramble、DNMT3A-siRNA、control-siRNA分別轉(zhuǎn)染于A549細(xì)胞,其中scramble與control-siRNA分別作為miR-200b mimics與DNMT3A-siRNA的陰性對照組。采用Western blot檢測A549細(xì)胞中DNMT3A蛋白表達(dá);采用MTT與AnnexinV-FITC/PI染色法分別檢測A549細(xì)胞的增殖與凋亡,比較miR-200b mimics與DNMT3A-siRNA對A549細(xì)胞增殖與凋亡的影響。結(jié)果 qRT-PCR結(jié)果顯示,miR-200b在非小細(xì)胞肺癌A549、H1299、L78、H460細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)均明顯低于正常人支氣管上皮16HBE細(xì)胞,其中以A549細(xì)胞下調(diào)最為明顯(P<0.05)。Western blot結(jié)果顯示,外源過表達(dá)miR-200b或沉默DNMT3A能明顯下調(diào)A549細(xì)胞中DNMT3A蛋白的水平。MTT結(jié)果顯示,轉(zhuǎn)染miR-200b mimics或沉默DN?MT3A 48 h、72 h、96 h后,反映細(xì)胞增殖的光密度(OD)值與各自陰性對照組比較明顯減?。≒<0.05)。AnnexinVFITC/PI染色結(jié)果顯示,轉(zhuǎn)染miR-200b mimics或沉默DNMT3A后,A549細(xì)胞的凋亡率分別為(23.33%±0.90%、20.41%±0.70%)均高于各自陰性對照組(5.28%±0.55%、5.68%±0.47%,P<0.05)。結(jié)論 miR-200b通過下調(diào)DNMT3A抑制人非小細(xì)胞肺癌細(xì)胞增殖與誘導(dǎo)凋亡。
微RNAs;癌,非小細(xì)胞肺;細(xì)胞增殖;細(xì)胞凋亡;miR-200b;DNA甲基化轉(zhuǎn)移酶3A
MicroRNAs(miRNAs)最初在秀麗隱桿線蟲中被發(fā)現(xiàn),是一類高度保守的單鏈非編碼小RNA。目前,在人類基因組中已發(fā)現(xiàn)超過700種miRNAs,大約調(diào)控人類30%的轉(zhuǎn)錄本[1]。miRNAs通過與靶mRNAs 3′非編碼區(qū)結(jié)合,導(dǎo)致翻譯抑制或mRNA降解,從而沉默靶基因的表達(dá)。研究表明miRNAs參與各種細(xì)胞過程的調(diào)控,包括細(xì)胞增殖、轉(zhuǎn)移、分化以及凋亡,在腫瘤的發(fā)生發(fā)展過程中可能起重要癌基因或抑癌基因樣作用[2]。研究顯示miR-200b在胃癌[3]、膠質(zhì)瘤[4]、乳腺癌[5]、宮頸癌[6]中表達(dá)下調(diào),并對腫瘤具有抑制作用。DNA甲基轉(zhuǎn)移酶3A (DNMT3A)在多種惡性腫瘤中高表達(dá),如在肺癌細(xì)胞中外源高表達(dá)miR-101通過靶向調(diào)控DNMT3A抑制肺癌的侵襲轉(zhuǎn)移[7]。目前有關(guān)miR-200b與DNMT3A在非小細(xì)胞肺癌(NSCLC)中的研究尚少見報道。本研究旨在探討miR-200b在NSCLC中的生物學(xué)作用及相關(guān)作用機制。
1.1 細(xì)胞系 人NSCLC細(xì)胞株A549、H1299、L78、H460細(xì)胞,人支氣管上皮細(xì)胞株16HBE細(xì)胞均由中山大學(xué)腫瘤研究所惠贈。細(xì)胞用含10%胎牛血清的RPMI 1640培養(yǎng),置于37℃、5%CO2的恒溫箱中培養(yǎng)。
1.2 主要材料 Lipofectamine2000轉(zhuǎn)染試劑及PCR引物購自美國Invitrogen公司;miR-200b mimics及scramble購自美國Ambion公司;DNMT3A-siRNA及control-siRNA質(zhì)粒購自Santa Cruz公司;DNMT3A抗體和β-actin抗體購自美國Epigentek公司;RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)基和小牛血清購自Gibco公司;Annexin V-EGFP細(xì)胞凋亡檢測試劑盒購自南京凱基生物科技公司;MTT粉購自美國Sigma公司。
1.3 qRT-PCR檢測miR-200b在不同NSCLC細(xì)胞中及轉(zhuǎn)染miR-200b mimics的A549細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)水平 分別收集A549、H1299、L78、H460、16HBE細(xì)胞以及轉(zhuǎn)染miR-200b mimics的A549細(xì)胞,用RNA提取試劑盒提取細(xì)胞總RNA,逆轉(zhuǎn)錄合成cDNA。PCR擴(kuò)增反應(yīng)為20 μL體系,包括:PCR primers(5 μmol/L)0.4 μL,Taq DNA polymerase(5 U/μL)0.2 μL,RT product 2.0 μL,2×SYBR Mix 10 μL,滅菌蒸餾水7.4 μL。循環(huán)體系為:95℃3 min;95℃12 s,62℃35 s,72℃30 s,40個循環(huán)。以β-actin為內(nèi)參,在不同細(xì)胞株中所測定的miR-200b的相對表達(dá)量采用2-ΔΔCt法分析。
1.4 瞬時轉(zhuǎn)染miRNA 培養(yǎng)A549細(xì)胞,將scramble、miR-200b mimics、control-siRNA、DNMT3A-siRNA分別轉(zhuǎn)染于A549細(xì)胞中。消化細(xì)胞并吹打制成5×104個細(xì)胞/mL的懸液,按2 mL/孔鋪至6孔板內(nèi),放置于37℃、5%CO2的細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng)至細(xì)胞匯合度達(dá)30%~50%用于轉(zhuǎn)染。在無菌EP管中配好lipofectamin2000及待轉(zhuǎn)染試劑;室溫放置20 min,使脂質(zhì)體與miRNA mimics形成復(fù)合體。用無血清培養(yǎng)液輕輕洗滌待轉(zhuǎn)染細(xì)胞,加入1 mL無血清RPMI 1640,然后將孵育好的復(fù)合體混合溶液加至6孔板中,將細(xì)胞置于37℃、5%CO2培養(yǎng)箱中培養(yǎng),轉(zhuǎn)染6 h后換成有RPMI 1640完全細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)基繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)48 h。
1.5 Western blot檢測各組細(xì)胞DNMT3A的表達(dá)水平 實驗分4組:scramble組、miR-200b mimics組、control-siRNA組、DNMT3A-siRNA組;其中scramble組與control-siRNA組分別作為miR-200b mimics組與DNMT3A-siRNA組的陰性對照組。分別收集上述4組轉(zhuǎn)染細(xì)胞并提取細(xì)胞總蛋白,BCA法測定蛋白濃度。各組取等量樣本,進(jìn)行SDS-PAGE凝膠電泳后,將蛋白轉(zhuǎn)移至PVDF膜上,5%脫脂牛奶封閉,加入DNMT3A抗體或β-actin抗體,4℃過夜。TBST洗膜30 min,加入二抗室溫孵育1 h,TBST洗膜30 min,然后加ECL發(fā)光劑,X線片曝光、顯影、定影。
1.6 MTT法檢測細(xì)胞增殖 細(xì)胞分組同1.5。消化各組細(xì)胞,取200 μL即5×103個細(xì)胞接種于96孔板中,設(shè)復(fù)孔6個,分別培養(yǎng)24、48、72、96 h待至臨近飽和時,每孔加20 μL MTT液,孵育4 h,每孔中加入DMSO 150 μL,低速振蕩10 min,選擇波長為570 nm,在酶標(biāo)儀上測定各孔光密度(OD)值,實驗重復(fù)3次。
1.7 AnnexinV-FITC/PI檢測細(xì)胞凋亡 細(xì)胞分組同1.5。收集各組培養(yǎng)至80%左右融合,用PBS液洗滌細(xì)胞2次,離心,取約1×106個細(xì)胞,加入100 μL的結(jié)合緩沖液懸浮細(xì)胞。加5 μL AnnexinV-FITC混勻,再加1 μL PI混勻。室溫下避光反應(yīng)15~30 min,上機,流式細(xì)胞儀檢測。
1.8 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法 采用SPSS 13.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析。所有結(jié)果均以±s表示。兩組比較采用t檢驗,多組間比較采用單因素方差分析,組間多重比較采用Boferroni法。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2.1 miR-200b在不同NSCLC細(xì)胞株中表達(dá)水平比較 qRT-PCR結(jié)果顯示,與16HBE細(xì)胞比較,miR-200b在NSCLC A549、H1299、L78、H460細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)均明顯下調(diào),其中以A549細(xì)胞下調(diào)最為明顯,差異均有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(F=10.528,P=0.001),見圖1。
Fig.1 The expressions of miR-200b in different non-small cell lung cancer cells and human bronchial epithelial cells detected by qRT-PCR圖1qRT-PCR檢測miR-200b在不同NSCLC細(xì)胞株與人支氣管上皮細(xì)胞中的表達(dá)
2.2 各組miR-200b轉(zhuǎn)染效率及其對DNMT3A蛋白表達(dá)的影響 qRT-PCR結(jié)果顯示,與scramble組比較,miR-200b mimics組A549細(xì)胞中miR-200b的表達(dá)水平明顯上調(diào),差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(t=20.350,P<0.01),見圖2。Western blot結(jié)果顯示,miR-200b mimics組和DNMT3A-siRNA組DNMT3A蛋白表達(dá)水分別平較scramble組和control-siRNA組明顯降低,提示在NSCLC A549細(xì)胞中miR-200b能下調(diào)DNMT3A蛋白表達(dá),見圖3。
Fig.2 The transfection efficiency of miR-200b mimics in A549 cells validated by qRT-PCR圖2 qRT-PCR驗證miR-200b mimics在A549細(xì)胞中的轉(zhuǎn)染效率
Fig.3 The effect of miR-200b on the expression of DNMT3A protein detected by Western blot assay圖3 Western blot檢測miR-200b對DNMT3A蛋白的影響
2.3 miR-200b對NSCLC細(xì)胞增殖的影響 MTT結(jié)果顯示,miR-200b mimics組和DNMT3A-siRNA 組A549細(xì)胞的增殖能力在48 h、72 h、96 h后明顯受到抑制,與各自對照組比較,差異均具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(48 h:F=8.874,P=0.006;72 h:F=16.713,P= 0.001;96 h:F=16.468,P=0.001),提示外源高表達(dá)miR-200b或沉默DNMT3A表達(dá)能抑制A549細(xì)胞的增殖,見圖4。
2.4 miR-200b對NSCLC細(xì)胞凋亡的影響 miR-200b mimics組和DNMT3A-siRNA組A549細(xì)胞凋亡率分別為23.33%±0.90%、20.41%±0.70%,均高于各自對照組 5.28%±0.55%、5.68%±0.47%(F= 181.305,P<0.001),提示外源高表達(dá)miR-200b或沉默DNMT3A表達(dá)能誘導(dǎo)A549細(xì)胞凋亡,見圖5。
Fig.4 The effects of miR-200b and DNMT3A-siRNA on proliferation ability of A549 cells detected by MTT assay圖4MTT法檢測miR-200b和DNMT3A-siRNA對A549細(xì)胞增殖能力的影響
Fig.5 The effects of miR-200b and DNMT3A-siRNA on apoptotic rates of A549 cells detected by Annexin V/propidium iodide staining圖5 凋亡實驗檢測miR-200b和DNMT3A-siRNA對A549細(xì)胞凋亡率的影響
3.1 肺癌的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 肺癌是全球癌癥相關(guān)死亡的主要原因,其中80%的肺癌為NSCLC[8]。在過去5年中,我國NSCLC患者呈迅速增長趨勢。盡管目前臨床治療和術(shù)后監(jiān)測策略有了大幅改善,但NSCLC患者根治術(shù)后5年生存率只有30%~60%[9]。因此,闡明其發(fā)生發(fā)展的潛在調(diào)控機制以及尋找有效治療靶點迫在眉睫。雖然目前在調(diào)控肺癌相關(guān)基因的研究中已取得一定的進(jìn)展,但這些異?;虻牟±砩砉δ芎蜐撛跈C制尚不清楚。
3.2 miR-200b在腫瘤中的研究狀況 目前,研究者對miR-200家族的表達(dá)模式與功能在不同的腫瘤中進(jìn)行了廣泛的研究,但仍存有爭議。miR-200家族包括miR-200、miR-200b、miR-200c、miR-429 和miR-141[10]。研究顯示,miR-200家族參與不同的病理生理過程,并在多種腫瘤中發(fā)揮抑癌作用,如結(jié)腸癌、胰腺癌、胃癌以及子宮內(nèi)膜癌[11-13]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),miR-200b在前列腺癌與胃癌中參與上皮間質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化、腫瘤干細(xì)胞的形成與維持以及腫瘤的侵襲[14-15];在膠質(zhì)瘤中表達(dá)下調(diào),并靶向CREB1抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞增殖[4];在乳腺組織和細(xì)胞中表達(dá)下調(diào),外源高表達(dá)miR-200b通過靶向Sp1抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞的增殖與誘導(dǎo)凋亡[5]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),miR-200b在不同NSCLC細(xì)胞中表達(dá)水平與人支氣管上皮細(xì)胞相比均下調(diào)。在NSCLC細(xì)胞中外源高表達(dá)miR-200b后,細(xì)胞的增殖能力明顯受到抑制,而發(fā)生凋亡的細(xì)胞也明顯增多,表明miR-200b能抑制NSCLC細(xì)胞增殖并誘導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡。
3.3 DNMT3A在腫瘤中的研究 DNMT3A是一種從頭甲基轉(zhuǎn)移酶,調(diào)節(jié)哺乳動物CpG甲基化。CpG二核苷的胞嘧啶甲基化是重要的表觀遺傳修飾,高甲基化水平是基因啟動子轉(zhuǎn)錄沉默的特征。DN?MT3A在胚胎形成與疾病發(fā)生的動態(tài)DNA甲基化過程中發(fā)揮重要作用,高甲基化水平使腫瘤抑制基因沉默,從而參與腫瘤的發(fā)生[16-17]。有研究表明,DNMT3A在多種惡性腫瘤中高表達(dá),如乳腺癌[16]、肝癌[17]、腎癌[18]、胃癌[19]、膠質(zhì)瘤[20]、宮頸癌[21]。在乳腺癌中miR-143通過直接靶向DNMT3A抑制乳腺癌細(xì)胞增殖[16]。在肝癌中 miR-450a通過靶向DNMT3A抑制肝癌細(xì)胞增殖[17]。DNMT3A在腎細(xì)胞癌中高表達(dá)與患者臨床分期、淋巴結(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移以及預(yù)后生存明顯相關(guān)[18]。在胃癌細(xì)胞中miR-200b通過靶向DNMT3A抑制腫瘤細(xì)胞的遷移與侵襲[19]。miR-29s通過靶向DNMT3A抑制膠質(zhì)瘤細(xì)胞增殖、侵襲與轉(zhuǎn)移[20]。miR-182通過下調(diào)DNMT3A誘導(dǎo)宮頸癌細(xì)胞凋亡[21]。
3.4miR-200b與DNMT3A在NSCLC中的研究 本研究表明,在NSCLC細(xì)胞中高表達(dá)miR-200b能下調(diào)DNMT3A蛋白水平,進(jìn)一步在NSCLC細(xì)胞中沉默DNMT3A后,不僅NSCLC細(xì)胞的增殖能力受到抑制,而且凋亡的細(xì)胞數(shù)也增多,表明miR-200b可能通過下調(diào)DNMT3A抑制NSCLC細(xì)胞增殖與誘導(dǎo)凋亡。
綜上所述,miR-200b在NSCLC中表達(dá)下調(diào),并通過下調(diào)DNMT3A抑制NSCLC細(xì)胞增殖與誘導(dǎo)凋亡,提示miR-200b是一個潛在的治療靶點,為今后NSCLC的靶向治療提供了新的實驗依據(jù)。
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(2016-01-05收稿 2016-03-01修回)
(本文編輯 李鵬)
miR-200b suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer cells by targeting DNMT3A
LUO Weimin,LUO Xiangyu,GUO Jialong,LIN Chengyi,ZHANG Jun△Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery,the Affiliated Shiyan Taihe Hospital of
Hubei College of Pharmacy,Shiyan 442000,China
△
Objective To investigate whether miR-200b suppresses proliferation and induces apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer cells by targeting DNMT3A.Methods A qRT-PCR was employed for detecting the expression of miR-200b in different non-small cell lung cancer cells and human bronchial epithelial cells.A549 cells were transfected with miR-200b mimics,scramble,DNMT3A-siRNA and control-siRNA,respectively.The scramble and control-siRNA were served the negative control of miR-200b mimics and DNMT3A-siRNA,respectively.Western blot assay was conducted to detect the expression of DNMT3A protein in A549 cells.MTT and Annexin V/propidium iodide staining were employed to detect the proliferation ability and apoptosis rate of A549 cells.The effects of miR-200b mimics and DNMT3A-siRNA on the proliferation and apoptosis rate of A549 cells were compared between groups.Results Results of qRT-PCR showed that the expression of miR-200b was significantly down-regulated in A549,H1299,L78 and H460 cells than that of 16HBE cells.Among them,the most obviously reduction was found in A549 cells(P<0.05).Western blot assay showed that the level of DNMT3Aproteinwasinhibitedbyrestored miR-200b or knock-down DNMT3A in A549 cells.After transfection of miR-200bmimicsorknock-downDNMT3Afor48h,72 hand96h,MTTshowedthattheODvalues,whichreflectedtheopticaldensityofcellproliferationweresignificantlylowerthanthose inthecontrolgroup(P<0.05).AnnexinV/propidiumiodidestainingshowedthatapoptosisratesofA549cellsaftertransfectionof miR-200bmimicsorknock-downDNMT3Awere(23.33%±0.90%and20.41%±0.70%),comparedwiththecontrolgroup(5.28%± 0.55%and5.68%±0.47%,P<0.01).Conclusion miR-200bsuppressescellproliferationandinducesapoptosisbytargeting DNMT3Ainnon-smallcelllungcancer.
microRNAs;carcinoma,non-small-cell lung;cell proliferation;apoptosis;miR-200b;DNMT3A
R734.2
A
10.11958/20150421
湖北省教育廳科學(xué)研究計劃指導(dǎo)性項目(B2015477)
湖北醫(yī)藥學(xué)院附屬十堰市太和醫(yī)院心胸外科(郵編442000)
羅衛(wèi)民(1978),男,碩士研究生,副主任醫(yī)師,主要從事食管癌、肺癌臨床研究
△通訊作者 E-mail:dengmin2006@163.com