王妍君,楊佳佳
(1.青海大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院腎病內(nèi)科;2.青海大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院)
熱休克蛋白72在低氧環(huán)境下大鼠腎臟間質(zhì)纖維化中的表達(dá)及意義*
王妍君1,楊佳佳2
(1.青海大學(xué)附屬醫(yī)院腎病內(nèi)科;2.青海大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院)
目的 探討低氧環(huán)境下大鼠腎臟間質(zhì)纖維化中熱休克蛋白72(heat shock protein,HSP72)的表達(dá)及意義。方法 將雄性SD大鼠隨機(jī)分為四組:常氧組(4只)、低氧組、低氧+溶劑對(duì)照組、低氧+槲皮素干預(yù)組(各12只)。于低壓氧艙建立低氧動(dòng)物模型,分別于第3、7、14 d處死各組大鼠。取腎臟組織,應(yīng)用免疫印跡法(western blot)檢測(cè)HSP72表達(dá);采用免疫組化染色法比較各組HSP72蛋白在腎臟小管間質(zhì)表達(dá)水平,了解各組腎小管間質(zhì)病變程度與HSP72的關(guān)系。結(jié)果 與常氧組比較,低氧環(huán)境下各組HSP72在大鼠腎小管間質(zhì)中表達(dá)增加,并且隨著缺氧時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)而增加,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001)。給予槲皮素干預(yù)后,HSP72表達(dá)抑制,與低氧組及低氧+溶劑對(duì)照組比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。常氧組與各組比較,腎小管間質(zhì)病變程度最輕(腎小管形態(tài)基本正常、間質(zhì)無(wú)水腫)。在低氧環(huán)境下的各組比較中,槲皮素干預(yù)組的腎小管間質(zhì)病變程度為輕,低氧組與低氧+溶劑對(duì)照組病變均較重。結(jié)論 低氧環(huán)境可引起腎小管間質(zhì)中HSP72表達(dá)增加,并且隨著缺氧時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)而增加。低氧組、低氧+溶劑對(duì)照組中HSP72呈現(xiàn)高表達(dá),與人工(槲皮素)抑制HSP72比較,腎小管間質(zhì)病變程度反而更重。提示,雖然HSP72升高是保護(hù)性應(yīng)激反應(yīng),但并不能充分緩解缺氧引起的臟器損傷,其原因可能為HSP72保護(hù)作用時(shí)效較短或具有一定的滯后性。
低氧 腎臟 熱休克蛋白72
正常腎臟組織由于其結(jié)構(gòu)和功能特點(diǎn),對(duì)氧的需求量很大,耐受缺氧的能力較低,容易出現(xiàn)缺氧性腎損害。有實(shí)驗(yàn)證明,大鼠在海拔5600 m缺氧6 h左右就能夠?qū)е挛⒀軆?nèi)皮細(xì)胞、腎小管間質(zhì)的損傷,導(dǎo)致腎臟炎癥反應(yīng)和纖維化的發(fā)生[1]。而腎小管間質(zhì)低氧又是促進(jìn)腎臟疾病進(jìn)展和間質(zhì)纖維化的重要原因[2-4]。因此低氧條件下機(jī)體的各種敏感性指標(biāo)變化成為近些年來(lái)國(guó)內(nèi)外研究的熱點(diǎn)。熱休克蛋白(heat shockproteins,HSP)是一組結(jié)構(gòu)上高度保守的多肽,參與機(jī)體正常生長(zhǎng)、發(fā)育和分化。當(dāng)機(jī)體受到缺氧刺激時(shí),HSP迅速產(chǎn)生而啟動(dòng)內(nèi)源性保護(hù)機(jī)制,因此它是細(xì)胞應(yīng)激反應(yīng)最主要的效應(yīng)蛋白。其中HSP72是最保守且最易誘導(dǎo)表達(dá)的HSP家族成員之一,在包括腎臟的多個(gè)組織和器官中均有少量表達(dá),而在熱應(yīng)激、低氧、缺血再灌注等多種應(yīng)激刺激下表達(dá)明顯增加,能促進(jìn)受損細(xì)胞修復(fù),具有抗炎、抗細(xì)胞凋亡作用[5,6]。以往國(guó)內(nèi)外關(guān)于HSP72的研究主要集中在短時(shí)、急性損傷等應(yīng)激反應(yīng)中的表達(dá)變化,而對(duì)于低氧環(huán)境下HSP72表達(dá)變化與腎小管間質(zhì)病變關(guān)系的研究較少。因此本研究通過(guò)低氧大鼠模型觀察HSP72在腎小管間質(zhì)中表達(dá)的變化,來(lái)探討低氧狀況下HSP72在腎小管間質(zhì)病變的作用及意義。
1.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象和分組情況
3月齡健康雄性SD大鼠40只,體重(280~320)g,在青海大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院動(dòng)物房中適應(yīng)性喂養(yǎng)1 w。隨機(jī)分為四組:常氧組(4只)、低氧組、低氧+溶劑對(duì)照組、低氧+槲皮素干預(yù)組(各12只)。常氧組于常規(guī)動(dòng)物房飼養(yǎng)。余各組置低壓氧艙(模擬海拔5000m低氧環(huán)境,氧濃度11.3%),于第3、7、14 d處死各組大鼠,每次4只。取腎臟組織,應(yīng)用免疫印跡法(western blot)檢測(cè)HSP72表達(dá)。然后采用免疫組化染色法觀察比較四組HSP72蛋白在腎臟小管間質(zhì)表達(dá),同時(shí)通過(guò)蘇木素復(fù)染觀察比較四組腎小管受損、腎間質(zhì)纖維化程度。
1.2 主要試劑及儀器
小鼠抗HSP72單克隆抗體(abcom,美國(guó))、兔抗GAPDH(abcom,美國(guó))、辣根過(guò)氧化物酶(HRP)標(biāo)記的山羊抗小鼠IgG(博士德生物)、辣根過(guò)氧化物酶(HRP)標(biāo)記的山羊抗兔IgG(博士德生物)、PI細(xì)胞裂解液(Keygen)、槲皮素(Sigma,美國(guó))、蛋白標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分子量marker(Thermo,美國(guó))、BCA蛋白定量試劑盒(Pierce公司,美國(guó))、ECL發(fā)光試劑盒(Pierce公司,美國(guó))、PVDF膜(Millipore,美國(guó))、5×上樣緩沖液(康為世紀(jì),北京)、1×PBS(Solarbio,北京)、20×TBS(Solarbio,北京)、Tris-Hcl PH6.8/PH8.8(Solarbio,北京)、30%丙烯酰胺(Solarbio,北京)、Ttween 20(Biotopped,北京)、TEMED(Biotopped,北京)、10×SDS電泳緩沖液(Beyotime,江蘇)。
1.3 實(shí)驗(yàn)方法
1.3.1 標(biāo)本采集及處理
低氧+溶劑對(duì)照組:大鼠腹腔注入2 mL的0.1 M磷酸鹽緩沖溶液(PBS)后建立低氧模型。
低氧+槲皮素干預(yù)組:大鼠腹腔注入槲皮素(按50mg/kg劑量溶于2mL的0.1M PBS中)后建立低氧模型。
腎臟標(biāo)本:大鼠用10%水合氯醛(0.3mL/100mg)行腹腔注射麻醉后,沿腹正中線分層剪開(kāi)大鼠腹壁,取腎臟髓質(zhì),用4%多聚甲醛溶液固定。
1.3.2 HSP72表達(dá)檢測(cè)
制質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為12%的SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝膠,80 V電壓電泳1 h,然后增加電壓至130 V,電泳完成后,取出凝膠,用濕轉(zhuǎn)法將蛋白質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)到PVDF膜上(0.45nm),用TBST洗膜后,放入用TBST稀釋的質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)為5%的脫脂奶粉中,搖床室溫孵育2 h,封閉非特異性蛋白結(jié)合位點(diǎn)。一抗孵育:將PVDF膜置1抗中4 ℃過(guò)夜孵育(HSP72 1:1000,GAPDH 1:5000);用TBST充分洗膜5次,TBS洗膜1次,10 min/次;二抗孵育:分別加入HRP標(biāo)記的山羊抗小鼠、HRP標(biāo)記的山羊抗兔的二抗孵育(1:1000),常溫孵育1.5 h;用TBST充分洗膜9次,TBS洗膜1次,6 min/次;洗膜后用ECL發(fā)光,上機(jī)曝光。
1.3.3 免疫組化實(shí)驗(yàn)
選取HSP72表達(dá)量最高的時(shí)間點(diǎn)上的腎臟組織,按照免疫組化試劑盒說(shuō)明具體操作,觀察比較各組腎小管間質(zhì)中HSP72的表達(dá)。結(jié)果判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):胞質(zhì)染色呈棕黃色、深褐色顆粒為陽(yáng)性反應(yīng)。用Image-J圖像分析軟件分析HSP72蛋白的表達(dá)狀況。
1.3.4 腎小管、間質(zhì)病變程度比較
用蘇木素復(fù)染切片觀察腎小管間質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu),腎小管間質(zhì)損傷程度依據(jù)腎小管上皮細(xì)胞刷狀緣的脫落、間質(zhì)炎細(xì)胞的浸潤(rùn)、間質(zhì)纖維化程度判斷[7]。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS22.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行分析, 計(jì)量資料用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差表示,各組間比較采用方差分析,組間兩兩比較采用q檢驗(yàn)。檢驗(yàn)水準(zhǔn)α=0.05。
2.1 HSP72蛋白表達(dá)(圖1,表1)
Figure 1 HSP72 expression in each group after giving different kinds of intervention
Table 1 HSP72 expression after hypoxia and hypoxia+Quercetin intervention
※:與低氧組比較,P<0.05;*:與低氧+溶劑組比較,P<0.05;△:與低氧+槲皮素比較,P<0.05;a:與處理3 d組比較,P<0.05;b:與處理7 d組比較,P<0.05;c:與處理14 d組比較,P<0.05.
(1)與常氧組(0.36±0.096)比較,各時(shí)間點(diǎn)上低氧組、低氧+溶劑對(duì)照組、低氧+槲皮素干預(yù)組的HSP72表達(dá)值均明顯高于常氧組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。(2)低氧環(huán)境下各組隨缺氧時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng)HSP72表達(dá)值有逐漸增多趨勢(shì),低氧組及低氧+溶劑對(duì)照組中HSP72表達(dá)值均在14 d時(shí)達(dá)高峰(2.34±0.38,2.39±0.43);兩兩比較結(jié)果顯示,低氧+溶劑對(duì)照組與低氧組的HSP72表達(dá)值差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),而低氧+槲皮素干預(yù)組的HSP72表達(dá)值明顯受到抑制,與低氧+溶劑對(duì)照組和低氧組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。
2.2 免疫組化實(shí)驗(yàn)(表2,圖2)
Table 2 HSP72 expressions in pathological section on 14th day
*:與常氧組比較,P<0.05;△:與低氧組14 d比較,P<0.05;※:與低氧+溶劑對(duì)照組14 d比較,P<0.05.
根據(jù)WB結(jié)果選取HSP72表達(dá)量最高的時(shí)間點(diǎn)(14d)上的各組腎臟組織比較。(1)常氧組HSP72在腎臟組織中表達(dá)最少。(2)低氧組、低氧+溶劑對(duì)照組HSP72在腎臟組織中表達(dá)最多,但兩組間無(wú)顯著性差異。(3)低氧+槲皮素干預(yù)組中的HSP72在腎臟組織中表達(dá)與其他3組比較,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。
Figure 2 Pathological section of each group on 14 days
(1)與低氧環(huán)境下其余各組比較,常氧組腎小管間質(zhì)病變程度最輕:腎小管上皮細(xì)胞刷狀緣無(wú)明顯脫落,無(wú)炎性細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)。(2)低氧組與低氧+溶劑對(duì)照組之間病變程度無(wú)明顯差別,但與低氧+槲皮素干預(yù)組比較,上述兩組腎小管間質(zhì)病變程度較重:腎小管上皮細(xì)胞脫落明顯,細(xì)胞核濃染,排列紊亂。
HSP72是一種高度保守的內(nèi)源性細(xì)胞保護(hù)性蛋白[8,9],在應(yīng)激時(shí)發(fā)揮細(xì)胞保護(hù)作用。機(jī)制可能包括:(1)提高細(xì)胞對(duì)應(yīng)激原的耐受性[10];(2)幫助蛋白正確折疊等[11];(3)減輕過(guò)氧化及炎癥反應(yīng)[12-14];(4)抗細(xì)胞凋亡作用[15,16]。已有研究表明腎臟缺血后HSP72表達(dá)會(huì)明顯增高[17]。
本研究的大鼠低氧模型實(shí)驗(yàn)顯示,HSP72在常氧組幾乎很少表達(dá),但在低氧環(huán)境下,腎臟間質(zhì)中HSP72表達(dá)量增加,并且隨著缺氧時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)而增加,與常氧組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。說(shuō)明低氧也是誘導(dǎo)腎臟間質(zhì)中HSP72表達(dá)增加的重要原因,其表達(dá)量與缺氧時(shí)間呈正相關(guān)。
HSP72在缺氧和/或缺血再灌注中的保護(hù)作用已有大量的研究肯定。多項(xiàng)研究表明,預(yù)先誘導(dǎo)HSP72高表達(dá),在心、腦、肝、腎等器官的缺血/再灌注損傷中發(fā)揮出細(xì)胞保護(hù)作用[18-22]。但是HSP72表達(dá)與腎小管間質(zhì)損傷的相關(guān)研究國(guó)內(nèi)外報(bào)道較少。參考相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),因槲皮素具有抑制HSP72轉(zhuǎn)錄與翻譯的特點(diǎn)[23-25],因此本研究通過(guò)槲皮素干預(yù)HSP72表達(dá)模型發(fā)現(xiàn),較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間(2w)的低氧環(huán)境下通過(guò)給予槲皮素干預(yù)HSP72表達(dá)后,腎小管上皮細(xì)胞刷狀緣脫落較輕、腎間質(zhì)無(wú)明顯水腫,顯示腎間質(zhì)纖維化程度未進(jìn)一步加重(腎小管上皮細(xì)胞脫落導(dǎo)致腎小管萎縮是腎間質(zhì)纖維化進(jìn)展的一個(gè)標(biāo)志[26])。相反,低氧組和低氧+溶劑對(duì)照組中HSP72呈現(xiàn)高表達(dá),腎小管間質(zhì)病變程度卻更重。這一結(jié)果提示,HSP72可能并不能充分緩解缺氧引起的病變,其保護(hù)作用可能時(shí)效較短、存在功能老化現(xiàn)象。與Todryk SM及石麗研究結(jié)果一致[27,28]。此外這一結(jié)果與一些研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)HSP72過(guò)度表達(dá)有促進(jìn)細(xì)胞凋亡作用[29,30],以及某研究中發(fā)現(xiàn)[31]HSP72可以促進(jìn)動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的發(fā)生,是否均提示HSP72在組織細(xì)胞中的高表達(dá)有可能為雙向作用,有待進(jìn)一步研究闡明。
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HSP72 protein Expression and the significance in rats′ renal interstitial fibrosis under hypoxic environment*
Wang Yanjun1,Yang Jiajia2
(1.Renal Department of Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital;2.Qinghai University Medical College)
Objective To explore the heat shock protein 72(HSP72)expression and the significance in rats′ renal interstitial fibrosis under hypoxia environment.Methods 40 male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:4,12,12 and 12 rats,respectively,were included in the normoxia group,hypoxia group,hypoxia+solvent control group,hypoxia+Quercetin intervened group.In the hypobaric chamber,Rats were killed at third,7th,14th day,respectively.Renal tissues were removed and HSP72 expression were detected by Western blot.By using Immunohistochemical staining method,the expressions of HSP72 protein in the renal tubular interstitial in the four groups were compared,the relationship between the tubulointerstitial lesions and the level of HSP72 were understood.Results Compared with the normoxia group,each group under hypoxia increased expression of HSP72 in rats′ renal tubular interstitial,with a consistent increasing over the prolonged time of hypoxia.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.001).After Quercetin intervened,The expression of HSP72 was inhibited and comparing with the hypoxia group and the hypoxia+solvent control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Renal tubulointerstitial lesion of the normoxia group was the mildest when compared with other groups(tubular morphology was normal and there was no edema).Under the hypoxia environment,the lesion of the hypoxia+quercetin intervened group was the milder.The lesion of the hypoxia group and the hypoxia+solvent control group were more severe.Conclusions Hypoxia can increase the expression of HSP72 in tubulointerstitial,which have a consistent increasing as the hypoxia time is prolonged.Hypoxia group,hypoxia+solvent control group show high expression of HSP72,and the tubulointerstitial lesion are more severe compared with the hypoxia+quercetin intervened group.It is suggested that although the elevation of HSP72 expression is a protective stress response,but it cannot adequately alleviate the organ damage caused by hypoxia,possibly the protective effect is short-lived or have a certain lag.
Hypoxia Kidney Heat shock protein 72
*:青海大學(xué)中青年科研基金項(xiàng)目(2013-QYY-9) 王妍君(1980~),女,漢族,江蘇籍,主治醫(yī)師
R364.4
A
10.13452/j.cnki.jqmc.2016.02.003
2016-02-03