變一變，書面表達的句式更完美

□黎勁松

變一變，書面表達的句式更完美

□黎勁松

書面表達是各級各類考試中必考題型之一。它主要考查同學(xué)們遣詞造句、連句成篇的能力。其中，造句的“顏值”直接影響著書面表達的得分。英語的句式講究變化，在一篇文章中，簡單句、復(fù)雜句和其他特殊句式要交錯運用。單一、簡單、重復(fù)是寫作中的忌諱。因此，寫作中要牢記一個字，那就是“變”。

變化一：There be句型變革

There be句型是初中英語的常用句型之一。在介紹某地有某物的時候，大家經(jīng)常用到它。但是如果連續(xù)采用there be句型，文章的句式就顯得單調(diào)。

1.改be動詞為stand，live，lie等相應(yīng)的實義動詞

【例1】There is a tree in front of the house.

→There stands a tree in front of the house.

【例2】There was a river ten years ago.

→There lay a river ten years ago.

2.用其他句式取代there be句型

【例3】There are some students on the p layground.

→Some students are on the playground.

變化二：借助連詞，結(jié)構(gòu)更嚴謹

連詞有連接詞、短語和句子的功能。恰當運用連詞，能使文章更有連貫性、邏輯性。

【例4】Tom is a ten-year-old boy.He loves English very much.

→Tom is a ten-year-old boy，and he loves English very much.

注意：原來是兩個簡單句。變化后，兩個簡單句之間的句號變成了逗號，并加有連詞and。

【例5】I should do the work.You shouldn't do the work.

→I rather than you，should do the work.兩個簡單句，通過連詞詞組rather than合二為一。

【例6】If you work hard，you will get good grades.

→Work hard，and you will get good grades.

原句是個狀語從句，從句和主句都有主語you，改變后省掉了從句中的連詞if和主語you，在主句中增加了連詞and。

變化三：主動變被動，客觀又地道

漢語常用主動句式，而英語更重視被動句式。在書面表達中，多用被動句式，既客觀，又體現(xiàn)了英語的風味。

【例如7】We should take measures to protect the environment.

→Measures should be taken to protect the environment.

【例如8】We should pay attention to the traffic problems.

→Attention should be paid to the traffic problems.

變化四：簡單句變復(fù)雜句，大氣且明了

漢語句式的特點像一根竹子，一節(jié)一節(jié)的；英語句式像一串葡萄，主干加分支。這一特點決定了英語句子在外形上有著大氣且邏輯性強的特點。

【例9】Tom bought a pen yesterday，but the pen doesn't work well.這是兩個簡單句。前句中的pen和后句中的pen重復(fù)使用，可以把前句變成定語從句。

→The pen that Tom bought yesterday doesn't work well.

【例10】He was very careless，so he made some m istakes in the exam.

→He was so careless that he made some m istakes in the exam.

變化五：主語善變，顏值大增

除了名詞、代詞經(jīng)常做句子的主語外，更要注重動名詞和it做形式主語的運用。

【例11】He arrived late yesterday.The teacher was annoyed.

這兩個簡單句，一因一果。原因可以簡化為一個動名詞，兩句合成一個句子。

→His arriving late yesterday annoyed the teacher.

也可以把原因變?yōu)橹髡Z從句，用it做形式主語，把真正的主語放在后面。

→It annoyed the teacher that he arrived late yesterday.

變化六：倒裝句的使用，錦上添花

在初中英語九年級教材中有兩處使用到了倒裝句。

【例12】Only then will I have a chance to achieve my dream.（Unit 7）

本句中，因為把only then放在了句首，所以主句的助動詞will移到了主語前。

【例13】Not only can the art bring happiness to others，but it also shows that even cold，hard iron can be brought back to life with a little creativity.（Unit 13）

本句中not only放在了句首，情態(tài)動詞can移到了主語前面。

變化七：妙用分詞，濃縮又精煉

【例14】The teacher came in.Two students followed him.

→The teacher came in，followed by two students.followed是過去分詞，表被動。在本句中整個分詞短語作狀語。

【例15】The girl went out of the room.The light was on.

→The girl went out of the room，leaving the light on.本句在改動時，增加了一個動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞leaving，表示伴隨狀態(tài)。

【例16】When he talks about soccer，he is always excited.

→When talking about soccer，he is always excited.原句中從句和主句都有主語he，改動后，省掉了從句中的he，并把從句中謂語動詞改成了現(xiàn)在分詞。

注意：分詞作狀語有兩種形式，現(xiàn)在分詞表主動，過去分詞表被動。

變化八：改頭換面，平淡顯神奇

【例17】Mary is very p leased and telephones her mother.

→Pleased，Mary telephone her mother.（以形容詞開頭）

【例18】The child stayed there quietly.

→Quietly，the child stayed there.（以副詞開頭）

【例19】He got up very early to catch the bus.

→To catch the bus，he got up very early.（以不定式開頭）

【例20】He enjoys p laying games like other children.

→Like other children，he enjoys playing games.（以介詞短語開頭）