2009年~2012年6月,我院行超聲引導(dǎo)下體外沖擊波碎石,治療腎結(jié)石、輸尿管結(jié)石1500例,95%病例療效滿意,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1一般資料 本組雙腎結(jié)石195例,輸尿管上段結(jié)石451例,中段結(jié)石47例,下段結(jié)石807例。年齡越18~65歲,男性1009例,女性491例,結(jié)石最大直徑為0.6~1.3cm,平均0.9cm,合并腎積水1305例,無嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥和禁忌癥。
1.2儀器與方法 使用阿洛卡620型B型超聲診斷儀,3.5Hz電子凸陣腹部探頭引導(dǎo),銀星Ts-153B型體外沖擊波碎石機(jī)。詳細(xì)詢問病史,如:有無嚴(yán)重心臟病、腎功能不全等,然后囑患者做尿常規(guī)、血常規(guī)及出凝血時(shí)間檢測(cè),無異常后,取不同體位(腎結(jié)石及輸尿管上段結(jié)石取仰臥位,輸尿管中、下段結(jié)石取俯臥位)進(jìn)行碎石治療,女性未絕經(jīng)患者須在月經(jīng)完全干凈后方可實(shí)施碎石治療[1-5]。
2 結(jié)果
碎石后:腎結(jié)石排出成功140例,有效35例,失敗30例。輸尿管上段結(jié)石405例,有效34例,失敗12例。輸尿管下段結(jié)石成功790例,有效11例,失敗6例。
3 討論
超聲引導(dǎo)下體外沖擊波碎石是近年來治療泌尿系結(jié)石的新方法。碎石后,結(jié)石的排出成功率與結(jié)石的成分、生長(zhǎng)部位及大小有直接的關(guān)系,例如:腎下盞結(jié)石患者因結(jié)石生長(zhǎng)的解剖位置關(guān)系,即使碎石后,也需配合倒立等方式協(xié)助排出,患者一般不能堅(jiān)持,而致成功率較低。部分患者因體質(zhì)肥胖或定位后呼吸移動(dòng)度大而致定位不準(zhǔn),使碎石治療效果失敗,如輸尿管中段結(jié)石[6-12]。
另部分患者在做完輸尿管中段結(jié)石碎石后,可能會(huì)偶爾出現(xiàn)肉眼血尿,這可能是因?yàn)榻Y(jié)石梗阻,輸尿管壁小毛細(xì)血管的破裂造成,一般不需治療;如血尿次數(shù)較多,可適當(dāng)用一些止血藥。
碎石治療后,輸尿管上段結(jié)石患者或結(jié)石過大時(shí),除用藥排石外,囑患者適當(dāng)飲水,多運(yùn)動(dòng),因上段結(jié)石及較大結(jié)石不易很快排出,易造成腎積水過多。
總之,超聲引導(dǎo)碎石對(duì)腎、輸尿管上、下段結(jié)石具有定位準(zhǔn)確,操作簡(jiǎn)單、無創(chuàng)傷、無輻射,結(jié)石清除率高,無腎功能影響,恢復(fù)快等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。
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