高楠 李銳 丁一心 沈佳慶 肖坤廷 陳衛(wèi)昌
·論著·
BISAP與APACHEⅡ評(píng)分系統(tǒng)評(píng)估急性胰腺炎嚴(yán)重程度及臟器功能不全的臨床價(jià)值
高楠 李銳 丁一心 沈佳慶 肖坤廷 陳衛(wèi)昌
目的探討B(tài)ISAP、APACHEⅡ評(píng)分系統(tǒng)評(píng)估急性胰腺炎(AP)嚴(yán)重程度及臟器功能不全的臨床價(jià)值。方法 回顧性分析2012年1月至2014年12月間蘇州大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科收治的185例AP患者的臨床資料。根據(jù)BISAP評(píng)分,將≥3分患者歸為高分組,<3分為低分組;根據(jù)APACHEⅡ評(píng)分,將≥8分患者歸為高分組,<8分為低分組。按中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)消化病學(xué)分會(huì)胰腺病學(xué)組制定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將患者分為輕癥AP(MAP)、中度重癥AP(MSAP)、重癥AP(SAP )。比較MSAP+SAP組與MAP組兩評(píng)分系統(tǒng)的差異;高分組與低分組之間MSAP+SAP發(fā)生率的差異。應(yīng)用ROC曲線下面積(AUC)評(píng)價(jià)BISAP及APACHEⅡ評(píng)分對(duì)AP嚴(yán)重程度和并發(fā)臟器功能不全的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值。結(jié)果 185例患者中MAP 101例,MSAP 76例,SAP 8例。MSAP中出現(xiàn)臟器功能不全25例,8例SAP患者均并發(fā)臟器功能不全。MSAP+SAP組與MAP組的BISAP評(píng)分分別為(1.43±0.89)、(0.38±0.61)分;APACHEⅡ評(píng)分為(2.45±1.36)、(0.87±0.62)分,MSAP+SAP組顯著高于MAP組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P值均<0.01)。BISAP低分組137例中MSAP+SAP患者47例(34.3%),高分組48例中MSAP+SAP患者37例(77.0%);APACHEⅡ低分組153例中MSAP+SAP患者56例(36.6%),高分組32例中MSAP+SAP患者28例(87.5%)。高分組的MSAP+SAP患者例數(shù)均顯著高于低分組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P值均<0.01)。BISAP、APACHEⅡ評(píng)分預(yù)測(cè)AP病情嚴(yán)重程度的AUC分別為0.804 (95%CI0.738~0.870)、0.794(95%CI0.725~0.863);預(yù)測(cè)臟器功能不全的AUC分別為0.758(95%CI0.686~0.830)、0.781(95%CI0.710~0.852)。兩種評(píng)分系統(tǒng)間的差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。結(jié)論 BISAP評(píng)分對(duì)AP嚴(yán)重程度及預(yù)后的評(píng)估價(jià)值與APACHEⅡ評(píng)分系統(tǒng)相同,但其指標(biāo)少,24 h內(nèi)可采集,值得在臨床推廣應(yīng)用。
胰腺炎; 疾病嚴(yán)重程度指數(shù); BISAP評(píng)分; APACHⅡ評(píng)分; 預(yù)后
急性胰腺炎(AP)是常見的消化系統(tǒng)疾病,大部分為輕癥,病程呈自限性,但仍有相當(dāng)比例患者為重癥,出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的全身炎性反應(yīng)綜合征(SIRS)及不同程度的臟器功能不全,住院時(shí)間長,臨床總體病死率5%~10%[1]。因此病情評(píng)估、預(yù)測(cè)臟器功能不全對(duì)AP早期診治、改善預(yù)后具有十分重要的意義。BISAP評(píng)分系統(tǒng)是2008年出現(xiàn)的一種較新的AP評(píng)分系統(tǒng)[2-3],主要特點(diǎn)是簡單易行,已在國外多項(xiàng)大樣本的回顧性研究中得到證實(shí)。本研究回顧性分析185例AP住院病例的臨床資料, 探討B(tài)ISAP評(píng)分及APACHEⅡ評(píng)分對(duì)AP嚴(yán)重程度的評(píng)估價(jià)值及其與臟器功能不全的相關(guān)性。
一、病例資料
收集2012年1月至2014年12月間蘇州大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科185例AP住院患者資料,AP診斷及分型均符合中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)消化病學(xué)分會(huì)胰腺病學(xué)組制定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[4]。輕癥急性胰腺炎(MAP)為符合AP診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)且滿足以下情況之一:無臟器衰竭、無局部或全身并發(fā)癥,Ranson評(píng)分<3分,APACHEⅡ評(píng)分<8分,BISAP評(píng)分<3分,MCTSI評(píng)分<4分;中度重癥急性胰腺炎(MSAP)為符合AP診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)且急性期滿足下列情況之一:Ranson評(píng)分≥3分,APACHEⅡ評(píng)分≥8分,BISAP評(píng)分≥3分,MCTSI評(píng)分≥4分,可有一過性(<48 h)的器官功能障礙,恢復(fù)期出現(xiàn)需要干預(yù)的假性囊腫、胰瘺或胰周膿腫等;重癥急性胰腺炎(SAP)為符合AP診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)且伴有持續(xù)性(>48 h)器官功能障礙(單器官或多器官)。器官功能不全評(píng)估采用Marshall評(píng)分[5],當(dāng)某器官評(píng)分≥2分時(shí)定義為該器官存在功能不全。本組患者均無手術(shù)及病死。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)資料不完整的患者;(2)非病情原因自動(dòng)出院患者。
二、研究方法
記錄患者的性別、年齡、腹部癥狀持續(xù)時(shí)間、生命體征以及實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查結(jié)果,以CT表現(xiàn)評(píng)估胰腺局部并發(fā)癥和有無胸膜滲出,24 h內(nèi)應(yīng)用BISAP評(píng)分系統(tǒng)和APACHEⅡ評(píng)分系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行評(píng)分。APACHEⅡ評(píng)分由急性生理學(xué)評(píng)分、年齡評(píng)分、慢性健康狀況評(píng)分組成,最后得分為三者之和。理論最高分為71分,分值越高提示病情越重。本研究將≥8分患者歸為高分組,<8分為低分組。BISAP評(píng)分系統(tǒng)[2]包括尿素氮、意識(shí)障礙、SIRS、年齡和胸膜滲出5項(xiàng)內(nèi)容。BISAP≥3分的AP患者有發(fā)展成SAP及發(fā)生并發(fā)癥的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性[6]。本研究將≥3分患者歸為高分組,<3分為低分組。
三、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
一、一般情況
185例AP患者中男性92例(49.7%),女性93例(50.3%)。病因:膽源性157例(84.9%),酒精性13例(7%),高脂血癥性7例(3.78%),暴飲暴食5例(2.7%),特發(fā)性3例(1.62%)。MAP 101例,MSAP 76例,SAP 8例。MSAP中出現(xiàn)胰腺外臟器功能不全25例,其中肝功能不全19例次,呼吸功能不全22例次,腎功能不全5例次;SAP患者均同時(shí)并發(fā)肝、腎及呼吸功能不全。
二、BISAP及APACHEⅡ評(píng)分與AP嚴(yán)重程度的關(guān)系
MSAP+SAP組與MAP組的BISAP評(píng)分分別為(1.43±0.89)、(0.38±0.61)分,MSAP+SAP組顯著高于MAP組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(H=6.31,P<0.01);APACHEⅡ評(píng)分分別為(2.45±1.36)、(0.87±0.62)分,差異也有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(H=7.48,P<0.01)。
三、高分組和低分組的MSAP+SAP發(fā)生率
BISAP低分組137例中MSAP+SAP患者47例(34.3%);高分組48例中MSAP+SAP患者37例(77.0%)。高分組MSAP+SAP發(fā)生率顯著高于低分組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=15.14,P<0.01)。
APACHEⅡ低分組153例中MSAP+SAP患者56例(36.6%);高分組32例中MSAP+SAP患者28例(87.5%)。高分組MSAP+SAP發(fā)生率顯著高于低分組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=28.73,P<0.01)。
四、BISAP及APACHEⅡ評(píng)分預(yù)測(cè)AP嚴(yán)重程度及臟器功能不全的比較
BISAP、APACHEⅡ評(píng)分預(yù)測(cè)AP病情嚴(yán)重程度的AUC分別為0.804(95%CI0.738~0.870)、0.794(95%CI0.725~0.863);預(yù)測(cè)臟器功能不全的AUC分別為0.758(95%CI0.686~0.830)、0.781(95%CI0.710~0.852)(圖1)。兩種評(píng)分系統(tǒng)間的差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
圖1 兩種評(píng)分系統(tǒng)預(yù)測(cè)AP嚴(yán)重程度(1A)及臟器功能不全(1B)的ROC曲線
理想的評(píng)分系統(tǒng)應(yīng)該具有簡便、在疾病的早期能對(duì)病情嚴(yán)重程度進(jìn)行評(píng)估以及能夠?qū)Σ∏榈恼麄€(gè)過程進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè),并且可反復(fù)進(jìn)行等特點(diǎn)。
APACHEⅡ的監(jiān)測(cè)指標(biāo)有12項(xiàng),能早期對(duì)AP的嚴(yán)重程度和預(yù)后做出預(yù)測(cè),在臨床治療中有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。該評(píng)分系統(tǒng)可在患者入院時(shí)及入院后任何時(shí)間進(jìn)行病情嚴(yán)重程度的反復(fù)評(píng)估。但指標(biāo)比較繁瑣,需要搜集大量的數(shù)據(jù),計(jì)算復(fù)雜。
BISAP評(píng)分系統(tǒng)是于2008年出現(xiàn)的一種新的評(píng)分系統(tǒng),經(jīng)大規(guī)模的研究證實(shí),其對(duì)AP住院患者的病死率有很好的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值。它僅由5項(xiàng)指標(biāo)組成,源于體格檢查、生命體征、實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢查及影像學(xué)檢查,包含了Glasgow昏迷指標(biāo)及全身炎癥反應(yīng)綜合征評(píng)分,所需收集的資料在臨床實(shí)踐中簡單易得,與傳統(tǒng)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)相比更注重機(jī)體對(duì)損傷的免疫應(yīng)答及年齡因素[6],且入院24 h即可評(píng)分,可更早地評(píng)估病情。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,BISAP評(píng)分系統(tǒng)及APACHEⅡ評(píng)分系統(tǒng)對(duì)AP嚴(yán)重程度及臟器功能不全的預(yù)測(cè)能力相似,與Shabbir等[8]的研究結(jié)果一致。因BISAP評(píng)分的參數(shù)易于獲得,計(jì)算簡單,可以早期預(yù)測(cè)SAP,更應(yīng)在臨床推廣應(yīng)用。
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(本文編輯:呂芳萍)
·讀者·作者·編者·
本刊可直接用縮寫的常用詞匯
作者對(duì)下列一些常用詞匯可直接用縮寫,即在論文中第一次出現(xiàn)時(shí),可以不標(biāo)注中文
ADP 腺苷二磷酸
AEP 急性水腫性胰腺炎
AFP 甲胎蛋白
Alb 白蛋白
ALP 堿性磷酸酶
ALT 丙氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶
AMP 腺苷一磷酸
ANP 急性壞死性胰腺炎
AP 急性胰腺炎
ARDS 急性呼吸窘迫綜合征
AST 天冬氨酸氨基轉(zhuǎn)移酶
ATP 腺苷三磷酸
BP 血壓
BUN 血尿素氮
BSA 牛血清蛋白
CCK 縮膽囊素
CCK-8 細(xì)胞增殖-毒性檢驗(yàn)
CEA 癌胚抗原
CP 慢性胰腺炎
CT X線計(jì)算機(jī)斷層攝影術(shù)
CRP C-反應(yīng)蛋白
DAB 二氨基聯(lián)苯胺
DAPI 4,6-二脒基-2-苯基吲哚二鹽酸
DBil 直接膽紅素
DC 樹突狀細(xì)胞
DMSO 二甲基亞砜
EGF 表皮生長因子
ELISA 酶聯(lián)免疫吸附測(cè)定
ENBD 內(nèi)鏡鼻膽管引流
ERCP 內(nèi)鏡下逆行胰膽管造影
EST 內(nèi)鏡下乳頭括約肌切開術(shù)
EUS 內(nèi)鏡超聲
EUS-FNA EUS引導(dǎo)下細(xì)針穿刺活檢
EUS-FNI EUS引導(dǎo)下細(xì)針注射
FITC 異硫氰酸熒光素
γ-GT γ-谷氨酰轉(zhuǎn)移酶
Hb 血紅蛋白
HE 蘇木素-伊紅
HRP 辣根過氧化物酶
IBil 間接膽紅素
IFN 干擾素
IL 白細(xì)胞介素
iRNA RNA干擾
LDH 乳酸脫氫酶
MAP 輕癥急性胰腺炎
MRCP 磁共振膽胰管造影
MRI 磁共振成像
MODS 多器官功能不全綜合征
MOF 多器官功能衰竭
MPO 髓過氧化物酶
MSCs 骨髓間充質(zhì)干細(xì)胞
MTT 四甲基偶氮唑藍(lán)
NF-κB 核因子-κB
NK 自然殺傷細(xì)胞
NO 一氧化氮
PaCO2動(dòng)脈血二氧化碳分壓
PaO2動(dòng)脈血氧分壓
PBS 磷酸鹽緩沖液
PD 胰十二指腸切除術(shù)
PDAC 胰腺導(dǎo)管腺癌
PET 正電子發(fā)射計(jì)算機(jī)斷層掃描
PLT 血小板
PPPD 保留幽門的胰十二指腸切除術(shù)
PSC 胰腺星狀細(xì)胞
RBC 紅細(xì)胞
RT-PCR 逆轉(zhuǎn)錄-聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)
SAP 重癥急性胰腺炎
shRNA 小發(fā)夾RNA
siRNA 小干擾RNA
SIRS 全身炎癥反應(yīng)綜合征
TBil 總膽紅素
TC 總膽固醇
TG 三酰甘油
TGF 轉(zhuǎn)化生長因子
TNF 腫瘤壞死因子
TP 總蛋白
WBC 白細(xì)胞
VEGF 血管內(nèi)皮生長因子
BISAP and APACHEⅡ scores in predicting the severity and organ failure of patients with acute pancreatitis
GaoNan,LiRui,DingYixin,ShenJiaqing,XiaoKuntin,ChenWeichang.DepartmentofGastroenterology,FirstAffiliatedHospitalofSoochowUniversity,Suzhou215006,China
Correspondingauthor:LiRui,Email: 13771725877@163.com
Objective To evaluate the clinical value of bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis (BISAP) and APACHEⅡ score in predicting the severity and organ failure of acute pancreatitis (AP). Methods One hundred eighty-five patients of AP admitted to Department of Gastroenterology of First affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2012 to December 2014 were studied retrospectively. According to BISAP score, patients who were ≥3 points were considered as high risk group, while <3 points were considered as low risk group. According to APACHEⅡ score, patients who were ≥8 points were considered as high risk group, while <8 points were considered as low risk group. According to the criteria of Pancreatic Diseases Group of Chinese Society of Gastroenterology of Chinese Medical Association, the patients were diagnosed as mild acute pancreatitis (MAP), moderately severe acute pancreatitis (MSAP), and severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). The BISAP, APACHEⅡ scores were calculated and compared between MAP group and MSAP+SAP group, respectively. The incidence of MSAP+SAP between high risk group and low risk group was also compared. The area of ROC curve (AUC)was used to evaluate the ability of BISAP and APACHEⅡ scoring system for predicting the severity of AP and the multiple organ dysfunction syndromes (MODS). Results Among 185 patients, MAP was identified in 101 patients, MSAP in 76 patients and SAP in 8 patients. Twenty-five MSAP patients developed organ dysfunction, and all the 8 SAP patients developed organ dysfunction. The BISAP scores of MSAP+SAP group and MAP group were (1.43±0.89), (0.38±0.61), and APACHⅡ scores were (2.45±1.36), (0.87±0.62), the scores of MSAP+SAP group were significantly higher than those in MAP group (P<0.01). In the 137 patients of low risk BISAP group, there were 47 MSAP+SAP patients (34.3%), while in the 48 patients of high risk BISAP group, there were 37 MSAP+SAP patients (77.0%); in the 153 patients of low risk APACHEⅡ group, there were 56 MSAP+SAP patients (36.6%), while in the 32 patients of high risk APACHEⅡ group,there were 28 MSAP+SAP patients (87.5%); the incidence of MSAP+SAP patients was significantly higher in high risk group than that in low risk group (P<0.01). The AUC of BISAP, APACHEⅡ for MSAP+MAP was 0.804 (95%CI0.738~0.870), 0.794(95%CI0.725~0.863), and the AUC for organ dysfunction was 0.758 (95%CI0.686~0.830), 0.781 (95%CI0.710~0.852), and the difference between BISAP and APACHEⅡ was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusions The BISAP has the prediction ability for AP severity and prognosis similar to APACHEⅡ, and it consists of only 5 parameters and can be completed in the first 24 h of admission, therefore it is worth of clinical application.
Pancreatitis; Severity of illness index; BISAP score; APACHⅡ score; Prognosis
10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-1935.2015.06.009
215006 江蘇蘇州,蘇州大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科
李銳,Email: 13771725877@163.com
2015-04-20)