尹永杰 張京曉 宋德彪
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1671-0282.2014.08.005基金項目:吉林省自然科學基金項目(201015170)
作者單位:130041長春,吉林大學白求恩第二醫(yī)院急救醫(yī)學科
通信作者:尹永杰,Email:yinyongjie2003@sina.cn
【摘要】目的 探討水通道蛋白2的表達及鈉-鉀-三磷酸腺苷酶在多器官功能障礙腎損傷發(fā)病機制中的作用,研究大鼠多器官功能障礙腎損傷與水通道蛋白2及鈉-鉀-三磷酸腺苷酶的表達。方法 選取健康大鼠72只,隨機(隨機數字法)分為對照組24只,脂多糖組48只,采用大鼠腹腔注射脂多糖 5 mg/kg造成內毒素致多器官功能障礙動物模型,對照組僅作假手術處理。造模成功后6 h、12 h、24 h、2 d、3 d、5 d分別處死動物,留取血液、尿量進行生化檢測,并應用免疫組化法和RT-PCR技術檢測腎組織內水通道蛋白2 mRNA及蛋白的表達水平。應用試劑盒測定鈉-鉀-三磷酸腺苷酶的含量及活性。結果 造模成功后致傷組大鼠尿量迅速減少,48 h后尿量增多。尿素氮、肌酐逐漸增高,48 h達高峰,此后逐漸下降。水通道蛋白2 mRNA及蛋白表達迅速減少,48 h降至最低,此后逐漸增多。鈉-鉀-三磷酸腺苷酶含量差異無統(tǒng)計學意義,但其活性在造模成功后明顯降低,此后逐漸增高,但仍低于對照組。結論 大鼠多器官功能障礙綜合征腎損傷模型中,水通道蛋白2是腎臟重吸收功能恢復的結構基礎,鈉-鉀-三磷酸腺苷酶則直接參與或間接反映腎臟的能量代謝狀態(tài),只有在水通道蛋白2及能量代謝恢復后,大鼠的腎臟功能才能逐漸好轉。
【關鍵詞】多器官功能障礙綜合征;腎損傷;水通道蛋白;鈉-鉀-三磷酸腺苷酶;內毒素;炎癥;脂多糖;能量代謝
The expression of water channel protein 2 and Na+-K+-ATPase in acute kidney injury Yin Yongjie,Zhang Jingxiao,Song Debiao. Emergency Department,The Second Hospital of Jilin University ,Changchun 130041,China
Corresponding author: Yin Yongjie, Email: yinyongjie2003@sina.cn
【Abstract】Objective To investigate the role of AQP2 and Na+-K+-ATPasein the pathogenesis of kidney injury with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and try to find the express characteristics of them . Methods A total of 72 healthy rats were randomly(random number) divided intotwo groups:control group(n=24)and Lipopolysaccharidegroup(n=48) .TheLipopolysaccharidegroupratswere injected with 5 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide at the beginning while the control group was 0.9% sodium chloride. After the modelwas succeeded , the rats were putto death at6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 2 days,3 days and 5 daysequally. The urineand blood were collected. Blood wereused biochemical tests to check.kidney AQP2 protein and mRNA expression level in the organization wereapplied the immune organized and RT - PCR technique to detect. Applied kit for determining the content and activity of sodium/potassium - atpase. Results The volume of urine in LPS group decrease quicklyat 12 h and 24 h, butincreased after 2 days . Urea nitrogen and creatinine increased gradually, and peaked at 48 h, after then gradually decline. AQP2 mRNA and protein expression decreased, and minimize at 48 h. The content of Na+-K+- ATP ase has no obvious difference, but the activity significantly decreased at the beginning, then increased gradually, but it was still lower than the control group. Conclusions In renal injury rats model with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, AQP2 is the structure ofrenal reabsorption function ,while Na+-K+-ATPasedirectly involved in or indirectly reflected the state of kidney energy metabolism. Recovery of AQP2 protein and energy metabolism, before the rat kidney function improved.
LPS組大鼠腎臟病理切片可見明顯的腎小管上皮細胞腫脹,腎小管管腔變小。腎小球細胞腫脹,炎癥細胞浸潤。
2.4 腎臟組織AQP2 mRNA及蛋白表達
LPS組大鼠腎小管上皮細胞AQP2 mRNA表達在6 h時增高,但隨后迅速降低,在48 h降至最低,隨后逐漸增高。LPS組大鼠腎臟組織在實驗12 h出現(xiàn)腎小管上皮細胞AQP2蛋白表達減少,在48 h腎臟AQP2蛋白表達減少最為明顯,此后逐漸增加。見表3和表4。
3 討論
目前認為,多器官功能障礙綜合征主要是因機體炎癥反應失控所導致的多器官功能序貫性損傷,多種炎癥介質的參與是其發(fā)病的關鍵,其中腎臟是最易受損傷的器官之一。早期人們認為膿毒癥導致的腎損傷是由腎臟缺血及再灌注損傷時造成,隨著研究的進展發(fā)現(xiàn),膿毒癥患者腎臟皮質血流未見明顯下降時已經出現(xiàn)腎損傷[8],因此炎癥介質對腎損傷的作用受到了廣泛關注[9-10]。
近年來研究發(fā)現(xiàn),水通道蛋白是在全身廣泛分布的一組蛋白,其表達的異常與多種疾病的發(fā)生及發(fā)展密切相關。目前已經發(fā)現(xiàn)在腎臟表達的水通道蛋白為AQP1、AQP2、AQP3、AQP4、AQP6、AQP7、AQP11。其中,AQP1主要在腎臟的近曲小管頂端和基底膜表達,在ADH調節(jié)有關的集合管幾乎沒有分布,主要與腎臟水分子的基礎重吸收功能有關[11]。AQP2在腎臟含量最多,在腎臟集合管的大多數細胞表面都有表達,是受ADH調節(jié)的水通道蛋白?;A狀態(tài)下,AQP2儲存在囊泡中,但是一旦有ADH刺激,通過蛋白激酶A途徑使AQP2磷酸化,AQP2迅速翻轉到細胞膜的表面,成為濃縮尿液的水通道[12-13]。AQP3與AQP4在腎臟集合管的基底外側表達,幫助水分子穿過集合管[14-15]。AQP6主要在集合管的能夠分泌酸的細胞中表達,可能與腎臟的泌酸功能有關[16-17]。AQP2是目前研究發(fā)現(xiàn)與腎臟急性水代謝障礙關系最為密切的水通道蛋白。而Na+-K+-ATPase則通過直接參與或間接反映腎臟細胞的能量代謝水平,與臨床許多疾病密切相關。
本實驗通過腹腔注射脂多糖復制大鼠MODS模型誘導腎損傷,與臨床急性炎癥反應導致的MODS腎損傷的病理生理過程類似。本實驗發(fā)現(xiàn):造模成功大鼠尿量早期明顯減少,尿素氮、肌酐水平增高,APQ2表達明顯減少,考慮與腎小管上皮細胞腫脹、功能障礙甚至凋亡有關。而腎功能恢復階段,尿量的多少與AQP2的表達呈負相關。實驗過程中Na+-K+-ATPase含量在實驗組及對照組各時間點差異無統(tǒng)計學意義,但Na+-K+-ATPase活性在造模成功后迅速下降,在AQP2及腎臟功能恢復之前就已經開始逐漸增高。需要特別指出,LPS組大鼠在3d及5d時盡管AQP2的表達已經高于對照組,但Na+-K+-ATPase活性較對照組仍偏低,這可能是導致LPS組大鼠3 d及5 d時尿量有減少趨勢但仍較對照組增多的原因。AQP2是腎臟重吸收功能恢復的結構基礎,Na+-K+-ATPase則可能通過直接參與或間接反映的方式提示腎臟的能量代謝狀態(tài),只有在AQP2蛋白表達及能量代謝狀態(tài)接近正常水平后患者的腎臟功能才逐漸好轉。
炎癥介質在多器官功能障礙腎損傷的發(fā)病機制中發(fā)揮了重要作用,研究其對腎臟水通道蛋白的表達及Na+-K+-ATPase的影響為臨床膿毒癥腎損傷提供分子學基礎。水通道蛋白和Na+-K+-ATPase可能是炎癥介質作用的共同通路,干預水通道蛋白及Na+-K+-ATPase的表達可能是調節(jié)多器官功能障礙腎損傷水平衡的主要作用靶點,通過對其作用機制的研究對進一步探索炎癥致腎損傷的治療具有重要意義。
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(收稿日期:2014-02-22)
(本文編輯:何小軍)
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