李 楊秦 勤△ 任 蓓趙麗麗毛用敏鄭 萍
原發(fā)性高血壓患者血清脂聯(lián)素及其基因多態(tài)性與冠心病的相關(guān)性研究
李 楊1秦 勤1△任 蓓1趙麗麗1毛用敏2鄭 萍1
目的 探討原發(fā)性高血壓患者血清脂聯(lián)素水平及其基因單核苷酸多態(tài)性(SNP)rs266729、rs7649121、rs1501299、rs3774262與冠心病及冠脈病變程度的關(guān)系。方法以高血壓患者414例(其中單純高血壓患者180例,高血壓合并冠心病患者234例)和正常對(duì)照組185例為研究對(duì)象,應(yīng)用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法(ELISA)測(cè)定血清脂聯(lián)素水平,聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)-限制性片段長(zhǎng)度多態(tài)性(PCR-RFLP)法檢測(cè)脂聯(lián)素rs266729、rs7649121、rs1501299、rs3774262位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性。結(jié)果高血壓合并冠心病組脂聯(lián)素水平較對(duì)照組和單純高血壓組顯著降低。脂聯(lián)素rs7649121位點(diǎn)雜合子AT基因型較AA基因型可降低冠心病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)(校正OR=0.566,95%CI 0.346~0.925,P=0.023)。多元Logistic回歸分析顯示年齡、LDL-C為冠心病的危險(xiǎn)因素,脂聯(lián)素為冠心病的保護(hù)因素。隨著病變支數(shù)增加,脂聯(lián)素水平呈逐漸降低趨勢(shì)。脂聯(lián)素SNP位點(diǎn)基因型對(duì)血清脂聯(lián)素水平無(wú)明顯影響。結(jié)論脂聯(lián)素水平降低是高血壓患者發(fā)生冠心病的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素,且隨著冠脈病變程度的加重,脂聯(lián)素水平逐漸降低。脂聯(lián)素rs7649121位點(diǎn)多態(tài)性可能與高血壓患者并發(fā)冠心病有關(guān)。
脂聯(lián)素;多態(tài)性,單核苷酸;高血壓;冠心??;Logistic模型
脂聯(lián)素(adiponectin,APN)是一種脂肪細(xì)胞分泌的特異性細(xì)胞因子,研究表明脂聯(lián)素與胰島素抵抗、2型糖尿病、肥胖、動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化等密切相關(guān)[1]。冠心病是高血壓患者最常見(jiàn)的靶器官損害之一,用遺傳學(xué)方法從原發(fā)性高血壓人群中篩選出冠心病的易感基因,將有助于預(yù)防此人群冠心病的發(fā)生。本研究通過(guò)檢測(cè)天津地區(qū)高血壓患者血清脂聯(lián)素水平及其4個(gè)基因位點(diǎn) rs266729、rs7649121、rs1501299、rs3774262的單核苷酸多態(tài)性(SNP),探討脂聯(lián)素及其基因多態(tài)性與高血壓患者并發(fā)冠心病的關(guān)系,以及兩者對(duì)冠脈病變程度的影響。
1.1 研究對(duì)象 選擇2010年8月—2011年11月于我院心內(nèi)科住院的高血壓患者414例,根據(jù)是否合并有冠心病分為:?jiǎn)渭兏哐獕航M180例,年齡42~77歲,平均(58.82±7.82)歲,其中男93例,女87例;高血壓合并冠心病組234例,年齡30~78歲,平均(59.87±9.12)歲,男123例,女111例。高血壓采用世界衛(wèi)生組織-國(guó)際高血壓聯(lián)盟(WHO-ISH)的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),即收縮壓≥140 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa)和(或)舒張壓≥90 mmHg,或既往有高血壓病史,目前正在服用降壓藥物治療的患者。冠心病患者符合1979年WHO診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),并經(jīng)冠狀動(dòng)脈造影證實(shí)主要冠狀動(dòng)脈血管(左前降支、左回旋支、右冠狀動(dòng)脈)至少有1支狹窄≥50%。選擇同期住院的無(wú)高血壓病史且血壓正?;颊?85例為對(duì)照組,并經(jīng)心電圖、血液檢查、心臟超聲及冠脈造影檢查除外心臟疾病。所有受試者均排除嚴(yán)重肝、腎疾病及急、慢性感染性疾病、甲狀腺功能亢進(jìn)或減退、全身大動(dòng)脈疾病、結(jié)締組織病、各種腫瘤及繼發(fā)性高血壓患者。
1.2 冠狀動(dòng)脈造影 采用Judkins法行冠狀動(dòng)脈造影,每支血管選擇多體位投照,以國(guó)際通用的直徑法由2名有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的醫(yī)師對(duì)造影結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析。若前降支、回旋支或右冠狀動(dòng)脈中1支狹窄者歸為單支病變,2支狹窄者歸為雙支病變,3支狹窄者歸為3支病變。對(duì)于左主干病變,無(wú)論前降支、回旋支有無(wú)狹窄均歸為雙支病變。
1.3 生化指標(biāo)測(cè)定 患者入院后空腹12 h采取肘正中靜脈血,分離血清,采用競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法(ELISA)測(cè)定脂聯(lián)素水平,按照試劑盒說(shuō)明書(shū)進(jìn)行(RapidBio Lab,California,USA)。血總膽固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL-C)、極低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(VLDL-C)、空腹血糖(FPG)等生化指標(biāo)采用全自動(dòng)生化分析儀測(cè)定。
1.4 基因型分析 取靜脈血5 mL,乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)抗凝,分離白細(xì)胞,采用苯酚-氯仿抽提法提取基因組DNA。應(yīng)用聚合酶鏈反應(yīng)-限制性片段長(zhǎng)度多態(tài)性(PCR-RFLP)法檢測(cè)脂聯(lián)素基因rs266729、rs7649121、rs1501299、rs3774262位點(diǎn)SNP。相應(yīng)引物序列見(jiàn)表1,由北京奧科生物技術(shù)有限公司合成。反應(yīng)體系10 μL,PCR反應(yīng)條件:94℃預(yù)變性4 min,94℃變性30 s,55.2℃(rs266729、rs7649121)或58.5℃(rs1501299)或52.5℃(rs3774262)退火30 s,72℃延伸30 s,循環(huán)35次后72℃再延伸8 min?;虍a(chǎn)物經(jīng)限制性?xún)?nèi)切酶HhaⅠ(rs266729),BsmⅠ(rs1501299),EarⅠ(rs7649121,rs3774262)酶切后,經(jīng)1.5%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳分離觀(guān)察基因型,凝膠分析儀照相并記錄結(jié)果。
1.5 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 采用SPSS 16.0軟件進(jìn)行分析。計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(±s)表示,多組間均數(shù)比較采用單因素方差分析,計(jì)數(shù)資料比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn),各變量與冠心病的關(guān)系采用多元二項(xiàng)式Logistic回歸分析。應(yīng)用THESIAS軟件進(jìn)行Hardy-Weinberg遺傳平衡定律檢驗(yàn)和單倍型分析。雙側(cè)P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 各組間一般臨床資料及脂聯(lián)素水平比較 3組間性別、年齡、吸煙史及VLDL-C水平差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,高血壓合并冠心病組TC、TG、LDL-C及FPG水平較對(duì)照組和單純高血壓組顯著升高(P<0.05),HDL-C及APN水平較對(duì)照組和單純高血壓組顯著降低(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表2。
2.2 脂聯(lián)素SNP位點(diǎn)基因型及等位基因分布頻率比較 脂聯(lián)素SNP rs266729、rs7649121、rs1501299、rs3774262基因型分布頻率在3組中均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡(χ2分別為0.781、0.163、0.522、0.896、0.009、0.083、1.360、1.560、0.203、1.682、1.170、0.242,均P>0.05),說(shuō)明本研究人群具有群體代表性。rs266729等位基因頻率,rs7649121基因型頻率,rs1501299和rs3774262的基因型頻率及等位基因頻率在3組間分布差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P<0.05),見(jiàn)表3。
2.3 高血壓患者脂聯(lián)素基因多態(tài)性與冠心病的關(guān)系 在高血壓患者中rs7649121位點(diǎn)雜合子AT基因型較純合子AA基因型可降低冠心病風(fēng)險(xiǎn),且這種影響在校正性別、年齡、BMI、糖尿病史、吸煙史、血脂、血糖等冠心病傳統(tǒng)危險(xiǎn)因素后依然存在。rs3774262位點(diǎn)AA基因型較GG基因型或AG/GG基因型可降低冠心病風(fēng)險(xiǎn),但這種影響在校正冠心病傳統(tǒng)危險(xiǎn)因素后消失;其他2個(gè)SNP位點(diǎn)與冠心病無(wú)明顯相關(guān)性,見(jiàn)表4。
Tab.1 The PCR primer sequences and the length of enzyme-digested products表1 SNP位點(diǎn)所用引物及酶切產(chǎn)物長(zhǎng)度
2.4 高血壓患者并發(fā)冠心病的多因素回歸分析 以冠心病為因變量,以性別、年齡、BMI、吸煙史、糖尿病史、TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C、FPG、APN及rs266729、rs7649121、rs1501299、rs3774262這 4個(gè)位點(diǎn)的基因多態(tài)性為自變量,進(jìn)行多元二項(xiàng)式Logistic回歸分析,結(jié)果顯示年齡、LDL-C為冠心病的危險(xiǎn)因素,脂聯(lián)素為冠心病的保護(hù)因素,見(jiàn)表5。
2.5 病變支數(shù)與脂聯(lián)素及其基因多態(tài)性的關(guān)系 隨著冠脈病變支數(shù)的增加,脂聯(lián)素水平逐漸降低,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義;不同冠脈病變支數(shù)間脂聯(lián)素SNP位點(diǎn)基因型分布無(wú)明顯差異,見(jiàn)表6。
2.6 脂聯(lián)素基因多態(tài)性對(duì)脂聯(lián)素水平的影響 脂聯(lián)素SNPrs266729、rs7649121、rs1501299、rs3774262位點(diǎn)不同基因型間脂聯(lián)素水平差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,見(jiàn)表7。
2.7 單體型分析 脂聯(lián)素 SNP rs266729(C>G)、rs7649121(A>T)、rs1501299(G>T)、rs3774262(G>A)單體型在冠心病組及對(duì)照組間分布差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,見(jiàn)表8。
Tab.2 Comparison of clinical data and APN levels between three groups表2 各組臨床資料及脂聯(lián)素水平比較
Tab.3 Comparison of SNP genotype and allele frequency between three groups表3 脂聯(lián)素SNP位點(diǎn)基因型及等位基因在各組間分布頻率比較 例(%)
脂聯(lián)素是由脂肪細(xì)胞分泌的在脂肪組織中含量最為豐富的基因轉(zhuǎn)錄產(chǎn)物,是脂肪細(xì)胞因子家族的重要成員之一。研究證實(shí),脂聯(lián)素具有抗動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化形成、抗炎癥和抗內(nèi)膜增生等特性,可能與糖尿病、代謝綜合征、冠心病等發(fā)病有關(guān)[1]。長(zhǎng)期高血壓是促進(jìn)動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化發(fā)生發(fā)展的重要危險(xiǎn)因素。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),高血壓患者的血漿脂聯(lián)素水平明顯減低,并且隨著血壓水平的升高,脂聯(lián)素水平逐漸下降[2]。多項(xiàng)研究證實(shí),低脂聯(lián)素血癥是冠心病的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素之一[3-4]。本研究中高血壓合并冠心病組患者脂聯(lián)素水平明顯降低,且隨著病變支數(shù)的增加脂聯(lián)素水平呈逐漸下降的趨勢(shì),Logistic回歸分析顯示低脂聯(lián)素血癥為高血壓患者發(fā)生冠心病的危險(xiǎn)因素,證實(shí)了脂聯(lián)素在高血壓患者發(fā)生動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的過(guò)程中發(fā)揮重要作用,兩種疾病的疊加進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)了動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化的發(fā)生發(fā)展,脂聯(lián)素可以作為反映冠脈病變嚴(yán)重程度的一個(gè)輔助指標(biāo),以脂聯(lián)素為干預(yù)靶點(diǎn)的治療可能為高血壓患者的一級(jí)預(yù)防提供新的思路。
編碼脂聯(lián)素的基因位于染色體3q27區(qū)域,為2型糖尿病、代謝綜合征及冠心病的易感位點(diǎn),有較大頻率的基因多態(tài)性[5],其SNP可能通過(guò)影響血清脂聯(lián)素水平而參與疾病的發(fā)生與發(fā)展。國(guó)內(nèi)外已有大量研究結(jié)果顯示在不同種族人群中脂聯(lián)素基因多態(tài)性與疾病的相關(guān)性不盡相同。國(guó)外有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),脂聯(lián)素基因SNP+276 G/T(rs1501299)多態(tài)性只增加早發(fā)冠心病患者的危險(xiǎn)性,在晚發(fā)冠心病患者中起決定作用的則是其他的心血管危險(xiǎn)因素[6]。rs1501299 T等位基因攜帶者心肌梗死風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增高[7]。國(guó)內(nèi)亦有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)rs1501299 G>T突變?cè)黾庸谛牟★L(fēng)險(xiǎn),但對(duì)脂聯(lián)素水平無(wú)明顯影響[8]。也有研究顯示rs1501299 G等位基因與冠心病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增高有關(guān)[9-10]。亦有研究表明,SNP+276G/T與冠狀動(dòng)脈疾病的發(fā)生及血漿APN水平不相關(guān)[11]。大規(guī)模的薈萃分析提示rs1501299 T等位基因降低心血管病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[12-13]。有關(guān)rs266729的研究結(jié)果也不一致,有研究提示rs266729 G等位基因增加心血管病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)[13],薈萃分析顯示rs266729與心血管疾病之間的相關(guān)性?xún)H在亞洲人群中是顯著的[13-14]。有研究顯示rs7649121與糖尿病及代謝綜合征相關(guān)[15-16],但rs7649121及rs3774262位點(diǎn)與冠心病的相關(guān)性,目前國(guó)內(nèi)外尚鮮見(jiàn)到報(bào)道。本研究中脂聯(lián)素rs7649121位點(diǎn)雜合子AT基因型較純合子AA基因型可降低高血壓患者冠心病風(fēng)險(xiǎn),rs266729、rs1501299、rs3774262則與冠心病無(wú)明顯相關(guān)性,可能與人群種族差異及本研究樣本量較小有關(guān)。
Tab.4 Effects of adiponectin gene polymorphism on risk factors of coronary artery disease in hypertension patients表4 脂聯(lián)素基因多態(tài)性對(duì)高血壓患者并發(fā)冠心病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的影響
Tab.5 Logistic regression analysis of risk factors for coronary artery disease表5 冠心病影響因素分析
綜上,脂聯(lián)素作為一個(gè)脂肪細(xì)胞分泌的細(xì)胞因子,是連接代謝紊亂與心血管疾病的重要環(huán)節(jié),高血壓合并低脂聯(lián)素血癥患者可能更易于發(fā)生心血管疾病,早期監(jiān)測(cè)高血壓患者的脂聯(lián)素水平,并以其為治療靶點(diǎn)可能成為高血壓患者一級(jí)預(yù)防與二級(jí)預(yù)防的重要措施。脂聯(lián)素基因SNP與冠心病的相關(guān)性尚需進(jìn)一步大樣本研究加以證實(shí)。
Tab.6 Relationship between adiponectin gene polymorphism and serum adiponectin levels with the severity of coronary artery stenosis表6 病變支數(shù)與脂聯(lián)素及其基因多態(tài)性的關(guān)系
Tab.7 Comparison of serum adiponectin levels in different genotype groups表7 不同基因型脂聯(lián)素水平比較
Tab.8 Haplotype analysis of APN SNPs表8 脂聯(lián)素SNP位點(diǎn)單體型分析
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(2014-02-26收稿 2014-05-23修回)
(本文編輯 李國(guó)琪)
The Association between Serum Adiponectin Levels and Gene Polymorphism with Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Essential Hypertension
LI Yang1,QIN Qin1△,REN Bei1,ZHAO Lili1,MAO Yongmin2,ZHENG Ping1
1 Department of Cardiology,Tianjin Chest Hospital,Tianjin 300222,China;2 Tianjin Institute of Cardiovascular Disease△
E-mail:qinqin6351@163.com
ObjectiveTo observe the association between adiponectin gene polymorphism,serum adiponectin levels with the incidence of coronary artery disease(CAD)and the severity of coronary artery stenosis in patients with essential hypertension(EH).MethodsA total of 414 patients with EH(234 cases with CAD and 180 cases without CAD)and 185 control subjects were recruited in this study.Serum adiponectin levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Adiponectin single-nucleotide polymorphisms rs266729,rs7649121,rs1501299 and rs3774262 were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP).ResultsSerum adiponectin levels were significantly lower in EH with CAD group than those in control group and EH without CAD group.Adiponectin SNP rs7649121 AT genotype reduced the risk of CAD compared with AA genotype(adjusted OR=0.566,95%CI 0.346-0.925,P=0.023).Logistic regression analysis showed that age and LDL-C were risk factors of CAD,and adiponectin was the protective factor for CAD in EH patients.The severity of coronary artery stenosis was negatively related to the level of adiponectin.Adiponectin levels were not affected by the adiponectin gene polymorphism.ConclusionThe decreased serum adiponectin level was the independent risk factor for CAD in EH patients,which was negatively related to the severity of coronary artery stenosis.Adiponectin SNP rs7649121 may contribute to the risk factors of CAD in EH patients.
adiponectin;polymorphism,single nucleotide;hypertension;coronary disease;Logistic models
R541
A
10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2014.09.014
天津市衛(wèi)生局科技基金項(xiàng)目(2006KR11)
1天津市胸科醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科(郵編300222);2天津市心血管病研究所
△通訊作者 E-mail:qinqin6351@163.com