陳弘群,楊海華,何 悅,曲 毅*
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二十二碳六烯酸抑制慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者中性粒細胞核因子-κB p65的表達
陳弘群1,楊海華2,何 悅1,曲 毅1*
(上海市徐匯區(qū)中心醫(yī)院:1老年病科,2呼吸科,上海 200031)
探討二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)在慢性阻塞性肺疾?。–OPD)中的抗炎機制。選取2011年12月至2012年12月在上海市徐匯區(qū)中心醫(yī)院門診就診的患者40例,其中COPD穩(wěn)定期患者20例為A組,COPD發(fā)作期患者20例為B組,分離外周靜脈血中性粒細胞體外培養(yǎng),用不同濃度的DHA(10,50和100μmol/L)處理0~72h(0,24,48和72h),收取培養(yǎng)液上清測定炎癥因子白細胞介素(IL)-6,IL-8和腫瘤壞死因子α(TNF-α)水平,收取細胞蛋白做Western印跡法檢測核因子κB(NF-κB)p65的表達。DHA作用前B組炎癥因子水平顯著高于A組。DHA作用后,兩組炎癥因子水平都下降,并呈現(xiàn)濃度和時間依賴效應,B組下降趨勢大于A組,高濃度DHA作用72h后,A組和B組炎癥因子水平趨于一致。NF-κB p65的表達水平隨DHA濃度和時間變化呈現(xiàn)下降趨勢(<0.05)。DHA可能通過抑制中性粒細胞的NF-κB p65蛋白的表達,顯著性地降低了中性粒細胞分泌炎癥因子IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α的水平,為DHA用于臨床治療COPD提供了理論依據(jù)。
二十二碳六烯酸;肺疾病,慢性阻塞性;轉錄因子-RelA
慢性阻塞性肺疾?。╟hronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)是臨床常見的慢性呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病,其病變特征是持續(xù)性的氣流受限,并呈進行性發(fā)展[1],病發(fā)后不僅肺部有炎癥,有些患者還伴隨全身性炎癥反應,因此抗炎治療是目前治療COPD的主要措施[2]。中性粒細胞是COPD患者的主要炎癥細胞,氣道中性粒細胞趨化、黏附、激活是形成COPD氣道炎癥的關鍵。中性粒細胞分泌的白細胞介素(interleukin,IL)-6、IL-8、腫瘤壞死因子α(tumor necrosis factor α,TNF-α)等在COPD患者全身性炎癥反應中起重要作用[3]。二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexaenoic acid,DHA)是一種對人體非常重要的多不飽和脂肪酸,屬于ω-3不飽和脂肪酸家族中的重要成員。DHA是神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)細胞生長及維持的一種主要元素,是人體特定的免疫營養(yǎng)素,具有抑制炎癥反應的效應。本文主要研究DHA對COPD患者中性粒細胞炎癥因子釋放的影響,并初步探討其發(fā)生機制。
入選病例為2011年12月至2012年12月間在上海市徐匯區(qū)中心醫(yī)院老年病科門診就診的患者40例,所有患者均符合2007年中華醫(yī)學會呼吸學會制定的《慢性阻塞性肺疾病診治指南》診斷標準,且為肺功能Ⅱ~Ⅲ級,除外COPD的其他呼吸道疾病,穩(wěn)定期要求患者病情穩(wěn)定≥6周。COPD穩(wěn)定期組(A組)20例,男15例,女5例,年齡(78.7±8.1)歲,病程(13±10)年;COPD發(fā)作期組(B組)20例,男16例,女4例,年齡(79.2±4.3)歲,病程(12±9)年,兩組一般資料差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(>0.05)。
抽取患者空腹外周靜脈血(肘靜脈)標本靜脈血20ml,并予肝素抗凝處理。
DHA(Cayman公司),核因子(nuclear factor,NF-κB)p65抗體(Sigma公司),IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α ELISA試劑盒(RandD公司)。
用免疫磁珠法分離出外周靜脈血中性粒細胞。
用含10%胎牛血清培養(yǎng)液,培養(yǎng)基在37℃、100%飽和濕度條件下培養(yǎng),調整細胞濃度2×109個/L,加于24孔板中。
各組先后加入濃度分別為10,50和100μmol/L的DHA,并分別用Western印跡法檢測0,24,48和72h后的NF -κB p65蛋白表達:收集各組2×106細胞,放入1.5ml EP管,加入0.5ml細胞裂解液,10 000×離心10min,提取上清。用BCA法計算樣品的蛋白濃度,加入等量的2×SDS上樣緩沖液,5 000×離心10min,提取上清,在4%梯度預制膠上加樣,電壓調到120V轉膜40min。用封閉液稀釋一抗(1∶500),4℃反應抗體結合過夜。用PBS稀釋二抗(1∶1000),室溫反應30min。NC膜加ECL,反應1min放入成像系統(tǒng)掃描,用IPP5.6計算條帶灰度值。同時收集各組細胞上清液,用ELISA檢測IL-6,IL-8和TNF-α。
應用統(tǒng)計學軟件SPSS12.0進行數(shù)據(jù)處理,結果以均數(shù)±標準差表示,計量資料組間比較采用檢驗,計數(shù)資料組間比較采用2檢驗。以<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
分離患者外周靜脈血中的中性粒細胞(圖1)。
圖1 中性粒細胞的分離培養(yǎng)
Figure 1 Isolation and culture of neutrophils from peripheral venous blood (Scale bar=200μm)
分別用DHA 10,50,100μmol/L三個不同濃度作用于A組和B組的中性粒細胞,并收集不同時間點0,24,48,72h的細胞培養(yǎng)液,檢測炎癥因子IL-6,IL-8和TNF-α的含量。由表1~表3可見,在加DHA 0h,B組細胞分泌的炎癥因子IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α量顯著高于A組(<0.05),當加入DHA后A組和B組的炎癥因子水平都有所下降,A組為COPD穩(wěn)定期患者,因此炎癥因子IL-6,IL-8和TNF-α變化不明顯,無顯著性差異(>0.05),而B組各指標下降較為明顯,且差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(<0.05),并且呈現(xiàn)出DHA劑量依賴效應和時間依賴效應,和A組比較,差異仍有統(tǒng)計學意義(<0.05)。在100μmol/L DHA作用72h時后,A組和B組炎癥因子水平已經(jīng)趨于一致,且差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(>0.05),表明DHA在100μmol/L作用72h時,有顯著性地抑制中性粒細胞釋放炎癥因子IL-6,IL-8和TNF-α的作用,并且對于發(fā)作期的患者,抗炎效果尤其明顯。
NF-κB是核轉錄因子,它在炎癥的啟動、放大及持續(xù)存在中起中樞調控作用,p65是NF-κB的一個亞基,當外界因子作用時,引起NF-κB亞基分離,游離出有轉錄活性的亞基p65,結合于DNA上發(fā)揮轉錄調控作用,啟動下游基因IL-6,IL-8和TNF-α等炎癥基因的表達上調。
由圖2可知,DHA對中性粒細胞的NF-κB p65亞基的表達有抑制作用,并且這種抑制作用隨著DHA濃度加大,作用時間加長呈現(xiàn)增大的趨勢,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(<0.01)。表明DHA可能通過抑制中性粒細胞中NF-κB的表達,減少它的活性形式p65的水平,從而抑制炎癥因子IL-6,IL-8和TNF-α的轉錄活化,達到抗炎的作用。
COPD是臨床常見的呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病,其發(fā)病機制尚不完全明確,它的基本病理是氣道的慢性炎癥,但實際上不僅是肺部炎癥,而且是伴隨全身性炎癥反應。各種炎癥細胞分泌的炎癥因子,是導致氣道產(chǎn)生炎癥,并由穩(wěn)定期演變?yōu)榧毙园l(fā)作期的重要因素[2]。這些炎癥細胞包括中性粒細胞、巨噬細胞、T淋巴細胞等,其中中性粒細胞主要分泌的IL-6,IL-8和TNF-α對炎癥的發(fā)生和加重都起著決定性作用,因此,抗炎治療在COPD發(fā)作期的治療過程中占有重要地位。
表1 細胞培養(yǎng)液中IL-8的含量
Group A: COPD patients in stable period; Group B: COPD patients in exacerbation period; IL-8: interleukin-8; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid. After DHA treatment, the levels of IL-8 dropped directly in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in both groups, but the downtrend was stronger in group B than in group A. After treated with high dosed DHA for 72h, the IL-8 levels in group A were not significantly different with those in group B. Compared with group A,*<0.05
表2 細胞培養(yǎng)液中IL-6的含量
Group A: COPD patients in stable period; Group B: COPD patients in exacerbation period; IL-6: interleukin-6; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid. After DHA treatment, the levels of IL-6 dropped directly in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in both groups, but the downtrend was stronger in group B than in group A. After treated with high dosed DHA for 72h, the IL-6 levels in group A were not significantly different with those in group B. Compared with group A,*<0.05
表3 細胞培養(yǎng)液中TNF-α的含量
Group A: COPD patients in stable period; Group B: COPD patients in exacerbation period; TNF-a: tumor necrosis factora; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid. After DHA treatment, the levels of TNF-α dropped directly in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in both groups, but the downtrend was stronger in group B than in group A. After treated with high dosed DHA for 72h, the TNF-α levels in group A were not significantly different with those in group B. Compared with group A,*<0.05
Figure 2 Effect of different concentrations of DHA on expression of p65 in neutrophils
Compared with 0h at different concentrations of DHA,**<0.01; Compared with 48h at 10μmol/L DHA,##<0.01; Compared with 72h at 10μmol/L DHA,△△<0.01
本研究顯示,與COPD穩(wěn)定期比較,發(fā)作期的中性粒細胞分泌IL-6,IL-8和TNF-α炎癥因子顯著性地高于穩(wěn)定期。在中性粒細胞中加入DHA后,B組的IL-6,IL-8和TNF-α的分泌量下降較為明顯,呈現(xiàn)出DHA劑量依賴效應和時間依賴效應,在72h,100μmol/L DHA濃度的情況下,A組和B組差異沒有統(tǒng)計學意義。NF-κB p65的Western印跡分析結果說明DHA對中性粒細胞的NF-κB p65表達有抑制作用,并隨著DHA濃度增加,作用時間延長,NF-κB p65表達顯著下調。說明DHA可能通過抑制中性粒細胞中NF-κB的表達,減少它的活性形式p65的水平,從而抑制炎癥因子IL-6,IL-8和TNF-α的轉錄活化,從而達到抑制炎癥的作用。
NF-κB是炎癥反應過程中重要的轉錄因子,當受到外界細胞因子、炎癥因子的影響時,NF-κB與它的抑制亞基ⅠκB分離,游離出活性亞基p65,p65進入細胞核后結合于DNA的轉錄因子結合域,啟動下游基因的表達[3]。NF-κB作為細胞中一個重要的轉錄因子,幾乎存在于所有細胞中,在免疫反應、應激反應及細胞凋亡的調節(jié)中起主導作用。NF-κB的活化后可引起IL-6、IL-8、TNF-α、黏附分子、集落刺激因子(粒細胞集落刺激因子)等炎癥基因的轉錄,引起正常組織器官的炎癥反應[4]。
Moon等[5]報道證明DHA具有抗炎作用。Weldon等[6]發(fā)現(xiàn),DHA能顯著減少巨噬細胞在脂多糖誘導下的TNF-α,IL-1β和IL-6的生成及這些炎癥遞質mRNA的表達,降低p65與DNA的結合率。近期研究[7?13]發(fā)現(xiàn),二十碳五烯酸和DHA的代謝產(chǎn)物可以通過減少白細胞的游走及滲出,并能減少炎癥遞質的生成,而參與了炎癥的消退過程,影響細胞膜的完整性和穩(wěn)定性,減少細胞因子的產(chǎn)生與釋放,使局部損傷組織完全修復,并降低C反應蛋白及IL-1β水平。
綜上所述,DHA能有效減少COPD發(fā)作期患者中性粒細胞釋放炎癥因子IL-6,IL-8和TNF-α,降低過度炎癥反應,為今后臨床上治療COPD的炎癥反應可提供新的思路。
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(編輯: 周宇紅)
DHA suppresses NF-κB p65 expression in neutrophils in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CHEN Hong-Qun1, YANG Hai-Hua2, HE Yue1, QU Yi1*
(1Department of Geriatrics,2Department of Respiratory Diseases, Xuhui District Central Hospital, Shanghai 200031, China)
To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).A total of 40 COPD outpatients in our department from December 2011 to December 2012 were recruited in this study. Twenty cases of them in stable period were assigned as group A, and the left 20 cases in exacerbation period were assigned into group B. Their peripheral blood neutrophils were isolated and cultivated. Then the cells were treated with DHA at different concentrations (10, 50 and 100μmol/L) for 0, 24, 48 and 72h, respectively. The levels of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α in culture supernatants were measured. The expression level of NF-κB p65 protein was detected with Western blotting.Before DHA treatment, the levels of inflammatory factors were significantly higher in group B than in group A. After DHA treatment, the levels dropped directly in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in both groups, but the downtrend was stronger in group B than in group A. After treated with high dosed DHA for 72h, the inflammatory cytokines levels in group A were not significantly different with those in group B. NF-κB p65 protein expression was decreased in a dose- and time-dependent manner (<0.05).DHA significantly reduces the levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α through inhibiting NF-κB p65 protein expression in neutrophils, providing the theoretical basis for DHA in clinical treatment of COPD.
docosahexaenoic acid; pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive; transcription factor RelA
R563.9
A
10.3724/SP.J.1264.2014.00013
2013?03?09;
2013?07?23
曲 毅, E-mail: QRQUYI@163.com