夏季藍(lán)藻水華期間太湖河口區(qū)和敞水區(qū)纖毛蟲群落組成及水平分布

李 靜盧文軒張雷燕陳非洲

(1. 中國(guó)科學(xué)院南京地理與湖泊研究所, 湖泊與環(huán)境國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室, 南京 210008; 2. 安徽省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院水產(chǎn)研究所, 合肥 230031)

夏季藍(lán)藻水華期間太湖河口區(qū)和敞水區(qū)纖毛蟲群落組成及水平分布

李 靜1,2盧文軒2張雷燕1陳非洲1

(1. 中國(guó)科學(xué)院南京地理與湖泊研究所, 湖泊與環(huán)境國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室, 南京 210008; 2. 安徽省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院水產(chǎn)研究所, 合肥 230031)

在太湖北部主要河口區(qū)及敞水區(qū)域采集纖毛蟲樣品, 并用定量蛋白銀法進(jìn)行分析。河口區(qū)設(shè) 10個(gè)采樣點(diǎn), 敞水區(qū)設(shè)14個(gè)采樣點(diǎn)。調(diào)查中共檢出3綱15目60屬的105種纖毛蟲, 種類最多的是鉤刺目(21種), 其次是寡毛目(20種)。纖毛蟲優(yōu)勢(shì)種及其在河口區(qū)和敞水區(qū)占總豐度比例分別為: 寡毛目的雙叉彈跳蟲Halteria bifurcate Tamar (12.3%、18.1%)、大彈跳蟲H. grandinella Dujardin (12.3%、10.9%)、短列裂隙蟲Rimostrombidium brachykinetum Krainer (8.0%、13.4%)、圓筒狀似鈴殼蟲Tintinnopsis cylindrata Kofoid & Campbell (11.8%、4.5%)、盾纖目的銀灰膜袋蟲Cyclidium glaucoma Müller (3.1%、10.8%)。其他常見種類還有: 前口目的趣尾毛蟲Urotricha farcta Claparède & Lachmann、寡毛目的杯鈴殼蟲Codonella cratera Leidy、小裂隙蟲R. humile Penard、奇異急游蟲Strombidium mirabile Penard、小筒殼蟲Tintinnidium pusillum Entz、緣毛目的水生鐘蟲復(fù)合種Vorticella aquadulcis complex和鐘形鐘蟲V. campanula Ehrenberg。河口區(qū)和敞水區(qū)纖毛蟲平均豐度分別為31407 cells/L(范圍1 600—80 900 cells/L)和18618 cells/L(范圍1225 —36000 cells/L),平均生物量分別為1322.6 μg/L(范圍44.6—3119.7 μg/L)和543.6 μg/L(范圍44.0—1570.4 μg/L)。兩個(gè)區(qū)域的優(yōu)勢(shì)類群相似, 均以寡毛目、前口目、盾纖目和緣毛目為主。但河口區(qū)纖毛蟲生物多樣性(種類豐富度、Simpson多樣性指數(shù)、Margalef多樣性指數(shù)、Shannon多樣性指數(shù))顯著高于敞水區(qū)的(P＜0.05)。統(tǒng)計(jì)分析發(fā)現(xiàn), 食藻種類與葉綠素 a含量之間無(wú)顯著相關(guān), 而食菌種類的豐度和葉綠素 a含量呈顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系(P＜0.001)。由此推測(cè), 纖毛蟲群落結(jié)構(gòu)的空間差異可能與水華暴發(fā)程度有較大關(guān)系。

藍(lán)藻水華; 纖毛蟲; 定量蛋白銀法; 太湖; 水平分布

湖泊藍(lán)藻水華頻繁暴發(fā), 會(huì)影響到生物多樣性保育和區(qū)域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)平衡。自20世紀(jì)80年代以來(lái),太湖水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化加劇, 北部湖區(qū)頻繁出現(xiàn)藍(lán)藻水華[1,2], 如微囊藻屬 Microcystis有時(shí)高達(dá)藻類總生物量的98%。有關(guān)水華藍(lán)藻對(duì)水生生物類群的影響,已開展多方面研究, 例如魚、蝦等水產(chǎn)品中可能累積藻毒素從而影響食品安全, 且這種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)目前可能被低估; 大存量藍(lán)藻可能導(dǎo)致浮游動(dòng)物攝食和生長(zhǎng)速度緩慢等[3,4]。也有研究表明, 水華期間部分浮游動(dòng)物類群, 如纖毛蟲和鞭毛蟲, 數(shù)量急劇減少, 微食物網(wǎng)亦非常脆弱[5]。

太湖是大型淺水湖泊, 因水網(wǎng)稠密和風(fēng)力作用等造成其水質(zhì)和生態(tài)類型空間差異較大[6]。國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)太湖流域水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)已開展了大量研究, 對(duì)浮游動(dòng)物、浮游細(xì)菌、真核微型浮游生物等重要類群做了很多工作[7—9]。關(guān)于太湖浮游纖毛蟲的調(diào)查主要在 20世紀(jì), 如: 1951年白國(guó)棟于五里湖調(diào)查,檢出纖毛蟲 62種(屬)[10]; 徐潤(rùn)林和 Nauwerck[11]對(duì)梅梁灣和胥口灣的纖毛蟲進(jìn)行染色分析, 共檢出 18個(gè)種; 蔡后建[12]也對(duì)梅梁灣的纖毛蟲進(jìn)行過(guò)調(diào)查。但是近年來(lái)隨著太湖營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽水平的變化, 纖毛蟲群落結(jié)構(gòu)可能發(fā)生了較大變化。另外, 近河口區(qū)和敞水區(qū)水體性質(zhì)差異較大, 而對(duì)這兩種生境中纖毛蟲的群落組成和水平分布差異尚不清楚。本次調(diào)查于2009年7月進(jìn)行, 選擇太湖北部主要入湖河口和敞水區(qū)采集樣品并使用定量蛋白銀法對(duì)纖毛蟲進(jìn)行分析。

1 材料與方法

1.1 研究區(qū)域和采樣點(diǎn)位

2009年夏季藍(lán)藻水華期間, 利用快艇在太湖北部進(jìn)行取樣, 采樣點(diǎn)位(圖1)如下: (1)在靠近重要港口、河流入湖口等區(qū)域設(shè)置了10個(gè)采樣點(diǎn)E1—E10,采樣點(diǎn)水深1—2 m; (2)在太湖北部敞水區(qū)域設(shè)置了14個(gè)采樣點(diǎn)P1—P14, 水深1.5—3.1 m。河口區(qū)采樣點(diǎn)按從E1到E10順序依次對(duì)應(yīng): 黿頭渚、大溪河、望虞河、金墅港、銅坑港、山后尖浜、定跨港、大浦港、沙塘港、殷村港。

圖1 太湖北部河口區(qū)和敞水區(qū)采樣點(diǎn)Fig. 1 Sampling stations in estuary and pelagic zones of Northern Lake Taihu

1.2 樣品采集及分析鑒定

用2.5 L采水器分別采集表層(水下50 cm)、中層、底層(底泥界面以上50 cm)湖水, 等體積混合后備用。水深不足1.5 m的, 則取表層和底層水等體積混合。取1 L混合水裝入白色塑料瓶中, 用波恩氏液固定(終濃度5%), 用于分析纖毛蟲。將部分混合水樣裝入容器中, 用保溫箱保存并盡快帶回實(shí)驗(yàn)室,以測(cè)定氮磷營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽和葉綠素a濃度[13]。水體透明度用Secchi盤現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)定, 水溫、pH等指標(biāo)用YSI 6600水質(zhì)分析儀現(xiàn)場(chǎng)測(cè)定。

纖毛蟲樣品用定量蛋白銀法制片[14], 步驟如下:將固定后的樣品靜置 48h, 除去上清液濃縮至 50 mL保存; 將濃縮樣品混勻并從中吸取 0.5—2 mL不等水樣過(guò)濾至硝酸纖維膜; 經(jīng)瓊脂包埋、蛋白銀染色、異丙醇和二甲苯梯度脫水、中性樹膠封片完成制片,歷時(shí)約6h。將標(biāo)本風(fēng)干后用Olympus BX51顯微鏡觀察分析。纖毛蟲的鑒定主要參照Foissner等[15]、Lynn[16]及其他相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)。生物量的計(jì)算主要參照Foissner等[15], 個(gè)別沒有生物量數(shù)據(jù)的種類則單獨(dú)計(jì)算: 挑出一般不少于10只個(gè)體, 測(cè)量蟲體長(zhǎng)度、寬度和厚度, 按照近似幾何體體積計(jì)算公式計(jì)算體積, 假定蟲體比重為 1[17], 從而得出該種類單位個(gè)體平均生物量值。

1.3 數(shù)據(jù)分析

各點(diǎn)纖毛蟲豐度和生物量的差異性, 及其與環(huán)境因子的相關(guān)關(guān)系用SPSS 16.0軟件分析。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 湖區(qū)環(huán)境特征

采樣期間, 水溫變化范圍為 27.4—30.9 , pH℃變化范圍為7.2—9.3。水體平均總氮含量為3.4 mg/L,各點(diǎn)含量相差較大, 如金墅港口 E4采樣點(diǎn)總氮為1.5 mg/L, 而梅梁灣北部敞水區(qū) P2采樣點(diǎn)則高達(dá)9.8 mg/L?？偭灼骄鶟舛?.20 mg/L, 其空間分布與總氮有相似格局。葉綠素a變化范圍也較大, P9點(diǎn)為8.3 μg/L, 而梅梁灣P2點(diǎn)則高達(dá)491.2 μg/L。水體硝酸鹽氮、亞硝酸鹽氮、銨態(tài)氮濃度空間差異也較大(表1)。

2.2 纖毛蟲群落組成和空間分布特征

在24個(gè)采樣點(diǎn)共檢出105種纖毛蟲, 隸屬于3綱、14目、60屬。種類數(shù)最多的是鉤刺目(21種), 其次是寡毛目(20種)(附錄1)。河口區(qū)和敞水區(qū)的優(yōu)勢(shì)類群相似, 均以寡毛目(22914和11514 cells/L)、前口目(2342和1179 cells/L)、盾纖目(1976和2086 cells/L)和緣毛目(2395和2407 cells/L)為主, 在所有采樣點(diǎn)這四個(gè)目纖毛蟲豐度占總豐度比例均達(dá) 90%以上(表2)。河口區(qū)和敞水區(qū)的纖毛蟲優(yōu)勢(shì)種豐度及其占總豐度比例分別為: 寡毛目的雙叉彈跳蟲 Halteria bifurcate Tamar (3877 cells/L, 12.3%; 3375 cells/L, 18.1%)、大彈跳蟲H. grandinella Dujardin (3865 cells/L, 12.3%; 2021 cells/L, 10.9%)、短列裂隙蟲 Rimostrom-bidium brachykinetum Krainer(2525 cells/L, 8.0%; 2500 cells/L, 13.4%)、圓筒狀似鈴殼蟲Tintinnopsis cylindrata Kofoid & Campbell(3694 cells/L, 11.8%; 830 cells/L, 4.5%)、盾纖目的銀灰膜袋蟲Cyclidium glaucoma Müller(988 cells/L, 3.1%; 2017 cells/L, 10.8%), 這5個(gè)種共占纖毛蟲總豐度的55.2%。其他常見種類還有: 趣尾毛蟲Urotricha farcta Claparède & Lachmann、杯鈴殼蟲Codonella cratera Leidy、奇異急游蟲 Strombidium mirabile Penard、小筒殼蟲Tintinnidium pusillum Entz、水生鐘蟲復(fù)合種Vorticella aquadulcis complex和鐘形鐘蟲V. campanula Ehrenberg,這些種類檢出率均大于 50%。小裂隙蟲 R. humile Penard雖然檢出率不高, 但是在檢出的樣品中所占比重(豐度)最高達(dá)30%。河口區(qū)和敞水區(qū)主要食性功能群分布也相似, 均以食菌的最多, 其次是食藻的和營(yíng)混合營(yíng)養(yǎng)方式的類群(圖2)。

河口區(qū)和敞水區(qū)纖毛蟲平均豐度分別為31407 cells/L (范圍 1600—80900 cells/L)和 18618 cells/L(范圍1225—36000 cells/L), 平均生物量分別為 1322.6 μg/L (范圍44.6—3119.7 μg/L)和543.6 μg/L(范圍44.0—1570.4 μg/L)(表 2)。河口區(qū)的平均豐度和平均生物量均比敞水區(qū)高, 但是差異均不顯著(P＞0.05)。

雖然種類組成和主要功能群分布相似, 但是河口區(qū)的生物多樣性指數(shù)如種類豐富度、Simpson多樣性指數(shù)、Margalef多樣性指數(shù)、Shannon多樣性指數(shù)均顯著高于敞水區(qū)(前三者 P＜0.05, 后者P＜0.01)(表2)。檢出種類最多的是靠近定跨港的E7點(diǎn)位, 檢出36種, 最少的是敞水區(qū)P8點(diǎn), 僅檢出8種。北太湖 Shannon多樣性指數(shù)范圍 1.4—2.9, Simpson多樣性指數(shù)范圍0.6—0.9, Margalef多樣性指數(shù)范圍0.9—4.2。

2.3 纖毛蟲群落結(jié)構(gòu)與環(huán)境因子的關(guān)系

相關(guān)性分析發(fā)現(xiàn), 總氮、總磷和葉綠素a含量對(duì)纖毛蟲群落結(jié)構(gòu)影響較大(表3)。其中葉綠素a含量與纖毛蟲總豐度顯著相關(guān)(P＜0.01), 而影響生物多樣性指數(shù)的主要是硝酸鹽氮和銨態(tài)氮。主要類群(目)中,緣毛類和盾纖類受總氮、總磷和葉綠素a含量影響較大, 而這些因子對(duì)寡毛類和前口類影響不顯著。各食性功能群中, 主食細(xì)菌的、營(yíng)混合營(yíng)養(yǎng)方式的和捕食性的纖毛蟲數(shù)量均與葉綠素 a含量呈顯著正相關(guān)(P＜0.01), 食藻的和雜食性的則受其影響較小。

表1 2009年7月北太湖敞水區(qū)和河口區(qū)環(huán)境特征(表中數(shù)值為平均值及其范圍)Tab. 1 Environmental characteristics in the estuary and pelagic zones of Northern Lake Taihu in July 2009 (given as average value and its range)

表2 北太湖敞水區(qū)和河口區(qū)纖毛蟲豐度、生物量和生物多樣性(表中數(shù)值為平均值及其范圍)Tab. 2 Environmental characteristics in the estuary and pelagic zones of Northern Lake Taihu (given as average value and its range)

3 討論

圖2 北太湖纖毛蟲群落組成及主要食性功能群分布Fig. 2 Compositions of ciliate community and functional groups in Northern Lake Taihu

表3 纖毛蟲總生物量、各類群豐度及其生物多樣性指數(shù)和環(huán)境因子的相關(guān)系數(shù)Tab. 3 Correlation between environmental factors and abundance, biomass as well as biodiversity index of ciliates

本文主要目的是闡明大型富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化湖泊太湖,在夏季水華期間的纖毛蟲生物多樣性, 及其在河口區(qū)和敞水區(qū)的群落組成和分布差異。結(jié)果顯示太湖纖毛蟲生物多樣性較高, 本次在北太湖共檢出超過(guò)100種纖毛蟲。該結(jié)果高于已報(bào)道的一些其他湖泊,如位于Finland的溫帶富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化湖泊K?yli?nj?rvi湖,該湖于水華期間檢出 27種纖毛蟲[18]; 還高于一些常年存在藍(lán)藻水華的亞熱帶富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化湖泊, 如滇池和星云湖[19]。這種生物多樣性的季節(jié)和空間差異,盡管與采樣范圍、湖泊規(guī)模、水體環(huán)境差異、分析方法等有關(guān), 但也說(shuō)明藍(lán)藻水華可能對(duì)浮游纖毛蟲群落有不容忽視的影響, 而且該影響和水華暴發(fā)程度有關(guān)[5,20]。

雖然生物多樣性差異較大, 但是本次得到的纖毛蟲豐度和生物量與以往很多類似湖泊的結(jié)果相差不大[21]。本次檢出種類中以寡毛目豐度最高, 比例達(dá)三分之二; 功能攝食類群上以食菌種類為主, 所占比例近 40%。相關(guān)性分析發(fā)現(xiàn), 食菌種類的總豐度與水體葉綠素 a含量呈極顯著正相關(guān)關(guān)系(P＜0.01)。這可能是因?yàn)樗A藍(lán)藻暴發(fā)期間, 大量的藻類碎屑為細(xì)菌生長(zhǎng)提供了有機(jī)碳源, 因而細(xì)菌大量滋生, 從而世代時(shí)間較短的小個(gè)體食菌纖毛蟲也大量增殖[22]。植食性(食藻者)纖毛蟲則沒有呈現(xiàn)隨葉綠素 a含量升高而增加的趨勢(shì), 究其原因可能主要有以下兩個(gè)方面: 一是采樣期間浮游植物以藍(lán)藻為主, 而藍(lán)藻不飽和脂肪酸含量低、常具群體膠鞘、存在化學(xué)防御、常產(chǎn)毒等, 因此普遍認(rèn)為藍(lán)藻不是浮游動(dòng)物的理想食物來(lái)源[23]; 二是食藻纖毛蟲還面臨著與后生浮游動(dòng)物競(jìng)爭(zhēng)食物的情況[24]。

本次調(diào)查區(qū)域遍布北太湖敞水區(qū)和主要河流(出)入湖口, 纖毛蟲群落結(jié)構(gòu)存在明顯空間差異。首先, 與敞水區(qū)相比, 河口區(qū)纖毛蟲生物多樣性和豐度、生物量均較高, 這種現(xiàn)象也存在于海洋中[25];其次, 兩個(gè)區(qū)域的纖毛蟲優(yōu)勢(shì)類群相似, 但是優(yōu)勢(shì)種及其優(yōu)勢(shì)度不盡相同?？傮w來(lái)說(shuō), 纖毛蟲優(yōu)勢(shì)種主要是以細(xì)菌或藻類為主要食物的寡毛類, 如雙叉彈跳蟲H. bifurcate、大彈跳蟲H. grandinella、短列裂隙蟲R. brachykinetum、圓筒狀似鈴殼蟲T. cylindrata等, 這些種類在兩個(gè)區(qū)域均大量存在。但也有些種類空間分布差異明顯, 如銀灰膜袋蟲 C. glaucoma主要是敞水區(qū)優(yōu)勢(shì)種, 而趣尾毛蟲U. farcta、小裂隙蟲R. humile、奇異急游蟲S. mirabile等則主要出現(xiàn)在河口區(qū)水域。因此, 這些種類雖然在全球各種水體中廣泛分布, 但其優(yōu)勢(shì)度的不同則代表了湖泊水環(huán)境的異質(zhì)性[26]。

致謝:

感謝中國(guó)科學(xué)院太湖生態(tài)系統(tǒng)研究站提供太湖2009年7月理化數(shù)據(jù)。感謝李寬意、李珂、姚思鵬等協(xié)助采集樣品。

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COMMUNITY COMPOSITIONS AND HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION OF CILIATES IN LAKE TAIHU DURING THE CYANOBACTERIAL BLOOM IN SUMMER

LI Jing1,2, LU Wen-Xuan2, ZHANG Lei-Yan1and CHEN Fei-Zhou1
(1. State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; 2. Fisheries Research Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China)

In the present study, ciliate samples were collected from 10 sites in the estuary zones and 14 sites in the pelagic zones in the northern area of Lake Taihu in July 2009. The ciliate species and their horizontal distribution were analyzed with quantitative protargol stain (QPS) method. We also explored the relationship between the ciliate community compositions and the environmental variables. We observed 105 species that represented 60 genera, 15 orders and 3 classes. The numbers of the species in different order were counted and compared. Orders Haptorida (21 species) and Oligotrichida (20 species) ranked the first and second, followed by orders Prostomatida (12 species), Peritrichida (11 species), and Hypotrichida (11 species). These five orders were predominant in the samples, while less species belonged to the other ten orders —— Karyorelictida, Pleurostomatida, Colpodida, Nassulida, Cyrophorida, Suctoria, Hymenostomatida, Synhymeniida, Scuticociliatida, and Heterotrichida. Halteria bifurcate Tamar, H. grandinella Dujardin, Rimostrombidium brachykinetum Krainer, Tintinnopsis cylindrata Kofoid & Campbell and Cyclidium glaucoma Müller were the dominant species in both estuary (3.1%—12.3% in abundance) and pelagic (4.5%—18.1%) zones, followed by Urotricha farcta Claparède & Lachmann, Codonella cratera Leidy, R. humile Penard, Strombidium mirabile Penard, Tintinnidium pusillum Entz, Vorticella aquadulcis complex and V. campanula Ehrenberg. The abundance of ciliate was higher in the estuary zones than that in the pelagic zones, which fell in the range of 1600 to 80900 cells/L (average 31407 cells/L) and 1225 cells/L to 36000 cells/L (average 18618 cells/L), respectively. The biomass of ciliate showedthe same pattern which was 1322.6 μg/L and 543.6 μg/L on average in the estuary and pelagic zones, respectively. Neither the abundance nor the biomass of ciliates showed significant differences (P＞0.05). Among the functional feeding groups, bactivorous and algivorous ones were the most abundant in all the sites. With respect to the ciliate horizontal distribution pattern, both zones had similar dominant groups while ciliates in the estuary zones showed significantly higher biodiversity in Simpson’s index, Margalef’s index, Shannon’s index and species richness (P＜0.05). Our results showed that the algivorous group was barely affected by the accumulated algae, but bacterivorous assemblage was positively correlated with chlorophyll a content (P＜0.001). These results implied that potentially there was a close relationship between the horizontal heterogeneity of ciliate community structures and the extent of cyanobacterial blooms.

Cyanobacterial blooms; Ciliates; Quantitative protargol stain; Lake Taihu; Horizontal distribution

Q145+.2

A

1000-3207(2014)05-0860-08

附錄1 夏季北太湖檢出纖毛蟲種類
Appendix 1 Ciliate taxa found in summer Northern Lake Taihu

★中文名Chinese拉丁文名Latin豐度Abundance中文名Chinese拉丁文名Latin豐度Abundance動(dòng)基片綱 KINETOFRAGMINOPHORA 023鼻櫛毛蟲 D. nasutum +核殘跡目 Karyorelictida 024天鵝長(zhǎng)吻蟲 Lacrymaria olor + 001喙纖蟲 Loxodes + 025尖頂瓶口蟲 Lagynophrya acuminate +前口目 Prostomatida 026瓶口蟲屬 Lagynophrya spp. + 002浮游藤壺蟲 Balanion planctonicum + 027波多長(zhǎng)毛蟲 Longitricha puytoraci + 003袋座蟲屬 Bursellopsis spp. + 028小中溢蟲 Mesodinium acarus + 004毛板殼蟲 Coleps hirtus + 029單環(huán)櫛毛蟲 Monodinium alveolatum + 005*毛板殼蟲 C. hirtus (with symbiotic algae) + 030單環(huán)櫛毛蟲 Monodinium balbianii balbianii + 006裸口蟲 Holophrya + 031單環(huán)櫛毛蟲 M. balbianii rostratum + 007前管蟲屬 Prorodon + 032*葉綠單環(huán)櫛毛蟲 *M. chlorelligerum + 008尾毛蟲 Urotricha castalia + 033長(zhǎng)頸擬多核蟲 Paradileptus elephantinus + 009趣尾毛蟲 U. farcta ++** 034 *Pelagodileptus trachelioides + 010雙叉尾毛蟲 U. furcata + 側(cè)口目 Pleurostomatida 011敞水尾毛蟲 U. pelagica + 035漫游蟲一種 Litonotus sp. + 012 U. simonsbergeri + 036天鵝漫游蟲 L. cygnus + 013尾毛蟲屬 Urotricha spp. + 腎形目 Colpodida鉤刺目 Haptorida 037僧帽腎形蟲 Colpoda cucullus + 014輻射射纖蟲 Actinobolina radians + 038齒脊腎形蟲 C. steinii + 015*小射纖蟲 A. smalli + 039腎形蟲屬 Colpoda + 016頂口睥睨蟲 Askenasia acrostomia + 040黏液籃環(huán)蟲 Cyrtolophosis mucicola + 017*葉綠睥睨蟲 A. chlorelligera + 041擬斜管蟲屬 Chilodontopsis + 018團(tuán)睥睨蟲 A. volvox + 籃管目 Nassulida 019 Balantidion pellucidum + 042 Obertrumia aurea + 020 Belonophrya spp. + 管口目 Cyrophorida 021*綠色纓球蟲 Cyclotrichium viride + 043鉤刺斜管蟲 Chilodonella uncinata + 022*葉綠櫛毛蟲 Didinium chlorelligerum + 044斜管蟲屬 Chilodonella spp. +

★中文名Chinese拉丁文名Latin豐度Abundance中文名Chinese拉丁文名Latin豐度Abundance 045鐘形袋齒蟲 Phascolodon vorticella + 074 帶核喇叭蟲 S. roeseli +吸管目 Suctoria 盾纖目 Scuticociliatida 046 Gajewskajophrya + 寡毛目 Oligotrichida 047足吸管蟲 Podophrya + 075杯鈴殼蟲 Codonella cratera +** 048華麗十字吸管蟲 Staurophrya elegans + 076*雙叉彈跳蟲 Halteria bifurcata ++**寡膜綱 OLIGOHYMENOPHORA 077大彈跳蟲 H. grandinella ++**膜口目 Hymenostomatida 078邁色蟲屬 Meseres + 049 *Disematostoma buetschlii + 079*綠色游跳蟲 Pelagohalteria viridis + 050銀白前口蟲 Frontonia leucas + 080短列裂隙蟲 Rimostrombidium brachykinetum ++** 051瞬目蟲 Glaucoma + 081小裂隙蟲 R. humile +** 052尾草履蟲 Paramecium caudatum + 082透明裂隙蟲 R. hyalinum +合膜目 Synhymeniida 083湖泊裂隙蟲 R. lacustris + 053草履蟲屬 Paramecium + 084*帽形裂隙蟲 R. velox + 054珍珠映毛蟲 Cinetochilum margaritaceum + 085擬盜蟲 Strombidinopsis chilorhax + 055膜袋蟲一種 Cyclidium cf. C. elongatum + 086奇異急游蟲 Strombidium mirabile +** 056銀灰膜袋蟲 C. glaucoma ++** 087浮游急游蟲 S. pelagicum + 057膜袋蟲一種 Cyclidium cf. C. versatile + 088綠急游蟲 S. viride +緣毛目 Peritrichida 089短促筒殼蟲 Tintinnidium ephemeridum + 058靴纖蟲一種 Cothurnia（cf. C. annulata） + 090淡水筒殼蟲 T. fluviatile + 059無(wú)穢累枝蟲 Epistylis anastatica + 091小筒殼蟲 T. pusillum +** 060平鋪累枝蟲 E. procumbens + 092筒殼蟲一種 Tintinnidium sp. + 061累枝蟲 E. pygmaeum + 093圓筒狀似鈴殼蟲 Tintinnopsis cylindrata ++** 062后游蟲屬 Opisthonecta + 094似鈴殼蟲一種 Tintinnopsis sp. + 063水生鐘蟲 Vorticella aquadulcis complex +** 腹毛目 Hypotrichida 064鐘形鐘蟲 V. campanula +**095 穆氏鬃毛蟲 Chaetospira muelleri + 065*綠鐘蟲 V. chlorellata + 096盤狀游仆蟲 Euplotes patella + 066游泳鐘蟲 V. natans + 097錐狀腹毛蟲 Hypotrichidium conicum + 067春鐘蟲 V. vernalis + 098*葉綠尖毛蟲 Oxitricha chlorelligera + 068鐘蟲屬 Vorticella spp. + 099尖毛蟲屬 Oxytricha +多膜綱 POLYHYMENOPHORA 100浮游偽急游蟲 Pseudostrombidium planctonticum +異毛目 Heterotrichida 101 Spiretella plancticola + 069 Bursaridium pseudobursaria + 102排毛蟲屬 Stichotricha + 070 Linostomella vorticella + 103片尾蟲屬 Urosoma + 071紫晶喇叭蟲 Stentor amethystinus + 104尾枝蟲屬 Urostyla + 072天藍(lán)喇叭蟲 S. coeruleus + 105腹毛種1 + 073多態(tài)喇叭蟲？ Stentor cf. S. polymorphus +屬數(shù)Genus number 60種類數(shù)Species number 105

10.7541/2014.129

2013-08-08;

2014-02-27

國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(31170440和41271523); 安徽省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院科技創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)建設(shè)(11C0505); 安徽省農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院院長(zhǎng)青年創(chuàng)新基金(13B0528)資助

李靜(1985—), 女, 河南商丘人; 博士; 主要研究方向?yàn)楹锤∮蝿?dòng)物生態(tài)學(xué)。E-mail: LJLJ278@126.com

陳非洲, E-mail: feizhch@niglas.ac.cn

(續(xù)附表)