完形填空中切勿用中式思維代替原句表達(dá)

黃麗

每次考完后，我向?qū)W生了解做題出錯(cuò)的的原因，聽(tīng)到最多的回答就是：文章和選項(xiàng)我都看懂了呀，可是不知道為什么還是錯(cuò)了那么多？！筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)造成這一結(jié)局的主要原因是：學(xué)生在理解的過(guò)程中，用中式思維代替了英語(yǔ)句子的固定表達(dá)！

錯(cuò)誤表現(xiàn)

1.（2008廣東）These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows sick and pale and has changed so much that it is almost

24 to the parents.

A. uncomfortable B. unbelievable

C. unacceptable D. unrecognizable

解析：句中的it指代the baby。即：the baby is unrecognizable. 但學(xué)生的主觀想法是：“孩子病得很?chē)?yán)重，面色蒼白，這讓父母難以接受?！惫识xC。如果這樣的話，這個(gè)句子應(yīng)該是這樣表達(dá)：...whose baby grows sick and pale and has changed much， which is almost unacceptable for the parents. 即：無(wú)法接受的是前面提到的the fact；無(wú)法辨認(rèn)的是the baby。

2.（2010廣東）When I first came to America， I noticed that a public building had two different doors and they had distinct functions... This was new to me， because we use the same door in South Korea... The way of using school bus doors was also

6 to me. I used to take the school bus to classes. The school decided that ...

A. annoying B. hard C. satisfying D. strange

解析：從此空前面的語(yǔ)篇提示詞also我們就應(yīng)該看出此句和上句“This was new to me”是對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，與new 對(duì)應(yīng)的近義詞應(yīng)是strange，故選D。但有學(xué)生卻偏偏選了B項(xiàng)。假如用hard的話，此句應(yīng)該這樣表達(dá)：Its hard for me to get used to the way of using school bus doors.

3.（2013廣州調(diào)研）You have to be brave and apologize to her in person. If youre lucky， she might accept it at once. ...Get your shared friends to help if your first attempt has been 9 .But dont give up！

A. offensive B. surprising

C. unsuccessful D. unacceptable

解析：有的學(xué)生對(duì)于此空的主觀分析是：如果你的第一次道歉沒(méi)被接受，找你們共同的朋友幫一下忙。結(jié)果誤選了D。如果要表達(dá)此意，英語(yǔ)應(yīng)說(shuō)：Get your shared friends to help if your first apology has been unacceptable。而此空前面的attempt是和unsuccessful搭配的，即：嘗試沒(méi)有成功。故選C。

4.（2012華附）If a snake came on the television screen， Id have to close my eyes or leave the room. It sounds sad and unreasonable， but just 4 about the shiny， slippery creatures made me tremble.

A. discussing B. learning C. hearing D. thinking

解析：本文描述了作者開(kāi)始時(shí)對(duì)蛇的極度害怕。對(duì)于此空學(xué)生的思維是這樣的：一聽(tīng)到蛇我就嚇得發(fā)抖。因此毫不猶豫地選了C選項(xiàng)。但假如是那樣的話，hear之后的賓語(yǔ)就應(yīng)該是the word “snake”。而本空后面的 “shiny發(fā)亮的；slippery光滑的” 屬于視覺(jué)上的印象，與hear是不搭配的。而有著這一印象的當(dāng)然是“想到”這一情景，即D選項(xiàng)。很明顯此空選錯(cuò)的考生仍然是用自己的中式思維理解代替了原句的英文表達(dá)。

5.（2013佛山二模）Researchers in Germany phoned people at home and asked them to toss（投擲） a coin. There was a strong financial incentive（刺激）to lie about the result： if the coin landed tails-up， the participants would receive money， while if the coin landed heads-up， they would get nothing. Because they were on the phone， they knew there was no 5 of getting caught if they lied.endprint

A. idea B. need C. evidence D. risk

解析：當(dāng)年不少考生選了C項(xiàng)。他們的理解基本符合原意，即：因?yàn)樗麄兪窃诩依铮ㄟ^(guò)電話調(diào)查，因此即使撒謊，也沒(méi)有被抓的證據(jù)。但如果是這樣的話，evidence之后應(yīng)該接一個(gè)不定式作后置定語(yǔ)，即：there was no evidence to show they were lying，而此空后面的后置定語(yǔ)是一個(gè)of短語(yǔ)，即：被抓的“風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”，故選D。同樣的漢語(yǔ)意思，用英語(yǔ)則有不同的表達(dá)。因此，如果僅根據(jù)自己的理解忽視詞匯的慣用法難免會(huì)出錯(cuò)。

6.（雙語(yǔ)報(bào)高三）Mom sacrificed for us her whole life， and we want to help her age with dignity， as 15 as possible.

A. briefly B. gracefully C. particularly D. mildly

解析：有的學(xué)生誤選D，他們主觀認(rèn)為：母親年老了，我們應(yīng)該mildly對(duì)待她。如果那樣的話，它的整句表達(dá)應(yīng)該是：As her ages，we want to treat her mildly. 而本句的結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)是：help her age（vi. 變老）as gracefully as possible，幫助她盡可能優(yōu)雅地老去。之所以選gracefully取決于前半句with dignity，即與“有尊嚴(yán)地老去”表達(dá)相同的意思。

7.（高三練習(xí)） There once was a King who offered a prize to the artist who would paint the best picture of peace. Many artists tried. The King looked at all the pictures， but there were only two he 2 liked and he had to choose between them.

A. probably B. generally C. really D. finally

解析：正確答案是C，但很多學(xué)生選D。認(rèn)為是“最后有兩副要選”。那如果是這樣的話，這個(gè)句子應(yīng)該是這樣表達(dá)：Finally there were only two he really liked and he had to choose between them. 而此空是修飾liked的，即really liked：非常喜歡。因此要牢記，英語(yǔ)句式注重形式的統(tǒng)一，不能用自己的主觀意思代替原句的表達(dá)。

從平時(shí)的習(xí)題中我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，考生對(duì)有些文章確實(shí)如他們自己所說(shuō)是理解了，但是在這個(gè)深加工的過(guò)程中又往往置單詞的習(xí)慣用法、英語(yǔ)句式的搭配于不顧，憑自己的理解而加以選擇，這正是他們做題正確率不高的根本原因。

強(qiáng)化練習(xí)

以下是近年各地市高考題、模擬題中節(jié)選的完形填空改編題，采用無(wú)選項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練法，即要求大家在沒(méi)有選項(xiàng)的情況下對(duì)空缺處進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充。目的是通過(guò)在填詞的過(guò)程中訓(xùn)練在具體的語(yǔ)境下運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)或慣用法進(jìn)行英式思維的表達(dá)。

1. How good is a humans number sense？ Its not very good. For example， babies about fourteen months old almost always notice if something is taken away from a __________ group. But when the number goes beyond three or four， the children are often fooled.

2. In the special class， intelligent children showed little ability to use their own judgment， relying __________ on their teachers directions. In the regular class，having no worry about keeping up，they began to reflect __________ on many problems，some of which were not on the school program.

3. On April 12， 1888， Alfred Nobels brother Ludwig died of heart attack. A major French newspaper __________ his brother for him and carried an article announcing the death of Nobel.

4. Rules often tell us what is right or wrong. Rules can help the public make the right __________， and remain safe. Car drivers have to obey traffic regulations that tell them the right things to do on the road to avoid crashes. Cyclists who give signals before turning or stopping help prevent __________.

5. Johnny turned and saw that he had grown a new， stronger tail. He suddenly realised how __________ it had been to waste so much time on a problem for which there was no __________. Johnny turned back and headed for home.endprint

6. Anger is just one letter short of danger — it seems to be as __________ in English as well as in practice. In fact， those who are easy to get angry are in greater physical __________ than those who smoke or have high blood pressure.

7. When I was 17， I read a quote that went something like： “If you live each day as if it was your last， some day youll most certainly be right.” It made an __________ on me， and since then， for the past 33 years， I have looked in the mirror every __________ and asked myself： “If today were the last day of my life， would I want to do what I am about to do today？”

8. Television advertising of food often uses __________. Apparently， food looks especially appetizing if it moves. Chocolate sauce looks much more __________ when you see it being poured over ice cream than it does just sitting in a jar.

9. Massive Open Online Courses are also called MOOCs. Tens of thousands， or even more people can __________ these classes all at once. You can be anywhere in the world to take a MOOC. All you need is a __________ and a network connection.

10. Several hours later， she told a reporter， “Look， Im not __________ myself， but if I could have seen land， I might have made it.” It was not tiredness or even the cold winter that defeated her. It was the fog. She was __________ to see her goal.

11. The rebels first beat the two officers， __________ them half dead. Then， one by one， they killed eighteen of the sleeping crew and tied up seven others to drive the ship.

12. We had all gone into the markets of the city so that the young people could experience its energy. But what we actually saw simply __________ us all - the rundown houses， the children in rags， the people begging for __________. Walking home， passing under a low bridge， we came across entire families of __________ people seeking a bit of dry ground to __________ on for the night. We had to step over bodies as we found our way through the darkness.

13. Dear son， I want to thank you for teaching me a very __________ lesson in life by the great example you __________. When we were eating at that café in Bondi and a person who had __________ his hamburger didnt have enough money to pay for it， without any __________， you went over and put the __________ ￥2 into his hand.

14. The story __________ us to clothe ourselves with “compassion， kindness， modesty， gentleness and patience”. Then “over all of these put on love， which bonds them in perfect unity”. Regardless of how __________ we may otherwise be， it is these clothes that will determine our __________ beauty.endprint

15. A new study suggests that calling attention to the print — the words and letters on the page — may lead to __________ readers. The two-year study __________ children aged 3 to 5 who were regularly read to this way in class with children who were not. In all， over three hundred students， who were considered to be at serious risk of __________ reading problems in future life， were __________ in a classroom setting. After reviewing the recorded lessons， the researchers found that those students whose teachers most often discussed the print showed clearly __________ skills in reading and understanding.

參考答案

1. small 2. heavily； voluntarily 3. mistook 4. choices / decisions； accidents 5. silly / stupid； solution 6. true； danger 7. impression； morning 8. movement； delicious 9. take； computer 10. excusing； unable 11. leaving 12. shocked/surprised/astonished； money； homeless； sleep 13. valuable； set； ordered； hesitation； extra 14. teaches； good-looking； actual/inner 15. better； compared；developing； observed； higher

（作者單位：開(kāi)平市開(kāi)僑中學(xué)）

責(zé)任編校 蔣小青endprint