解答完形填空的三大策略導(dǎo)練

蒙杏菊

詞語同現(xiàn)、詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)和邏輯推理是解答完形填空的三大策略，領(lǐng)會(huì)和掌握這三大策略對(duì)提高完形填空的解題速度和準(zhǔn)確率都大有裨益。

一、詞語同現(xiàn)

詞語同現(xiàn)是指意義上相關(guān)的詞匯有可能出現(xiàn)在同一語篇中，構(gòu)成以某一話題為中心的詞匯鏈，也有人稱之為語義場(chǎng)。

[例1]A man was trying to take a photo of a crow（烏鴉）that had a nest in a tower， but the crow always left when she saw his coming. The bird did not ________until the man left the tower.

A. relax B. recover C. react D. return

解析：return與left相對(duì)，“離開”“返回”這兩者屬于詞語同現(xiàn)，故選D。

二、詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)

詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)指某一個(gè)詞以原詞、同根詞、同義詞、反義詞（如wrong與not correct ）、上義詞、下義詞等方式重復(fù)出現(xiàn)在語篇中，語篇中的句意就是通過這種復(fù)現(xiàn)關(guān)系達(dá)到相互銜接的。如：

[例2]Fore example， many birds have good number sense... Another interesting experiment showed a birds ________

number sense.

A. amazing B. annoying C. satisfying D. disturbing

解析：選項(xiàng)中的“amazing （令人驚異的）”與上文中“good number sense（良好的數(shù)字感）”中的good相對(duì)應(yīng)，屬近義復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選A。

[例3]Number sense is not the ability to count. It is the ability to recognize a change in number...It seems that number sense is something we have in common with many animals in this world， and that our human ________ is not much better than a crows.

A. sight B. nature C. ability D. belief

解析：與上文中number sense ability “數(shù)字感知能力” 中ability是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選C。

三、邏輯推理

在做完形填空時(shí)許多考生都會(huì)有這樣的經(jīng)歷，即使他們對(duì)選項(xiàng)當(dāng)中的每個(gè)詞的意思都非常清楚，但得分不高。因?yàn)橥晷翁羁湛疾榈氖且环N綜合能力，不僅是對(duì)詞匯的考查，對(duì)句子之間和上下文之間邏輯關(guān)系的推斷也是完形填空考查的重點(diǎn)。其中邏輯關(guān)系主要包括因果關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、對(duì)比關(guān)系、并列關(guān)系等。

[例4]If a nest has four eggs and you remove one， the bird will not notice. However， if you remove two， the bird generally leaves. This means that the bird knows the ________between two and three.

A. distance B. range C. difference D. interval

解析：通過對(duì)上文兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)的對(duì)比，“從四個(gè)蛋中拿走一個(gè)，鳥兒不會(huì)注意到”和“從四個(gè)蛋中拿走兩個(gè)，鳥兒就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)”可推斷出鳥兒能知道“一”和“二”的區(qū)別，故選C。

[例5]For example， babies about fourteen months old almost always notice if something is taken away from ________group. But when the number goes beyond three or four， the children are often fooled.

A. single B. small C. local D. new

解析：從表轉(zhuǎn)折的連詞But可知，上句和下句之間是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，下句提到“當(dāng)數(shù)量超過三和四時(shí)，孩子就往往被愚弄”，換句話說“數(shù)量較少時(shí)，孩子就不會(huì)注意到了”，故選B。

【實(shí)踐演練】

1.（2013全國）Michael Greenberg is a very popular New Yorker. He is not famous in sports or the arts. But people in the streets ________ him，especially those who are poor.

A. know about B. learn from C. cheer for D. look after

2.（2013全國）He looks like any other businessman， wearing a suit and carrying a briefcase（公文箱）. But hes ________. His briefcase always has some gloves.

A. calm B. different C. crazy D. curiousendprint

3.（2013全國）A pair of gloves may be a ________thing，but it can make a big difference in winter.

A. small B. useful C. delightful D. comforting

4.（2013全國）In winter， Mr. Greenberg does not ________ like other New Yorkers， who look at the sidewalk and hurry down the street.

A. act B. sound C. feel D. dress

5.（2013全國）It runs in the________. Michaels father always helped the poor as he believed it made everyone happier.

A. city B. family C. neighborhood D. company

6.（2013天津）His hands tell the story of his life as a ________， including all his struggle... On one of those hot mornings I was picking sweet corn with my dad to fill the last order from the grocery.

A. teacher B. gardener C. farmer D. grocer

7.（2013天津）His loving and selfless nature has inspired me to become more sympathetic and ________， putting others first.

A. careful B. regretful C. considerate D. humorous

8.（2013天津）When Joe was about to start school， all signs pointed to success. Yet things turned out to be quite _______.

A. unfair B. boring C. disappointing D. dangerous

9.（2013重慶）On that afternoon， as the math teacher started to introduce difficult concepts， dark clouds covered the sky， and the storm set in... Soon math time was followed by the time for ________. All children naturally drew ________pictures on such a day.

A. class B. sports C. art D. tea

A. great B. dark C. different D. strange

10.（2013山東）I think my change started when I was at Palomar College. At first， I just wanted to get my ________ and be left alone.

A. balance B. homework C. degree D. interest

11.（2013山東）By the end of my first semester， I was really ________. It seemed as if everyone but me had made friends and was having fun.

A. careful B. lonely C. curious D. guilty

12.（2013山東）When she died， I was ________， but I was also very grateful to her.

A. homeless B. heartbroken C. bad-tempered D. hopeless

13.（2013湖南）When I was 8 years old， I once decided to run away from home. With my suitcase ________ and some sandwiches in a bag， I started for the front door and said to Mom， “Im leaving.” “If you want to ________， thats all right，” she said.

A. packed B. returned C. cleaned D. repaired

A. drop out B. go by C. move around D. run away

14.（2013湖南） “Wait a minute，” Mom said. “I want your ________ back. You didnt wear anything when you arrived.” This really angered me. I tore my clothes off - shoes， socks， underwear and all...endprint

A. bag B. clothes C. sandwiches D. suitcase

15.（2013湖南）I dashed to the front door and banged on it loudly. “Whos there？” I heard. “Its Billy！ Let me in！” The voice behind the ________ answered， “Billy doesnt live here anymore. He ran away from home.”

A. house B. tree C. door D. yard

16.（2013江蘇）That was why she was alone on the ________， wearing an expensive swimsuit. It had taken a massive tantrum（大發(fā)脾氣） to get her parents to buy it. They were back at the beach-house...

A. beach B. bed C. floor D. ship

17.（2013遼寧）...and all of a sudden she saw an amazing ________. There on the other side of the valley was a little house and its windows were golden.

A. hill B. valley C. background D. sight

18.（2013四川）There， I met 14-year-old Stephanie， whose burns are a lot more serious than mine. But she is so ________ that she never lets anyone put her down.

A. honest B. strong C. active D. young

19.（2013陜西）We ordered hamburgers and Coca Cola at the counter. When our ________ came， I started walking towards an empty table.

A. food B. turn C. bill D. menu

20.（2013安徽）Becoming fluent in a language will take years， but learning to get by （湊合，過得去） takes ________.

A. some risks B. a lot less C. some notes D. a lot more

參考答案與解析

1. A 邏輯推理。從上文可知“Greenberg是一個(gè)很受歡迎的人”，可推斷“街上的人都認(rèn)識(shí)他”。故選A。

2. B 邏輯推理。上文提到“他像其他商人一樣，穿著西裝，帶著公文箱”，但是“公文箱里總是裝著幾雙手套”，由此可推出他是不一樣的。故選B。

3. A 邏輯推理。由線索詞but推出，這里應(yīng)選與下文big相對(duì)應(yīng)的small。故選A。

4. A上下義復(fù)現(xiàn)。由下文look at the sidewalk和 hurry down the street可知，look和hurry屬于個(gè)人的行為表現(xiàn)， 故選A，act和look、hurry是上下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。

5. B上下義復(fù)現(xiàn)。選項(xiàng)中family是下文中提到Michaels father的上義詞，即上下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選B。

6. C邏輯推理。由下文的場(chǎng)景“picking sweet corn”可知，爸爸是一個(gè)農(nóng)民，故選C。

7. C詞語同現(xiàn)。與sympathetic（同情的）和putting others first可能同時(shí)出現(xiàn)的應(yīng)是considerate（體貼的），故選C。

8. C 邏輯推理，由表示轉(zhuǎn)折的yet推出，選項(xiàng)中disappointing與上文success相對(duì)應(yīng)，故選C。

9. 前空選C，詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)。下文中提到的“drew picture”與選項(xiàng)中的“art”屬于詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選C。

后空選B，邏輯推理/原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。上文中的場(chǎng)景提到“dark clouds covered the sky， and the storm set in”，在這樣天氣，孩子自然而然地會(huì)畫出暗淡的圖畫。故選B。dark也是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。

10. C 詞語同現(xiàn)。由上文的場(chǎng)景at Palomar College可知，我只想取得自己的學(xué)位，詞語同現(xiàn)。故選C。

11. B 邏輯推理。由下文可知，除了我之外，每個(gè)人都交上了朋友并玩得很開心，由此可推出我沒有交上朋友，可見我是孤獨(dú)的，故選B。

12. B 詞語同現(xiàn)。上文提到的“die”與選項(xiàng)中的“heartbroken”詞語同現(xiàn)，故選B。

13. 前空選A，邏輯推理。由語境“run away from home”可知，我離家出走，肯定要打包行李。故選A。

后空選B，詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)。上文提到“run away”，本空格屬于詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選D。

14. B 原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。下文提到“clothes”，本空格屬于詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選B。

15. C 原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。上文提到了“door”有人敲門，接著就是門后的人回答，本空格屬于詞語復(fù)現(xiàn)。故選C。

16. A 詞語同現(xiàn)。與下文所提到的“swimsuit”和“beach-house”同現(xiàn)的選項(xiàng)應(yīng)是“beach”，故選A。

17. D 上下義復(fù)現(xiàn)。選項(xiàng)當(dāng)中的“sight”是下文提到的“valley”“house”“windows”的上義詞，即是上下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選D。

18. B 邏輯推理。由下文提到“she never lets anyone put her down”，可推出Stephanie很堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，故選B。

19. A 上下義復(fù)現(xiàn)。選項(xiàng)中的“food”是上文提到的“hamburgers”和“Coca Cola”的上義詞，即是上下義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選A。

20. B 邏輯推理。由轉(zhuǎn)折詞but推出，選項(xiàng)中的“a lot less”與上文提到的“take years”相對(duì)應(yīng)，故選B。

（作者單位：佛山市南海區(qū)羅村高級(jí)中學(xué)）

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