巧用上下文線索解答完形填空

藍裕勤

完形填空是一種既要求有較強的閱讀理解能力，又要有扎實的語法、詞匯和文化知識積累，是一種全面考查考生語言運用能力的題型。根據多年的教學經驗，談談巧用上下文線索解答完形填空題。

技巧一：巧用空格附近的連詞和副詞線索解題。

在完形填空題中，有些句子含有表示并列、轉折、因果關系或對比等意思的連詞、副詞、短語副詞，如and， or， but， because， though， although， instead， however， on the contrary， otherwise等，我們可利用這些詞所提示的前后關系來解題。請看以下各題：

1. So whether its winter clothes， food for the hungry， or homes for______ pets， doing volunteer work means one very important thing： You make a difference in the world.

A. beloved B. deserted

C. treated D. grown-up

解析：答案選B。巧用了空格附近的連詞or， 因or前面food對應hungry，那么or后面的homes對應的應是deserted （被人所棄的，即沒有了家的）。

2. I played a racquet ball game against my cousin Ed last week. It was one of the most and tiring games Ive ever had... （全國卷）

A. encouraging B. hopeless

C. surprising D. regular

解析：答案選B。巧用了空格附近的連詞and ，因and后面的詞是tiring，和tiring并列的應是B。

3. So the slave was pardoned and _____.

A. killed B. rich

C. happy D. freed

解析：答案選D。巧用了空格附近的連詞and ，因and前面的詞是pardoned（原諒）， 和它并列的應是D（freed釋放）。

4. My fathers student might come in and tell me I shouldnt be playing with his office things. But my father always stood up and said easily， “oh. no its ______ .”

A. fine B. strange

C. terrible D. funny

解析：答案選 A。當父親的學生認為“我”不應該玩他辦公室里的東西時，父親卻總是輕松地表示沒有關系。巧用了空格前面的句子以及它附近的轉折連詞but，所以很明顯答案是A：fine。

技巧二：巧用前后照應線索， 即前后呼應法解題。

尋找上下文是否有相同、相近或者相對立意思的提示詞。做完形填空時，要始終抓住文章本身，聯系“雙語境”來判斷，即大語境——全文中心和基調，小語境——空格前后句子所構成的語境；再根據前有伏筆后有呼應的思路來做題。如：

I found a birthday card and dropped the old lady a short note， wishing her a happy birthday.

Three days later， someone knocked at my front door. Opening the door I found a middle-aged man standing on my doorstep. He introduced himself as the 1 of the woman to whom I had sent the 2 . He explained that he just wanted to be here in person and thank me for sending such a nice card to his mom...

She passed away two months ago. Though I never met this lady， I did hope that my few 3 notes were enough to brighten a couple of her days here on earth.

1. A. husband B. doctor

C. student D. son

2. A. gift B. money

C. card D. idea

3. A. long B. useless

C. difficult D. little

解析：

1. 選D。因為下文有to his mom. 來呼應。巧用了前后照應線索來解題。

2. 選C。因為下文有a nice card to 來呼應。巧用了前后照應線索來解題。

3. 選D。因為上文有a short note 來呼應。巧用了前后照應線索來解題。

技巧三：用原詞、同義詞復現法解題。

詞語復現是英語中常見的一種現象。在完形填空題中，同義詞或同義短語的位置多半比較靠近，很容易找到，所以同義復現法是很好的解題技巧。結合常識和語境，進行簡單推理，即可找到正確選項。endprint

1. The simplest way to say it is this： I believe in my mother. My 1 began when I was just a kid.

A. promise B. work

C. education D. belief

解析：選D。因為上文出現了同根詞believe，所以選belief。這里用了同根詞復現的方法。

2. A poet once said，“we look at life once， in childhood； the rest is _____ ”. And I think it is not only what we “l(fā)ook at once， in childhood” that determines our memories， but who， in that childhood， look at us.

A. memory B. wealth

C. experience D. practice

解析：選A。因為下文復現了memories，這里用了原詞復現的方法。作者認為不僅是我們童年所看到的事物決定了我們的記憶，而且還包括那時關愛我們的人。所以詩人所說的“the rest”就應該是memory與下一句的“determines our memories”相呼應。

技巧四：巧用具體示例線索法解題。

根據文章中所提供的具體實例進行分析，將與具體示例有關的信息進行優(yōu)選，將與具體示例無關的信息進行排除，從而得出所需答案。

Every student must wear their 1 when they are at school. There are 2 items of uniforms： suits， dresses， shorts， skirts and T-shirts. There are also Wasley schoolbags， caps and socks.

1. A. long hair B. thick glasses

C. sports shoes D. school uniforms

2. A. much B. three

C. many D. seven

解析：

1答案選D。因為下文有at school 和uniforms，uniforms是原詞復現。

2.答案選C。因為下句提供了很多具體例子，有suits， dresses，shorts，skirts and T-shirts，所以選C. many。

技巧五：巧用邏輯推理線索解題。

任何一篇文章中的句子在內容上都不是絕對孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有關。根據上下文的某些句子或者某些詞和空格所在的句子的邏輯關系，利用上下文提供的情景和線索，進行合乎邏輯的綜合分析進而推斷出正確選項，是做完形填空過程中的常用技巧。

1. Well，this morning I was thinking of all the visits I had paid to that cafe over the years and out of _____， I surfed the Internet for it.

A. activity B. possibility

C. ability D. curiosity

解析：選D。因為按照邏輯，作者之所以上網去查找，是因為出于好奇。

2. When the papers were______，she discovered that twelve boys had made exactly the same mistakes throughout the test.

A. examined B. completed

C. marked D. answered

解析：選C 。因為按照邏輯，只有老師批改完試卷后，才能發(fā)現12位男生犯了完全一樣的錯誤。

鞏固練習

一、單句練習 利用以上技巧選出最恰當的選項，然后指出你所用到的解題技巧。

1. But we ran so much that， afterwards， we had trouble________.

A. speaking B. sleeping

C. breathing D. moving

2.“Take a bite of each one. See if that helps you decide which one is which.” He took ________， and then a huge smile came across his face.

A. big bites B. deep breaths

C. a firm hold D. a close look

3. They ________potatoes in different ways： they can boil them and fry them.

A. cook B. eat

C. make D. take

4. Many Africans are very ________so they cant afford to eat much meat with their cereal.endprint

A. healthy B. poor

C. rich D. week

5. At that moment， I realized that the people there were having a nice conversation with their machines， not with people. They were more interested in having a relationship with the________， particularly Steve.

A. computer B. soul

C. shop D. friend

6. These floating things are very________. It is hard to see them.

A. big B. fat

C. tinny D. dangerous

7. The inside of the earth is very________. The rock has melted like ice.

A. deep B. cold

C. hard D. hot

8. Waiting above the crowded streets， on top of a building 110 stories high， was Philippe Petit. This daring Frenchman was about to ________ a tightrope （繃索） between the two towers of the World Trade Center.

A. throw B. walk

C. climb D. fix

9. My wife and I have two children， and Id like to think we are bringing them up in the same way Dad ________me.

A. controlled B. comforted

C. reminded D. raised

二、段落練習 利用以上解題技巧選出最恰當的選項，然后指出你所用到的解題技巧。

（一）

A formal letter is very different from an informal letter. Formal letters are written to businesses， schools or government offices. 1 letters are for relatives， or former teachers. You may write an informal letter by hand， but you should 2 a formal letter.

1. A. Informal B. Formal

C. Business D. Relative

2. A. copy B. type

C. write D. share

（二）

It was a strange noise that made the man 3 his car soon after he left a village for London. He got out of his car and

4 the wheels（車輪）carefully，but as he found nothing

5 he continued his way.

3. A. start B. stop

C. slow D. speed

4. A. repaired B. examined

C. cleaned D. looked

5. A. wrong B. danger

C. interesting D. matter

（三）

My cousin John is a university student. He has just returned from Italy. Before he left he said he would be back very soon. “I am not rich enough to stay there longer than a week，” he told me frankly. But by the time he returned， he had 6 in Italy for two months.

“How did you manage to stay in Italy for such a 7

time？”I asked him.

John smiled，“I gave ___8___lessons to a hotel manager，” he said，“and in return he make me stay in his hotel for free.

“ So can he speak English well now？”...

6. A. lived B. studied

C. stayed D. worked

7. A. good B. niceendprint

C. hard D. long

8. A. English B. French

C. Italian D. German

參考答案與解析

一、單句練習

1. C 巧用了邏輯推理的方法。由ran so much可推出呼吸困難，故選C。

2. A 巧用了原詞復現的方法。上文中出現了bite 一詞。

3. A 巧用了具體示例線索的方法。下文中出現了boil them和fry them，這些具體的例子。

4. B 巧用了邏輯推理的方法。由下文的so they cant afford to eat much meat 可推出他們非常貧困，故選B。

5. A 巧用了具體示例線索的方法。上文中出現了their machines，而computer是machines的其中一種，故選A。

6. C 巧用了邏輯推理的方法。由下文的It is hard to see them.可推出他們非常小，故選C。

7. D 巧用了邏輯推理的方法。由下文的The rock has melted like ice.可推出地球的內核非常熱，故選D。

8. B 巧用了邏輯推理的方法。由下文的a tightrope （繃索） between the two towers of the World Trade Center.可推出他準備在繃索上行走，故選B。

9. D 巧用了同義詞復現的方法。上文中出現了bringing up詞組，故應選它的同義詞 raised。

二、段落練習

1. A 巧用了邏輯推理的方法。由上文的Formal letters are written to businesses， schools or government offices.故推出寫給親戚朋友的信就是不正規(guī)的。

2. B 巧用空格前面的轉折連詞but線索解題。You may write an informal letter by hand， but...故選type。

3. B 巧用了邏輯推理的方法。由上文的a strange noise，推斷出選stop.停下來檢查。

4. B 巧用了邏輯推理的方法。由上文的a strange noise and stop，推斷出選examined， 停下來檢查。

5. A 巧用空格后面的轉折連詞but線索解題。由下文的but as he found nothing____，he continued his way， 推斷出選wrong。

6. C 巧用了原詞復現的方法。上文中出現了... to stay there longer than a week，故應選它的詞 stay 原詞。

7. D 巧用了邏輯推理的方法。上文中說...I am not rich enough to stay there longer than a week，而實際上in Italy for two months，故選long。

8. A 巧用了原詞復現的方法。下文中出現了“ So can he speak English well now？”，故應選它的原詞 English。

考生要提高完形填空的解題水平，除了掌握上面介紹的方法技巧外，在平時的學習實踐中，要有計劃、有目的地加強閱讀、提高速度，學會對文章內容進行邏輯推斷，既要看懂表層意思，更要理解深層次的含義。解題要限時，做后要分析，運用正確的解題方法與技巧，解答完形填空的水平就能得到提高。

（作者單位：佛山市南海石門中學）

責任編校 蔣小青endprint