巧用虛擬語(yǔ)氣提高作文檔次

虛擬語(yǔ)氣是英語(yǔ)里的一個(gè)語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象，它表示說(shuō)的話不是事實(shí)，或是不可能發(fā)生的情況或難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的主觀愿望，抑或是建議假設(shè)的語(yǔ)氣。

正因?yàn)樘摂M語(yǔ)氣的這種非“真實(shí)性”，很容易被一些考生所忽略。事實(shí)上，虛擬語(yǔ)氣是廣東高考英語(yǔ)的一個(gè)重要考點(diǎn)，在近高考的語(yǔ)法填空中考查過(guò)一次（2012年第17題），在高考寫(xiě)作中考查了兩次。因此，靈活運(yùn)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣不但可以提高語(yǔ)法填空的分?jǐn)?shù)，而且還可以提高作文檔次。

[例1] 2009年廣東高考讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)

假如你處在那些動(dòng)物的處境， 你會(huì)有什么反應(yīng)。

在本要點(diǎn)中考查到了虛擬語(yǔ)氣，此要點(diǎn)可表達(dá)如下：

If I were in the same position as the animals in the zoo， I would be strongly against being photographed. Not having peaceful surroundings to sleep in，I would feel rather tired and annoyed.

不過(guò)，很遺憾，當(dāng)年不少考生卻沒(méi)能用到虛擬語(yǔ)氣，而是誤用了一般的陳述語(yǔ)氣。寫(xiě)成：If I am in the same situation as the animals， I will definitely feel irritated. 這就暴露了有的考生還不會(huì)運(yùn)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，甚至還沒(méi)真正掌握這種語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象。

[例2] 2013年廣東高考讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)

假如沒(méi)有清潔工，環(huán)境會(huì)變得如何？

寫(xiě)作此要點(diǎn)時(shí)虛擬語(yǔ)氣又派上了用場(chǎng)，該要點(diǎn)可表達(dá)如下：

If there were no cleaners in the world， we would undoubtedly live in a messy， dirty and smelly environment， which would badly affect our health.

然而，令我們大多數(shù)高考閱卷老師失望的是，能在此處用上且用對(duì)虛擬語(yǔ)氣的考生，可謂鳳毛麟角。

由上述兩次高考作文可知，虛擬語(yǔ)氣在高考寫(xiě)作中大有“用武之地”，運(yùn)用得當(dāng)，可以為作文增值。那么，考生如何才能在作文中運(yùn)用好虛擬語(yǔ)氣呢？筆者建議，除了掌握虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基本用法外，也要有意識(shí)地背誦和積累與之相關(guān)的實(shí)用句型，以便日后服務(wù)于寫(xiě)作。請(qǐng)看以下的句子：

1. My teacher advised me to put my heart into my studies. 老師建議我潛心學(xué)習(xí)。

2. It is time for them to go out for relaxation. 是他們外出放松一下的時(shí)候了。

3. It is necessary for a teacher to have a thorough knowledge of the subject he teaches. 教師必須對(duì)他所任教的科目有個(gè)全面的了解。

4. I regret wasting so much time on meaningless things. 我后悔花這么多時(shí)間做無(wú)意義的事情了。

5. My head teacher treats me very well. 我的班主任對(duì)我很好。

6. I want you to stay a little longer. 我想你多逗一會(huì)。

7. He had meant to go to the cinema with you， but one of his friends came to visit him then. 他本來(lái)打算和你一起去看電影的，但后來(lái)有個(gè)朋友來(lái)看望他。

8. Her mother prefers her not to go to college. 她母親不希望她上大學(xué)。

9. We didn’t work hard and failed eventually. 我們沒(méi)有用心工作，結(jié)果失敗了。

10. He jumped into the river in time to rescue me and I was saved. 他及時(shí)跳進(jìn)河里來(lái)救我，最終我獲救了。

請(qǐng)同學(xué)們把上述句子轉(zhuǎn)換成含有虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子。參考答案如下：

1. My teacher advised that I（should）put my heart into my studies. 老師建議我潛心學(xué)習(xí)。

2. It is high time that they went out for relaxation. 他們?cè)撏獬龇潘梢幌铝恕?/p>

3. It is necessary that a teacher（should）have a thorough knowledge of the subject he teaches. 教師必須對(duì)他所任教的科目有個(gè)全面的了解。

4. I wish I hadn’t wasted so much time on meaningless things. 要是我不浪費(fèi)這么多時(shí)間在無(wú)意義的事情上就好了！

5. My head teacher treats me so well that it seems as if she were my mother. 我班主任對(duì)我很好，好得仿佛她是我母親似的。

6. I wish you could/would stay a little longer. 要是你能多逗留一會(huì)就好了。

7. He would have gone to the cinema with you if one of his friends hadn’t come to visit him.

Or：But for the fact that one of his friends had come to visit him， he would have gone to the cinema with you. 要不是有個(gè)朋友來(lái)看望他，他當(dāng)時(shí)就會(huì)和你去看電影了。

8. Her mother would rather she didn’t go to college. 她母親寧愿她不上大學(xué)。

9. We might have succeeded if we had worked hard. 我們倘若當(dāng)時(shí)努力的話，我們說(shuō)不定就成功了。

10. Had it not been for his timely help，I would have lost my life.

Or：Without his timely help，I would have lost my life. 要不是他及時(shí)的幫助，我當(dāng)時(shí)就喪生了。

對(duì)比之下，顯然含有虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句子比之前的句子在表達(dá)上要高明些。貌似簡(jiǎn)單的句子，卻蘊(yùn)含了考生在寫(xiě)作中靈活運(yùn)用語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的能力，往往能讓評(píng)卷老師“心動(dòng)”。

除了試題本身要求學(xué)生運(yùn)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣外，考生也可以“主動(dòng)出擊”，在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)機(jī)，在有把握的情況下，向評(píng)卷老師“秀”一下虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：

“感謝老師對(duì)我的無(wú)私幫助”，可以這樣寫(xiě)：

Mrs. Zhang treats me so well that it seems as if I were her son. Had it not been for her selfless and generous help，I would have given up my study and dropped out of school. How grateful I am to her kindness！

[即時(shí)練習(xí)]

以下是近年各市模擬題中讀寫(xiě)任務(wù)的要點(diǎn)，請(qǐng)恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

1. 假設(shè)你是學(xué)校校長(zhǎng)，談?wù)勀銓⑷绾翁幚磉`紀(jì)學(xué)生，并陳述理由。（2009年廣州一模）

2. 假如你是父母一方，你會(huì)如何磨礪自己的孩子？（2013年揭陽(yáng)一模）

3.“我”后悔過(guò)去虛度光陰，以致忽略甚至荒廢了學(xué)業(yè)。

4. 父母對(duì)“我”過(guò)度嚴(yán)格，導(dǎo)致“我”喪失自由，渴望得到解脫。

參考范文

1. Were I in charge of a school，I would also be very strict with the students who don’t behave well. I would first warn and then suspend the students who disturb the learning of others or disrespect their teachers. Also，it is necessary that I visit the poor students’ home and discuss the problems with their parents so that we could find solutions.

2. If I were a parent，I would advise him that he should face any difficulties bravely instead of giving up. Besides，I would expose him to the hardships in life instead of solving all the problems for him，providing them with chances to fight for his bright future by conquering challenges.

3. I used to waste so much time surfing the Internet and watching TV that I neglected my study totally. I wish I hadn’t wasted so much time playing. Instead，I should have devoted myself to improving my grades. If I had made an effort，I would have made greater progress. Now，I’m well aware that it’s high time that I focused on my studies.

4. My parents are so hard on me that it seems as if I were a bird confined in a cage without freedom. They always put pressure on me and would rather I spent all my energy on studies. How I wish my parents could stand in my shoes and come to realize it’s vital that I （should） balance study with relaxation.

綜上所述，虛擬語(yǔ)氣在我們的英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中很實(shí)用，只要考生掌握好，并能靈活運(yùn)用，就能提升作文的檔次，在寫(xiě)作中脫穎而出。

（作者單位：江門(mén)開(kāi)平市第一中學(xué)）

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