doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-614x.2013.20.35
摘 要 目的:比較低溫等離子射頻消融術與電刀凝切術在小兒阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣綜合征(OSAHS),扁桃體及腺樣體切除術中的效果差異。方法:收治小兒鼾癥患者80例,行雙側扁桃體及腺樣體切除術,按手術方式:低溫等離子射頻消融術組(A組40例),電刀凝切術組(B組40例)對比分析,兩組的手術時間、術中出血量、術中鎮(zhèn)痛藥量、疼痛評分。結果:低溫等離子射頻消融術組(A組)的手術時間、術中出血量低于電刀凝切組(B組),差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);術后電刀凝切組(B組)疼痛評分高于等離子刀組(A組),差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。結論:低溫等離子射頻消融術的療效優(yōu)于電刀凝切術,其能顯著減少手術時間、術中出血量,且減輕術后疼痛。
關鍵詞 低溫等離子射頻消融術 電刀凝切術 小兒鼾癥(OSAHS) 扁桃體及腺樣體切除術
Abstract Objective:To compare the effect difference of endoscopic radiofrequency ablation and coagulation effect of electric knife in the treatment of children with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome by tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.Methods:We retrospectively analysed the data on 80 children with with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome from August 2012 to May 2013 in our hospital.According to the operation mode all the patients were divided into two groups.Group A including 40 patients received low temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation operation,and Group B including 40 patients received electric knife coagulating and cutting operation.The operation time,bleeding volume,intraoperative analgesia dosage,and pain score of two groups were compared.Results:The operation time and bleeding volume of Group A were much more lower compared with that of Group B,there were significant difference between two groups (P<0.05).After operation pain score of Group B was significantly higher than Group A (P<0.05).Conclusion:Radiofrequency ablation is more effective than electrocautery coagulation,which can significantly reduce the amount of bleeding during operation,operation time,and postoperative pain,so it is worth popularizing in primary hospitals.
Key words the low-temperature plasma radiofrequency ablation operation;electric knife coagulating and cutting operation;snoring children;tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy
小兒阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣綜合征(OSAHS)主要原因為腺樣體及扁桃體肥大。目前針對扁桃體及腺樣體肥大有不同處理方法。既往對OSAHS患者采取傳統(tǒng)剝離法及電刀凝切術切除扁桃體及腺樣體,2012年8月開始,采用美國Arthrocare等離子體手術系統(tǒng)(Ⅱ型),進行扁桃體及腺樣體消融術,取得了滿意的效果,現(xiàn)報告如下。
資料與方法
2012年8月~2013年5月收治小兒鼾癥患者80例,男49例,女31例;年齡3.5~11歲,均有扁桃體肥大和腺樣體肥大。其中9例合并鼻竇炎、3例合并分泌性中耳炎,病程3個月~6年。本組患兒均有鼻塞、夜間睡眠打鼾伴張口呼吸。??茩z查:雙側扁桃體肥大Ⅱ~Ⅲ。內(nèi)鏡檢查提示腺樣體肥大堵塞后鼻孔2/3以上。
手術方法:患兒全麻經(jīng)口氣管插入異形氣管導管,用Daivs開口器撐開口腔,充分暴露雙側扁桃體。低溫等離子射頻消融術組(A組)采用Cblator Ⅱ等離子手術系統(tǒng),Evac70 Xtra HP刀頭,能量調(diào)至4~7,向內(nèi)牽拉扁桃體,沿扁桃體被膜,用刀側緣以即若即離的手法進行切割,從扁桃體下極開始逐漸向上切割至上極。以同法做對側扁桃體。之后用細小導尿管2根分別經(jīng)鼻腔插入從口腔拉出,系緊軟腭,暴露鼻咽部在70°鼻內(nèi)鏡監(jiān)視下,用EVac70刀頭對肥大的腺樣體進行消融,使之輪廓化。電刀凝切組(B組):右手持單極電刀(頭部套塑料膠管,露出電刀頭0.3cm,輸出功率30W,電凝在扁桃體被膜與咽縮肌潛在間隙進行),電刀頭貼住扁桃體被膜,作模行線劃狀自上極向下極分離,左手可稍作用力牽拉,直至完全剝離扁桃體,依次調(diào)整張口器位置,暴露對側扁桃體,電凝剝離。
觀察指標和評定標準:①觀察指標:兩組的手術時間、術中出血量、術中鎮(zhèn)痛藥量、疼痛評分。②評定標準:術中出血量=吸引器內(nèi)血液量+紗布血液量。術中疼痛評分采用視覺模擬評分法(VAS):0分為無痛;1~3分為輕微痛;4~6分為疼痛影響休息;7~10分疼痛難以忍受;10分為劇痛。
統(tǒng)計學處理:x±s,t檢驗,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
結 果
兩組患兒手術時間,術中出血量,鎮(zhèn)痛藥量比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.01);兩組術后各時間段VAS疼痛評分比較,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05);所有病例2~4天出院,全部患者隨訪2個月以上,術后1周所有患者鼻塞、睡眠打鼾癥狀消失;無1例出現(xiàn)繼發(fā)性出血或感染等不良反應。見表1、2。
討 論
小兒鼾癥在兒童中的發(fā)病率1%~3%,多數(shù)是由扁桃體和腺樣體肥大引起(85%)[1]。腺樣體和(或)扁桃體肥大是小兒鼾癥的最主要原因,常并發(fā)急、慢性鼻竇炎,分泌性中耳炎及阻塞性睡眠呼吸暫停低通氣綜合征等。長期不治將導致許多其他嚴重的并發(fā)癥,如長期鼻塞、血氧飽和度低,引發(fā)白天嗜睡、反應遲緩、注意力不集中、智力發(fā)育障礙、情緒異常、生長發(fā)育障礙;另外長期鼻塞和張口呼吸可引起頜面發(fā)育障礙如鼻中隔偏曲、硬腭高拱、上切牙突出、唇厚,胸廓發(fā)育畸形等癥狀,甚至猝死[2]。鑒于上述不良影響,應及時手術治療。對于小兒鼾癥手術治療,有多種方法可以選擇,與傳統(tǒng)的電刀電凝下扁桃體剝離術加腺樣體刮除術相比,等離子刀治療小兒鼾癥有突出優(yōu)點[3~5],可以明顯減少術中出血量,降低術后出血發(fā)生率,降低術后疼痛程度。而且鼻塞打鼾等癥狀緩解良好且術后復發(fā)率低。所以,鼻內(nèi)鏡下低溫等離子射頻消融術,對于小兒鼾癥治療效果良好,是值得推薦的一種手術方式。
參考文獻
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