英語中,反意疑問句是一種常用于口語的疑問句式。反意疑問句是由陳述句和附在其后的附加疑問句組成。其中附加疑問句是對陳述句所說的事實或觀點提出疑問,起證實作用,一般用于證實說話者所說的事實或觀點。反意疑問句前后兩部分謂語應(yīng)是,“肯定陳述+否定疑問”或“否定陳述+肯定疑問”。
陳述句變反意疑問句步驟如下:①確定助動詞。②確定肯定還是否定。③確定人稱代詞的主格。注意前后時態(tài),人稱的一致性。例如:
Jim went go the Great Wall yesterday.
①確定助動詞為did ②確定肯定還是否定:前肯后否not ③確定人稱代詞的主格:Jim is a boy ,l因此主格為he
Jim went go the Great Wall yesterday, didn’t he?
下面談一談反意疑問句的特殊情況:
(1)陳述部分是“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)的,疑問部分用there省略主語代詞。
There is something wrong with your watch, isn’t there?
There will be any trouble, won’t there?
(2)陳述部分的主語是I am,疑問部分要用 aren’t I.
I’m a student,aren’t I?
(3)陳述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含義的詞時,疑問部分用肯定含義。
There is little water in the glass, is there?
(4)陳述部分有must 的疑問句,疑問部分根據(jù)實際情況而定。
He must be at home, isn’t he?
He must have finished it yesterday, didn’t he?
(5)主句謂語是think, believe, expect, suppose,imagine等引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,陳述部分含I think (believe,suppose…)that…結(jié)構(gòu)時,其反意疑問句須與從句的主謂語保持一致,注意主句的主語必須是第一人稱。如:
I don’t think you are wrong, are you?
I don’t think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can’t she?
(6)陳述部分主語是不定代詞everybody,anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,反意疑問句的主語要用復(fù)數(shù)代詞they,有時也用單數(shù)he。
Everyoneknows the answer, don’t they? (doesn’t he?)
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)
(7)陳述部分主語是指物的不定代詞everything, anything , something, nothing 等,以及主語是this,that時,疑問部分的主語用it,陳述部分的主語是these, those時, 疑問部分主語常用復(fù)數(shù)they.
Everything is ready for the meeting , isn’t it ?
Those are apples ,aren’t they ?
(8)省去主語的祈使句的反意疑問句,疑問部分用will you.
Don’t do that again, will you?
Go with me, will you/won’t you?
注意: Let’s開頭的祈使句,后用shall we?
Let us開頭的祈使句,后用will you?
Let’s go and listen to the music, shall we?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you?
(9)否定前綴不能視為否定詞,其反意疑問句仍用否定形式。
It is impossible, isn’t it?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?
(10)陳述部分有would rather+v.,疑問部分多用wouldn’t+主語。
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn’t he?
(11)陳述部分有had better+v.疑問句部分用hadn’t you?
You’d better read it by yourself, hadn’tyou?
(12)陳述部分有have to+v. (had to+v.),疑問部分常用don’t+主語(didn’t+主語)
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don’t we?
快速記憶表
陳述部分的謂語 疑問部分
I------------- aren’tI
no, nothing, nobody, never ,
few, seldom, hardly, rarely,----- 肯定含義
little等否定含義的詞
have to +v.(had to +v.)------- don’t+主語(didn’t+主語)
had better+v.--------------- hadn’tyou
would rather+v.------------ wouldn’t+主語
指示代詞或不定代詞
everything, that ,----------- 主語用it
nothing,this think, believe, expect , suppose, imagine等引導(dǎo)------與賓語從句相對應(yīng)的從句everybody, anyone ,somebody, nobody ,no one -----復(fù)數(shù)they,單數(shù)he
省去主語的祈使句----------- will you?
Let’s開頭的祈使句--------Shall we?
Let us 開頭的祈使句-------- Will you?
There be----------- 相應(yīng)的謂語動詞+there(省略主語代詞)
否定前綴不能視為否定詞------仍用否定形式
must表推測--------------根據(jù)其推測的情況來確定反意疑問句