風(fēng)雨滄桑閣老墓

李建設(shè)

濟(jì)南天橋區(qū)北園的張公墳村因元朝著名的散曲家張養(yǎng)浩葬在了這里而得名，無獨(dú)有偶，在市中區(qū)的黨家，也有一個以濟(jì)南名士的墓葬命名的村子——殷家林村。這位姓殷的名士便是被尊稱為“殷閣老”的明代內(nèi)閣大學(xué)士殷士儋。殷士儋，字正甫，歷城人，嘉靖二十六年進(jìn)士。他不但官高位顯，詩文也頗負(fù)盛名，為“歷下四詩人”之一。民國《續(xù)修歷城縣志》里曾評價(jià)殷士儋的詩為“體齊魯之雅馴，兼燕趙之悲壯，稟吳越之婉麗，是吾鄉(xiāng)一巨手?！庇小督疠浬椒考贰ⅰ睹鬓r(nóng)軒樂府》等著作傳世。

殷士儋的事跡還在蒲松齡的《聊齋志異》里出現(xiàn)過。在《狐嫁女》的故事中，有一位“殷天官”少有膽略，不怕鬼狐，深夜獨(dú)住一個鬧鬼的荒院，恰遇狐貍精在此嫁女，遂被邀參加婚禮并做了“狐夫婦”的儐相，最后在婚宴上偷藏了一只金酒杯作為持驗(yàn)同人的證據(jù)。故事中的“殷天官”就是殷士儋?？梢娨笫抠俨坏鸥咦R廣，而且有膽有識。

殷士儋于明嘉靖元年，出生在他死后所葬的村子里，當(dāng)然那時村名不叫殷家林，而是叫呂王莊。自殷士儋葬在這里后，村民為紀(jì)念他，遂改了村名。殷士儋自幼聰穎過人，10歲便能吟詩作文，19歲還在弱冠之年即中舉，26歲進(jìn)士及第，被選為翰林院庶吉士，有機(jī)會在宮內(nèi)書館讀書，從此踏入仕途。由于殷士儋才高識廣，被嘉靖帝選為裕王太子(后來的明穆宗隆慶帝)的老師，在做老師期間“凡關(guān)君德治道，輒危言激論，王為動色”。裕王登基后擢殷士儋為翰林院侍讀學(xué)士，掌翰林院事，隆慶二年拜禮部尚書。隆慶四年，轉(zhuǎn)任文淵閣大學(xué)士。隆慶五年辭官歸故里，筑廬于濼水之濱（即現(xiàn)在的萬竹園），講學(xué)著書，與當(dāng)時濟(jì)南名士邊貢、李攀龍、許邦才交往甚深，經(jīng)常詩文唱和，被人譽(yù)為“歷下四詩人”。明神宗萬歷九年，殷士儋突發(fā)股疾病逝，歸葬故里?；实圪n其“金頂玉葬”，謚號“文莊”，并派嚴(yán)嵩主持為其筑墓修墳。

據(jù)《明史》記載，殷士儋墓占地約三十畝，筑漢白玉牌坊，墓區(qū)內(nèi)遍植松柏?？梢韵胍娔鞘嵌嗝磯延^的景象！經(jīng)過了四百多年風(fēng)吹雨淋的滄桑歲月，現(xiàn)在的殷士儋墓是什么樣子呢？近日，我特意趕在2009年的清明節(jié)前，對它進(jìn)行了一番探訪。

巧得很，我所坐的86路公交車的司機(jī)就是殷家林村人，我想他也許正是我要探訪的殷閣老的后人，然而他說他姓呂，村子里呂姓是大戶，以前村名就叫呂王莊，而殷氏后人則只有二十多戶。因殷閣老是名士，村遂以他為貴，改為殷家林。

在司機(jī)師傅的指點(diǎn)下，我在羅而村下了車，順著加油站旁邊的一條小路向北望山而去。殷家林村遠(yuǎn)離車水馬龍的街道，也就遠(yuǎn)離了都市的喧囂，顯得靜謐安然。穿過村子，眼前一片開闊，鳳凰山的全貌便迎面而來。我正不知殷士儋墓的確切所在，過來幾個小姑娘，上前問她們，她們指了指東邊說，你是問閣老墓吧，它就在那棵最大的松柏樹下，正在整修呢，我們剛從那里回來。想不到小姑娘不但對殷士儋非常熟悉，而且還能去瞻仰它，殷閣老在這里不寂寞！

順著小姑娘手指的方向一路走去，的確有一棵郁郁蔥蔥的古柏，幾個村人正在墳?zāi)雇鈬ǜ邏?。聽他們說這是文物部門為保護(hù)閣老墓出資整修，爭取在清明節(jié)前建成開放，供人們拜祭。這當(dāng)然是好事。

我從留出的大門進(jìn)入，到了閣老墓跟前。經(jīng)過了四百多年歲月洗禮，閣老墓保存相對完好，墓上聳立著一棵高大蔥郁、冠如華蓋的古柏，還是當(dāng)初建墳時種植下的，默默地陪著閣老四百多年了。如今樹干已盤根錯結(jié)，青筋暴露，宛如蒼虬，在墳?zāi)股峡帐刈o(hù)著這片靜土。我繞著墓轉(zhuǎn)了一圈，墳?zāi)狗椒秸呒s4米，四周的臺基基本上完好如初，全部是用雕花的青石壘砌，顯得莊重大氣。果然是閣老之墓，規(guī)格自然不同一般。在墳?zāi)沟臇|側(cè)有一條人工踩踏的路徑，可以從這里上到墳頂。墳頂上也沒有什么遺跡留存，只有叢生的雜草和荊棘。不過在墳?zāi)沟臇|南角，倒有一塊殘缺不全的石碑，上面刻著“殷士儋墓”四個大字，從下面的兩行小字上可以知道這塊碑是歷城縣人民政府于1979年所立。除此之外，再也看不到有關(guān)殷士儋的介紹。

這么壯觀的一座墓怎么會沒有一塊像樣的碑呢？這顯得與這位閣老的身份極不相稱。問在此修墳的村人，才知道這里原是有的，不但有碑，碑文還是皇帝敕命嚴(yán)嵩撰寫的呢。墓前還有一座高大的石牌坊，沿著石牌坊是一條一百多米長的神道，神道兩旁還有石人、石馬、石羊等雕像??這才是我心目中閣老墓的氣勢。然而一場"破四舊"運(yùn)動，讓這里除了一座孤單的墳?zāi)雇庖磺卸际幦粺o存。我在墓周到處尋找，也沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)一點(diǎn)讓人興奮的遺跡。有一位姓李的村民告訴我，有人曾經(jīng)在墓南邊的桃林里見到過石馬、石羊和一些殘碑?dāng)嘀?，只是不知現(xiàn)在還有沒有。

循著村人指引的方向，我一路找去。然而看著這么一片大面積的桃林，想找到一兩塊我所要找的石頭，我有些灰心。我挨個桃園找，既要躲汪汪叫的護(hù)園狗，還要避開用荊棘編成的屏障。功夫不負(fù)有心人，我還真找到了一塊石碑，它有3米多長、30厘米多厚，被村人垛的柴禾掩蓋著，但上面辨不出任何文字。經(jīng)向桃園的主人打聽，這就是當(dāng)初石牌坊上的構(gòu)件。從這這塊青石往上的一條小路，便是通往墓區(qū)的神道了，傳說中的石馬、石羊之類應(yīng)該就在神道兩旁，然而已無跡可尋。如果殷士儋墓從這里算起的話，方不辜負(fù)閣老的生前身后名，也才對得起皇帝欽賜的“金頂玉葬”待遇。

曾經(jīng)否定一切歷史的瘋狂時代已成過為不堪回首的過去，閣老墓又引起了政府和文物部門的重視，1979年被公布為市級重點(diǎn)文物保護(hù)單位，墓前的斷碑便是那時所立。2007年又被定為山東省重點(diǎn)保護(hù)文物保護(hù)單位。而我這次的探訪又意外得知，文物部門正在進(jìn)行擴(kuò)建整修。

這是一個令人振奮的消息。殷士儋理應(yīng)受到這樣的重視，這倒不是因?yàn)樗鲞^什么內(nèi)閣大學(xué)士，而是因?yàn)樗脑姡驗(yàn)樗俏覀儩?jì)南人。

In Dangjia, Shizhong District, Jinan City, there is village called Yinjialin Village (Village of the Yins Cemetery), which takes its name from the cemetery of Yin Shizhan—a famous great scholar minister during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644).

A story about Yin Shizhan is recorded in Strange Tales from the Make-Do Studio by Pu Songling. In a story entitled A Fox Is Getting Married, he tells us that once there was a brave young man named Yin Tianguan who was not afraid of ghosts. He alone lived in a courtyard haunted by ghosts during the night time and happened to come upon the wedding of a foxs daughter. So he was invited to attend the wedding to act as the best man of the fox couple. At the wedding banquet, he stole a gold cup to prove that he had been at the wedding. Yin Tianguan in the story is Yin Shizhan, which is evidence he was not only knowledgeable, but also brave.

Yin Shizhan was born in 1522 at the village where he was later buried. At that time, the village was called Luwangzhuang instead of Yinjialin. After Yin Shizhan was buried here, the villagers changed the village to commemorate him. Yin Shizhan was clever in his childhood. At the age of 10, he could write poems and essays. At the age of 19, he passed the imperial examination. At the age of 26, he passed the Jinshi examination and was chosen as a scholar of the Imperial Academy. In 1571, he quit his official post and went back to his hometown. At the present-day Wanzhu Garden area of Baotu Spring Park, he used to deliver lectures and write books. At that time, Yin Shizhan, Bian Gong, Li Panlong and Xu Bangcai together were called “Four Poets of Lixia.” In 1581, he died of a serious illness and was buried at his hometown.

Yin Shizhans cemetery covers an area of two hectares, in which there is a white marble archway and many pine trees. Despite more than 400 years of vicissitudes, Yin Shizhans tomb is still well preserved. On the tomb there stands a towering pine tree, which was planted at the time when the tomb was constructed.

In 2007, Yin Shizhans cemetery was chosen as a relic site under the provincial major protection. When I visited the cemetery this time, the department responsible for cultural relic protection was extending the cemetery. As a famous Jinan local, Yin Shizhan is worthy of such kind of importance.