【結論】榆葉揮發(fā)物是造成八斑榆跳象對5種榆樹取食偏好的原因。關鍵詞:八斑榆跳象;遠距離定向選擇;取食偏好;寄主植物揮發(fā)物;榆樹中圖分類號:S432 文獻標志碼:A 文章編號:1001-4330(2025)03-0696-10
0 引言
【研究意義】榆樹耐寒、耐旱、耐鹽堿,是新疆荒漠地區(qū)及市區(qū)重要的防風固沙和園林綠化樹種,新疆常見榆樹種類有5種,分別為白榆UmuspumilaL.垂枝榆U.pumilaL.cv.Tenue長枝榆U.davidiana‘Changzhi’、圓冠榆U.densa Litw.和裂葉榆U.laciniata(Trautv.)Mayr。八斑榆跳象Orchestessteppensis Korotyaev,隸屬鞘翅目Coleop-tera象甲科Curculionidae,在我國北方廣泛分布,是一種為害榆屬Umus植物的專食性食葉害蟲,幼蟲潛葉為害榆葉形成枯狀囊泡,成蟲取食葉片造成網狀缺刻1。近年來,烏魯木齊市、昌吉回族自治州、石河子市、奎屯市和察布查爾錫伯自治縣等地榆樹受到八斑榆跳象的為害[2-4],但為害程度不等。八斑榆跳象對白榆和垂枝榆為害嚴重,對長枝榆和圓冠榆為害一般,而對裂葉榆幾乎無為害,植物揮發(fā)物是否是造成該現(xiàn)象的原因,目前尚且不知。因此,需開展該方面研究?!厩叭搜芯窟M展】植物揮發(fā)物在昆蟲寄主植物的選擇過程中起著決定性作用,植食性昆蟲主要利用植物釋放的揮發(fā)性物質來辯別寄主和非寄主以及偏好寄主和普通寄主[5-7],如馬鈴薯葉甲 Leptinotarsa de-cemlineataSay可利用其寄主植物揮發(fā)物遠距離找到到寄主植物進行取食和產卵[8,9];白星花金龜Protaetia brevitarsis Lewis可以識別蘋果 Maluspumila Mill.、葡萄Vitisvinifera L.和玉米 ZeamaysL.揮發(fā)物來定位取食寄主植物[10,\"];番茄潛葉蛾 Tuta absoluta Meyrick 利用寄主植物揮發(fā)物遠距離定位產卵,產卵偏好由高到低為番茄 Ly-copersicon esculentum Mill. 、馬鈴薯 Solanum tubero-sum L.、茄子 Solanum melongena L.、辣椒 Capsi-cum annuumL.[12.13]。而目前有關榆樹葉片揮發(fā)物對榆樹害蟲引誘或趨避的調查研究主要有春榆U.davidiana var. japonica葉片揮發(fā)物對銀杏大蠶蛾Dictyoploca japonica Butler有趨避的作用[14];白榆揮發(fā)物成分對榆木蠹蛾HolcocerusvicariusWalker、榆紫 葉 甲 Ambrostoma quadriimpressumMotschulsky、華北大黑鰓金龜Holotrichia oblitaFaldermann、暗黑鰓金龜 Holotrichia parallela Mots-chulsky、小黃鰓金龜 Metabolus flavescens Brenske和福婆鰓金龜BrahminafaldermanniKraatz有吸引作用[15-17],而暫未有關榆樹葉片揮發(fā)物對八斑榆跳象吸引或趨避的相關報道。目前,對八斑榆跳象的研究主要集中在對其鑒定、厘定與分布[1,18-22]、以及生物學習性和防治調查研究[3,4,23-25]。對榆屬植物葉片揮發(fā)物的報道主要集中于白榆[15,16,26,27]、春榆[14]、小葉榆U.parvifoliaJacq.[28-30]、黃榆U.macrocarpaHance[17]和美國榆樹U.AmericanaL.[31],而有關垂枝榆、圓冠榆、長枝榆和裂葉榆的植物揮發(fā)物暫未有相關報道?!颈狙芯壳腥朦c】目前,國內對八斑榆跳象的防治停留在物理和化學等常規(guī)方式,對八斑榆跳象化學生態(tài)防治方面研究較少[24,32]。八斑榆跳象專一取食榆屬植物,對不同寄主榆樹種類為害程度存在差異。因此,需開展八斑榆跳象偏好寄主植物選擇和植物揮發(fā)物檢測研究。【擬解決的關鍵問題】選擇新疆5種常見榆樹,研究八斑榆跳象偏好寄主及其揮發(fā)物,分析八斑榆跳象對5種榆樹差異性及為害,鑒定植物揮發(fā)物的種類。
材料與方法
1.1 材料
供試昆蟲:八斑榆跳象成蟲,共16457頭。2022、2023年4\~10月,在新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)烏魯木齊市和昌吉回族自治州昌吉市、阜康市、瑪納斯縣、呼圖壁縣、吉木薩爾縣、奇臺縣和木壘哈薩克自治縣等8個縣市網掃采集獲取。置于室內人工氣候箱(BD-PRX-150B;南京貝蒂實驗儀器有限公司)內飼養(yǎng),飼養(yǎng)條件:溫度 (25±1)C 、濕度 45%±5%RH 、光照 。以新鮮白榆葉片為食料,每7d更換食料。
供試植物:于2022、2023年4\~8月在新疆大學紅湖校區(qū) (43.7644°N,87.6156°E ,海拔945.1m)采集白榆、垂枝榆、圓冠榆、裂葉榆和博達校區(qū)( 43.8435°N,87.7371°E ,海拔 801.6m )采集長枝榆的健康葉片。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 寄主偏好性測定
參考王曉輝等[33]方法,使用四臂嗅覺儀(XLM4-150;南京雪萊生物科技有限公司)測定八斑榆跳象對5種榆樹葉片的偏好性。四臂嗅覺儀活動室內徑 150mm ,各味源通道長 15cm ,兩兩通道間夾角為 90° 。測定前調節(jié)各味源通道的氣體流速為 400mL/min 。儀器組裝連接順序為流量計 $$ 活性炭吸附瓶 $$ 純凈水加濕瓶 $$ 味源瓶 $$ 四臂嗅覺儀 $$ 抽氣泵。
試驗測定前需將成蟲饑餓處理 24h ,每頭成蟲只進行一次試驗,所用八斑榆跳象性別隨機,完成試驗后使用生殖器形態(tài)特征區(qū)分性別并加以記錄[19.20]。首先檢測八斑榆跳象分別對空氣(對照組)和5種榆樹葉片(試驗組)的選擇偏好。將4臂嗅覺儀同側2個味源通道關閉,留下2個味源通道:試驗組通道與作為味源的 3.0g 新鮮健康的一種榆樹葉片相連通;對照組通道只通入潔凈空氣。5種榆樹葉片分別進行試驗,每組八斑榆跳象成蟲50頭,3組共150頭。將嗅覺儀4個通道分別與作為味源的4種榆樹葉片各 3.0g 相連,每組測試成蟲70頭,3組共210頭。打開抽氣泵通氣 5min 后將供試成蟲由四臂嗅覺儀頂端昆蟲孔引入,待其開始爬動后計時。若在 10min 內爬過任一味源通道2/3處(距離昆蟲孔 10cm ))并停留 30s 以上,或直接通過味源通道,則視為該個體選擇此味源通道連接的物質,隨后記錄該個體到達味源瓶的時間;若在四臂嗅覺儀中靜止不動或未爬過味源通道2/3處的昆蟲則視為未選擇,故不記入統(tǒng)計分析。
因八斑榆跳象有很強的趨上性、趨光性和聚集性,將四臂嗅覺儀水平放置,對活動室及味源瓶使用遮光板進行暗處理;每測試5頭昆蟲需將四臂嗅覺儀順時針旋轉 90° ,以避免位置效應的影響;每測試20頭昆蟲,使用無水乙醇及蒸餾水清洗測試區(qū)域。
1.2.2 植物揮發(fā)物的收集和檢測
使用固相微萃取法收集白榆、垂枝榆、長枝榆、圓冠榆和裂葉榆5種榆樹健康葉片的揮發(fā)物。分別選取樹高 1.5~2m 處長度為 15~20cm 健康無損傷的5種榆樹枝條,用采樣袋(PE 200mm ×280mm 將枝條原位套住密封,使用固相微萃取探頭(Supelco57328-U)收集采樣袋內健康榆葉的植物揮發(fā)物。對照組采樣袋內不套人榆樹枝條,套入空氣,用于排除采樣袋等其他非植物散發(fā)揮發(fā)物的影響。試驗前固相微萃取探頭于GC-MS(5977A/7890B;美國安捷倫)進樣口 250qC 下活化 10min ,取樣結束后將萃取頭收回,帶回新疆大學理化測試中心,萃取頭在GC-MS儀器進樣口 250qC 下解析 5min 。采樣環(huán)境條件:溫度 20~ 25°C 、濕度 35%~40%RH 、天氣晴朗。采樣時間為 13:00~14:00 (持續(xù)1h),每種榆樹選擇3棵,每棵榆樹選擇1個枝條,同時進行采集。
GC-MS檢測條件:色譜柱為DB-5MS毛細管柱 (30m×0.25mm×0.25μm) ,載氣為氮氣,1.0μL 不分流進樣。起始溫度 50°C ( 1min ),3qC/min 升至 120°C(2min) ! 4% 升至 210% ( 0min ),進樣口溫度 250% 。質譜條件:質譜接口溫度為 250qC ,離子源溫度 230% ,電離方式EI,掃描質量范圍為 ,掃描時間 0.45s 。測得結果比對安捷倫系統(tǒng)NIST14標準譜庫解析圖譜,選取匹配度高于 80% 的化合物作為植物揮發(fā)物結果。
1.3 數據處理
使用SPSS20.0軟件進行分析,利用獨立樣本 χt 檢驗分析八斑榆跳象雌雄成蟲對同種榆樹選擇數量和到達味源瓶所需時間的差異顯著性;利用卡方檢驗Duncan多重比較法分析八斑榆跳象成蟲對不同種榆樹選擇數量的差異顯著性。
2 結果與分析
2.1 八斑榆跳象的寄主選擇偏好性
2. 1. 1 八斑榆跳象對5種寄主榆樹葉片的選擇偏好
研究表明,八斑榆跳象對白榆、垂枝榆、長枝榆和圓冠榆試驗組的選擇數量均極顯著高于對照組,而對裂葉榆對照組的選擇數量極顯著高于試驗組。白榆、垂枝榆、長枝榆和圓冠榆4種榆葉對八斑榆跳象有吸引作用,而裂葉榆對該害蟲不具有吸引作用,甚至有趨避作用。圖1
八斑榆跳象成蟲到達試驗組和其對照組味源所需的反應時間無顯著性差異( Pgt;0.05,N=50 d=3 )。雌雄成蟲到達同一味源瓶所需時間只在垂枝榆試驗組存在差異,其雌蟲到達味源瓶所需時間顯著高于雄性( Plt;0.05,N=50,d=3) 。表1
注:**表示試驗與對照之間經 x2 檢驗在 Plt;0.01 水平差異極顯著 Notes:**indicates significant difference in the level of Plt;0.01 between the experiment and the control by χ2 test
Fig.1 Olfactory responses of o .steppensisto five specieshost plants leaves
表1八斑榆跳象到達5種榆樹試驗組與對照組味源瓶的平均時間(s)
2.1.2八斑榆跳象對偏好寄主榆樹間的選擇差 異
研究表明,八斑榆跳象雌蟲對白榆的選擇數 量顯著高于垂枝榆、長枝榆和圓冠榆( Plt;0.05,N =70,d=3, );雄蟲對白榆和垂枝榆的選擇數量顯 著高于長枝榆和圓冠榆( Plt;0.05,N=70,d=3) 。 對于同一味源雌雄成蟲選擇數量有顯著性差異, 雌蟲對白榆、垂枝榆、圓冠榆的選擇數量均極顯著 高于雄性( ′Plt;0.01,N=70,d=3) ,而雌雄成蟲對 長枝榆的選擇數量無顯著性差異( ?Pgt;0.05,N= 70,d=3) 。八斑榆跳象雌蟲到達長枝榆所需的 時間最長,顯著高于圓冠榆、白榆和垂枝榆( Plt; 0. 05 ,N=70,d=3) ;八斑榆跳象雄蟲到達長枝榆 和圓冠榆所需的時間較長,顯著高于白榆和垂枝 榆 ′Plt;0.05,N=70,d=3) 。圖2
2.2 植物揮發(fā)物成分
研究表明,從5種榆樹葉片揮發(fā)物中共鑒定出79種化合物,其中酸類、酯類、醛類、酮類、醇類、醚類、萜類、芳香族、不飽和烴及飽和烴類分別有 6、10、1、2、3、1、4、8、7 和37種。白榆葉片共檢測出20種揮發(fā)物,特有化合物10種;垂枝榆葉片共檢測出18種揮發(fā)物,特有化合物7種;長枝榆葉片共檢測出31種揮發(fā)物,特有化合物25種;圓冠榆葉片共檢測出23種揮發(fā)物,特有化合物13種;裂葉榆葉片共檢測出10種揮發(fā)物,特有化合物7種。79種揮發(fā)物中,白榆和垂枝榆共有揮發(fā)物成分有6種,分別為癸烷、十四烷、苯甲酸、萘、棕櫚酸和肉豆蔻酸,裂葉榆檢測到特有揮發(fā)物7種,分別為2,2,4-三甲基庚烷、2,2,5,5-四甲基己烷、5-乙基-2-甲基庚烷、苯基丁二酸、苯
注:不同小寫字母表示同一性別成蟲對不同味源瓶的選擇數量或選擇時間在 Plt;0.05 水平下差異顯著, ** 表示不同性別成蟲對同一味源瓶的選擇數量在 Plt;0.01 水平下差異極顯著,ns表示結果差異不顯著
Notes:Different smalllettersindicatethatthenumberortimeof selection ofdifferentflavor source bottlesbyadults of the same sexis significantlydifferent at the Plt;0.05 level, indicates that the number ofadultsofdifferent sexeson the same flavor source bottleis extremelydifferentatthe Plt;0.01 level,and nsindicates that there is no significant difference in the results
圖2八斑榆跳象對4種榆樹間的平均選擇數量(A)和選擇時間(B)
Fig.2Averagenumberof o .steppensis selections(A)andselectiontime(B) amongthefourspeciesofUlmus
3討論
3.1阿不都瓦哈·艾再子等[3]推測榆跳象對不同榆樹為害差異是受榆樹葉表面纖毛差異性的影響。但研究發(fā)現(xiàn)八斑榆跳象成蟲在未接觸寄主植物的情況下即對5種榆樹表現(xiàn)出不同的選擇偏好性,且該選擇偏好結果與野外調查時發(fā)現(xiàn)的為害程度強弱順序一致。植食性昆蟲可利用植物揮發(fā)物進行遠距離選擇定位寄主植物、產卵等一系列生命活動[34]。研究明確了植物揮發(fā)物是造成八斑榆跳象遠距離定位尋找偏好寄主的關鍵因素。但至于到達偏好寄主植物后取食寄主葉片、在榆葉上進行交配產卵等行為是否是受葉片的大小、形狀及其表面纖毛的長短及密集程度的影響,有待進一步研究。
3.2在自然環(huán)境中,通常植食性雌性昆蟲利用植物揮發(fā)物定位寄主植物,雄性利用同種雌性昆蟲性信息素進行定位[35,36]。但亦有雄蟲在無雌性昆蟲存在下,直接定位寄主,朱紅毛斑蛾Phau-daflammansWalker雌雄成蟲定向行為無顯著性差異,中黑盲蝽Adelphocoris suturalis Jakovlev和綠盲蝽ApolyguslucorumMeyer-Dur雌雄成蟲對同種植物揮發(fā)物的選擇無差異,藥材甲StegobiumpaniceumL.雌雄蟲對中藥材料揮發(fā)物的選擇無顯著性差異[37-41]。研究與以上觀點一致,在排除八斑榆跳象雌蟲存在的干擾后,雄性個體對5種榆葉的選擇偏好性,以及到同種達味源所需時間與雌性均無顯著差異,表明八斑榆跳象雄蟲在無雌蟲信息素誘導下,循揮發(fā)物即可定位寄主植物。3.3利用植物源化合物誘捕是目前監(jiān)測和防治害蟲的一種有效手段,如使用單萜烯類、乙醇等植源性化合物研制引誘劑防治松褐天牛Monocham-us alternatus Hope[42-44],使用苯甲醛和苯甲酸乙酯防治茶樹假眼小綠葉蟬Empoascavitis
Gothe[45],使用 ∝ -長葉烯和雪松烯等化合物制成引誘劑防治雙條杉天牛SemanotusbifasciatusMotschulsky[46],使用甲基丁香酚作為植源引誘劑引誘柑橘大實蠅 Bactocera minax Enderlein[47],但是對八斑榆跳象的化學生態(tài)防治方面研究較少。植物揮發(fā)物檢測結合八斑榆跳象寄主植物偏好結果,表明白榆、垂枝榆、長枝榆和圓冠榆葉片對八斑榆跳象有引誘作用,裂葉榆葉片對其有趨避作用。由于八斑榆跳象對白榆和垂枝榆葉片有強選擇偏好性,而癸烷、十四烷、苯甲酸、萘、棕櫚酸和肉豆蔻酸6種揮發(fā)物是兩種偏好寄主的共有揮發(fā)物成分,研究認為以上6種揮發(fā)物可能是八斑榆跳象對兩種偏好寄主進行定向選擇的關鍵性揮發(fā)物,可作為后期潛在植源性引誘劑;八斑榆跳象對裂葉榆葉片無選擇行為,推測該葉片中特有的2,2,4-三甲基庚烷、2,2,5,5-四甲基己烷、5-乙基-2-甲基庚烷、苯基丁二酸、苯甲醛、丙基環(huán)丙烷和草酸戊基丙酯7種植物揮發(fā)物成分可能是起趨避作用的關鍵化合物,后期可作為八斑榆跳象潛在的植源性趨避劑。
4結論
八斑榆跳象可利用榆葉揮發(fā)物遠距離定向選擇偏好寄主,榆葉揮發(fā)物是造成八斑榆跳象對5種榆樹取食選擇偏好的原因,其中癸烷、十四烷、苯甲酸、萘、棕櫚酸和肉豆蔻酸6種揮發(fā)物有望作為八斑榆跳象的引誘劑。而2,2,4-三甲基庚烷、2,2,5,5-四甲基己烷、5-乙基-2-甲基庚烷、苯基丁二酸、苯甲醛、丙基環(huán)丙烷和草酸戊基丙酯7種,具有作為植源性趨避劑的潛力。裂葉榆葉型優(yōu)美,葉片大,葉表面纖毛密,可有效抵抗甚至避免八斑榆跳象等食葉害蟲的為害,可作為在開荒建綠洲、城市園林綠化的樹種。
參考文獻(References)
[1]LiQ,TriapitsynSV,WangC,etal.Biological traitsand the
complexof parasitoidsof the elm pest Orchestes steppensis(Coleoptera:Curculionidae)in Xinjiang,China[J].Bulletin of Entomological Research,2018,108(1): 48-57.
[2]趙兵,荊衛(wèi),朱茵,等.為害榆樹害蟲—榆跳象[J].新疆農 墾科技,1996,19(6):8. ZHAO Bing,JING Wei, ZHU Yin,et al. An elm pest - elm jumping elephant[J]. Xinjiang Farm Research of Science and Technology,1996,19(6): 8.
[3]阿不都瓦哈·艾再子,阿地力·沙塔爾.榆跳象對榆樹種類 的選擇性及幼蟲空間分布調查[J].新疆農業(yè)大學學報, 2016,39(2):127-131. Abuduwaha Aizaizi,Adili Shataer.Survey on selecting elm types and spatial distribution of larvae of rnynchaenus dlni Linnaeus [J]. Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,2016,39(2): 127 -131.
[4]楊永剛,吳儀,程曉甜,等.新疆地區(qū)榆跳象囊泡數與被害 葉片相關性分析[J].中國森林病蟲,2018,37(1):21-23. YANG Yonggang,WU Yi, CHENG Xiaotian,et al. Correlation analysis between damaged leaf and number of vesicle of Rhynchaenus alini[J]. Forest Pest and Disease,2018,37(1): 21-23.
[5]Knolhoff L M,Heckel D G.Behavioral assays for studies of host plant choice and adaptation in herbivorous insects[J].Annual Review of Entomology,2014, 59: 263-278.
[6]Huang Q T,Han X Q, Zhang G J,et al.Plant volatiles mediate hostselection of Sitodiplosismosellana(Diptera:Cecidomyiidae) among wheat varieties[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2022,70(34):10466-10475.
[7]ChenP,Dai CG,LiuH,etal.Identification of key headspace volatile compounds signaling preference for rice over corn in adult females of the rice leaf folder Cnaphalocrocis medinalis[J].Journal of Agricultural andFood Chemistry,2022,70(32):9826- 9833.
[8]羅進倉,劉長仲,周昭旭.不同寄主植物上馬鈴薯甲蟲種群 生長發(fā)育的比較研究[J].昆蟲學報,2012,55(1):84-90. LUO Jincang,LIU Changzhong,ZHOU Zhaoxu. A comparative study of development and reproduction of the Colorado potato beetle,Leptinotarsa decemlineata(Say)(Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae),on diferent hostplants[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica, 2012, 55(1):84-90
[9]張抒,范國權,高艷玲,等.馬鈴薯甲蟲與寄主植物間的共 進化及其防治[J].中國馬鈴薯,2018,32(6):367-373. ZHANG Shu, FAN Guoquan, GAO Yanling,et al. Co - evolution of Colorado potato beetles with host plants and their controls [J].Chinese Potato Journal,2018,32(6): 367 -373.
[10]王瑞笛.白星花金龜對不同揮發(fā)物的行為反應[D].石河 子:石河子大學,2019. WANG Ruidi.Behavioral response of scarab to diferent volatiles [D].Shihezi: Shihezi University,2019.
[11]王光宇,張萌萌,陳立.白星花金龜對寄主植物揮發(fā)物的 電生理反應[J].昆蟲學報,2022,65(3):322-332. WANG Guangyu, ZHANG Mengmeng, CHEN Li. Electrophysiological responses of Protaetia brevitarsis(Coleoptera:Scarabaeidae)to host plant volatiles[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2022, 65(3):322-332.
[12]李曉維,李棟,郭文超,等.番茄潛葉蛾對4種茄科植物的 適應性研究[J].植物檢疫,2019,33(3):1-5. LI Xiaowei,LI Dong,GUO Wenchao,etal.Host-plant suitability of South America tomatopinworm Tuta absoluta(Meyrick) (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae)on four solanaceousplants[J]. Plant Quarantine,2019,33(3): 1-5.
[13]李曉維,易松望,陳利民,等.番茄潛葉蛾行為調控技術研 究進展[J].昆蟲學報,2023,66(6):835-848. LI Xiaowei,YI Songwang,CHEN Limin,et al.Research progress of behavioral manipulation techniquesof Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera:Gelechidae)[J]. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 2023,66(6): 835-848.
[14]姜斯琪.寄主與非寄主植物揮發(fā)物對銀杏大蠶蛾(Dictyoploca japonica)寄主選擇的影響[D].長春:東北師范大學, 2019. JIANG Siqi. Effects of host and non -host plant volatiles on host selection of Ginkgo moth (Dictyoploca japonica)[D]. Changchun:Northeast Normal University,2019.
[15]楊美紅.榆木蠹蛾對寄主揮發(fā)性物質的行為反應及植物源 引誘劑研究[D].太谷:山西農業(yè)大學,2019. YANG Meihong. Study on the behavioral response of Holcocerus vicarius Walker to host volatile substances and plant attractants [D].Taigu:Shanxi Agricultural University,2019.
[16]李婭婭,陳立,魏洪義.4種金龜甲的寄主偏好性及對不同 植物揮發(fā)物的EAG反應[J].環(huán)境昆蟲學報,2018,40(6): 1328 -1334. LI Yaya,CHENLi,WEI Hongyi.Host preference and EAG response of 4 scarab betles to head space volatiles of host and non -hostplants[J]. Journal of Environmental Entomology,2018, 40(6): 1328 -1334.
[17]程彬.榆樹—榆紫葉甲的化學通訊機制[D].哈爾濱:東北 林業(yè)大學,2010. CHENG Bin. Chemical communication mechanism between Ulmus pumila and Ulmus pumila[D].Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2010.
[18]KorotyaevBA.On the distribution dynamics of some beetles (Coleoptera:Coccinellidae,Bruchidae,Curculionidae)in the Plains of the northwestern Caucasus,Rusia[J].Entomological Review,2015,95(1):137-140.
[19]Korotyaev B A. New data on the changes in the abundance and distribution of several species of beetles(Coleoptera)in European Russia and the Caucasus[J]. Entomological Review,2016,96 (5):620-630.
[20]Korotyaev BA,Sofronova E V. New data on the distribution and host plantsof weevils(Coleoptera,Curculionoidea:Apionidae,Curculionidae)in the southof Baikal Siberia and in Mongolia[J]. Entomological Review,2016,96(9): 1289-1296.
[21]Korotyaev B A,Ryaskin D I. New data on the distribution of the flea-weevil Orchestes steppensis kor. (Coleoptera,Curculionidae: rhamphini) in European Russia[J]. Entomological Review, 2018,98(3):380-382.
[22]Vlasov DV.Finding of the flea -weevil Orchestes steppensis korotyaev,2O16(Coleoptera,Curculionidae:rhamphini)in yaroslavl province[J].Entomological Review,2019,99(9):1389- 1390. 18(1):26-27. WANG Zhaotang,CHEN Yuanqing.Preliminary report on the studyof elm jumping elephant[J].EntomologicalKnowledge, 1981,18(1) : 26 -27.
[24]張百仁,徐作剛,申玲.伊犁地區(qū)新害蟲一 -榆跳象[J]. 新疆林業(yè),2000,(1):45. ZHANG Bairen,XU Zuogang,SHEN Ling. A new pest in Yili—Ulmus pumila[J]. Forestry of Xinjiang,20oo,(1): 45.
[25]Radl J. Field and bioassay evaluations of elm flea weevil (Orchestes steppensis Korotyaev)adult feeding preference and larval mine presence among new American(Ulmus americana)and hybrid elm (Ulmus spp.)cultivars[D]. Columbus:The Ohio State University, 2018.
[26]王超,張黨權,張贊培,等.室溫下榆木揮發(fā)性成分的釋放 特征[J].林產工業(yè),2021,58(7):16-21. WANG Chao, ZHANG Dangquan, ZHANG Zanpei, et al. Release characteristics of volatile components from Ulmus pumila at room temperature[J]. China Forest Products Industry,2021,58 (7): 16-21.
[27]黃毅.柳尖胸沫蟬對寄主植物定位機制的研究[D].哈爾 濱:東北林業(yè)大學,2021. HUANG Yi. Study on the location mechanism of Cicada to host plants[D]. Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2021.
[28]Wegener R,Schulz S,Meiners T,et al.Analysis of volatiles induced by ovipositionof elm leaf beetle Xanthogaleruca luteola on Ulmus minor[J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology,2001,27 (3): 499-515.
[29]孫曉玲.云杉八齒小蠹化學信息物質的研究[D].哈爾濱: 東北林業(yè)大學,2006. SUN Xiaoling.Study on chemical information substances of Picea asperata[D].Harbin:Northeast Forestry University,2006.
[30]熱孜宛古麗·阿卜杜克熱木.三種寄主植物揮發(fā)物對2種 金龜甲生物活性的研究[D].北京:中國農業(yè)科學院,2018. Reziwanguli Abudukeremu.Study on biological activitiesof volatiles from three host plants to two scarabs[D].Beijing:Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,2018.
[31]MillarJG,Zhao C H,LanierG N,et al.Components of moribundAmericanelm treesasattractantsto elmbark beetles,Hylurgopinus rufipes and Scolytus multistriatus[J]. Journal of Chemical Ecology,1986,12(3):583-608.
[32]李玉華,劉洪軍.榆跳象發(fā)生與防治研究[J].遼寧農業(yè)科 學,2004,(1):100. LI Yuhua,LIU Hongjun. Research on the occurrence and prevention of Rhynchaenus alni[J]. Liaoning Agricultural Sciences, 2004,(1) : 100.
[33]王曉輝,金奕軒,王艷輝,等.褐飛虱對水稻特異性揮發(fā)物 的行為反應[J].應用昆蟲學報,2022,59(1):50-57. WANG Xiaohui, JIN Yixuan,WANG Yanhui,et al. Responses of brown planthopper,Nilaparvata lugens(St? 1) to specific rice plant volatile organic compounds(VOCs)[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Entomology,2022,59(1):50-57.
[34]賈志飛,仇延鑫,趙永超,等.植物揮發(fā)物對昆蟲的驅避和 引誘作用研究進展[J].山東農業(yè)科學,2022,54(7):164- 172. JIA Zhifei,QIU Yanxin,ZHAO Yongchao,et al.Advances of research on repellency and attraction ofplant volatiles to insects [J].ShandongAgricultural Sciences,2022,54(7):164-12.
[35]Chinta S,Dickens JC,Aldrich JR.Olfactory reception of potential pheromonesand plant odors by tarnished plant bug,Lygus lineolaris(Hemiptera:Miridae)[J].Journal of Chemical Ecology,1994,20(12):3251-3267.
[36]羅宗秀,蔡曉明,邊磊,等.茶樹害蟲性信息素研究與應用 進展[J].茶葉科學,2016,36(3):229-236. LUO Zongxiu,CAI Xiaoming,BIAN Lei,et al. Advance in research and application of sex pheromone of tea( Camelia sinensis) pest[J]. Journal of Tea Science,2016,36(3):229-236.
[37]管維康,王小云,陸溫,等.朱紅毛斑蛾對榕樹揮發(fā)物的觸 角電位及行為反應[J].森林與環(huán)境學報,2020,40(4):442 -448. GUAN Weikang, WANG Xiaoyun,LU Wen,etal. Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of Phauda flammans to plant volatiles isolated from two Ficus species[J]. Journal of Forest and Environment,2020,40(4) : 442-448.
[38]Li WZ,Sheng ZY,Hu JJ,et al.Effect of volatiles emitted from wilted Populus nigra L. leaves on the mating and oviposition of Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner)[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2021,41(2):143-149.
[39]陳展冊,蘇麗,戈峰,等.綠盲蝽對性信息素類似物和植物 揮發(fā)物的觸角電位反應[J].昆蟲學報,2010,53(1):47- 54. CHEN Zhance,SU Li, GE Feng, et al. Electroantennogram responses of the green leaf bug,Lygus lucorum Meyer-Dr(Hemiptera:Miridae),to sexpheromone analogsandplant volatiles [J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2010,53(1):47-54.
[40]尹海辰,李文靜,許敏,等.綠盲蝽和中黑盲蝽對5種植物 提取物的觸角電位和嗅覺反應[J].植物保護,2021,47(6): 134 -140. YIN Haichen,LI Wenjing,XU Min,etal.Electroantennogram and olfactory response of Apolygus lucorum and Adelphocoris suturalis to extracts of five plants[J].Plant Protection,2021,47 (6):134 -140.
[41]Cao Y,Pistillo O M,LouYB,et al.Electrophysiological and behavioural responses of Stegobium paniceum to volatile compounds from Chinese medicinal plant materials[J].Pest Management Science,2022,78(8) : 3697-3703.
[42]Ikeda T, Oda K, Yamane A,et al.Volatiles from pine logs as theattractantfor the Japanesepine sawyer Monochamusalternatus Hope(Coleoptera:Cerambycidae)[J].Journal ofJapaneseForest Society,1980,62:150-152.
[43]趙錦年,蔣平,張星耀,等.松褐天牛緩釋型引誘劑及其引 誘效果研究[J].林業(yè)科學研究,2011,24(3):350-356. ZHAO Jinnian, JIANG Ping, ZHANG Xingyao,et al. Study on the slow -release attractant for Monochamus alternatus and its attractive effect[J].Forest Research,2011,24(3):350-356.
[44]陳元生,李方興,溫德華.松褐天牛植物源引誘劑研究進 展[J].河南農業(yè)科學,2014,43(4):5-10. CHEN Yuansheng,LI Fangxing,WEN Dehua. Review of research on attractant from plants to Monochamus alternatus hope [J]. Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences,2014,43(4) : 5- 10.
[45]CaiXM,XuXX,BianL,etal.Attractivenessofhostvolatilescombined with background visual cues to the tea leafhopper, Empoasca vitis[J].Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata,2015,157(3):291-299.
[46]王新花,龐獻偉,李冬梅,等.一種緩釋型雙條杉天牛引誘 劑緩釋效果的研究[J].中國生物防治學報,2015,31(3):416-422. WANGXinhua,PANGXianwei,LIDongmei,etal.Effectof slow-releasing atractants on the Semanotus bifasciatus[J].ChineseJournalofBiologicalControl,2015,31(3):416-422.
[47]李可,XIAYu-Lu,樊永亮,等.柑橘大實蠅Bactroceraminax(enderlein)引誘劑研究概況[J].應用昆蟲學報,2019, 56(3):426-432. LIKe,XIAYULU,F(xiàn)ANYongliang,etal.Recentadvancesin research onattractantsforthe ChineseCitrusfly,Bactrocera minax(Enderlein)[J].ChineseJournal of Applied Entomology, 2019,56(3):426-432.
Abstract:【Objective】 This study aims to investigate the selective behavioral response of Orchestes steppensis to five Ulmus (elm)leaf species and analyze the volatile composition of these leaves. The goal is to find out whether plant volatiles are responsible for the selection preference of o . steppensis for five species of elm. 【Methods】Air was used as a blank control odor source,and the behavioral responses of air - U .pumila, air - U. pumila L. cv. Tenue',air- U. davidiana‘Changzhi’,air- U .densa,and air- U laciniata were determined using a four -armed olfactometer. On this basis,the behavioral responses of o . steppensis to the above selected elm leaves were determined using afour-armed olfactometer,and the number of males and femalesarriving atthe odor source vialsand the time of arrival were recorded to compare the selective preferences of o .steppensis for the leaves of the five species of elm. The volatile components of the five species of elm leaves were detected by solid - phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography -mass spectrometry.【Results】 o .steppensis showed no selective behavior for U . laciniata and chose the remaining four elm species,but there was a selective preference,preferring U :pumila,followedby U pumilaL.cv.Tenue', then U .densa,and finally U . davidiana. The number of choices made by females for υ .pumila, U pumila L. cv.Tenue',and U . densa were all highly significantly higher than those made by males,while there was no significant diference between the number of choices made by male and female adults for U davidiana. In terms of reaction time, o .steppensis females took the longest time to reach U . davidiana,which was significantlyhigher than those of U densa, U. :pumila,and U .pumilaL.cv.Tenue',while males took longer time to reach U . davidiana and U . densa,which was significantly higher than that of U pumila and U .pumila L. cv.Tenue:The results of the GC-MS analyses showed that a total of 79 compounds were identified from five elm leaf volatiles,and 20,18, 31, 23 and 10 compounds were detected respectively in U .pumila, U .pumila L.cv.Tenue, U .davidiana,U.densa,and U .laciniata leafvolatiles.【Conclusion】Elmleaf volatiles are responsible for o .steppensis feeding preferences on five species of elm.
Key words:Orchestes steppensis; Ulmus ; remote directional selection;favorite hosts;host plant volatiles