[摘 要]在注重英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用能力的趨勢(shì)下,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的聽(tīng)力顯得尤為重要。文章旨在探討高考評(píng)價(jià)導(dǎo)向下的高中英語(yǔ)主題式聽(tīng)力作業(yè)的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)施策略,通過(guò)分析高考英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力部分的評(píng)價(jià)要求,提出了一系列針對(duì)高中英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力教學(xué)的設(shè)計(jì)原則和實(shí)踐方法。文章聚焦于如何設(shè)計(jì)貼近學(xué)生生活、符合高考評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的高中英語(yǔ)主題式聽(tīng)力作業(yè),探析創(chuàng)新作業(yè)形式以提升學(xué)生的聽(tīng)力、跨文化交際能力以及語(yǔ)言綜合運(yùn)用能力。
[關(guān)鍵詞]高考評(píng)價(jià);高中英語(yǔ);主題式;聽(tīng)力作業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)
[中圖分類號(hào)]" " G633.41" " " " " " " " [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼]" " A" " " " " " " " [文章編號(hào)]" " 1674-6058(2025)07-0030-05
全球化時(shí)代背景下,英語(yǔ)是重要的國(guó)際交流語(yǔ)言,因此,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力至關(guān)重要。高考英語(yǔ)作為評(píng)價(jià)學(xué)生學(xué)業(yè)水平的重要標(biāo)準(zhǔn),其聽(tīng)力部分的評(píng)價(jià)導(dǎo)向關(guān)注實(shí)際語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。如何在高考評(píng)價(jià)導(dǎo)向下設(shè)計(jì)有效的英語(yǔ)主題式聽(tīng)力作業(yè),成為教學(xué)關(guān)注點(diǎn)。
一、根據(jù)高考要求,明確聽(tīng)力目標(biāo)
在高考評(píng)價(jià)體系中,英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力部分始終占據(jù)舉足輕重的地位。聽(tīng)力測(cè)試內(nèi)容不僅能考查學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)掌握情況,而且能評(píng)估他們的實(shí)際語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力。因此,必須根據(jù)高考要求,收集整理高考英語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)主題內(nèi)容來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)高中英語(yǔ)主題式聽(tīng)力作業(yè),有針對(duì)性地提升學(xué)生的聽(tīng)力。在設(shè)計(jì)課堂聽(tīng)力作業(yè)時(shí),需明確高考英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力部分考查的具體技能,包括但不限于理解主旨大意的能力、捕捉關(guān)鍵信息的能力以及推斷隱含意義的能力。例如,對(duì)話類主題式聽(tīng)力作業(yè)是高考英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力考查主題類別之一,因此,此類作業(yè)需要教師認(rèn)真分析探索。
以2022年某省高考英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力真題為例,以下是真題內(nèi)容:
Speaker 1:Hey,have you heard from Jane recently?
Speaker 2:Yeah,she was talking about her plans for the weekend.
Speaker 1:Oh,really?What's she planning to do?
Speaker 2:Well,she mentioned going to the beach,but she also said there's a music festival she's interested in.
Speaker 1:Sounds like she has a tough choice to make.
Speaker 2:Yeah, she loves both activities. I'm not sure what she'll decide.
聽(tīng)力對(duì)話之后的題目設(shè)計(jì)如下:
What is Jane most likely to do this weekend?
A. Go to the beach.
B. Attend a music festival.
C. Not enough information to decide.
教師在課堂上引導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行如下作業(yè)分析。
這是一段關(guān)于周末計(jì)劃的對(duì)話。兩位說(shuō)話者討論了他們的朋友Jane的周末活動(dòng)安排,提及Jane可能去海邊或者參加一個(gè)音樂(lè)節(jié),并就此展開(kāi)閑聊。從中可以看出高考英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力要求:第一,捕捉關(guān)鍵信息的能力,如對(duì)話中提到了“beach”和“music festival”兩個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞,考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉到這些信息,以理解對(duì)話的主要內(nèi)容;第二,理解對(duì)話主旨,如對(duì)話主要是圍繞Jane的周末計(jì)劃展開(kāi)的,考生需要理解這一點(diǎn),以便更好地回答相關(guān)問(wèn)題;第三,推斷隱含意義,如雖然對(duì)話中沒(méi)有直接說(shuō)明Jane最終的選擇,但考生需要通過(guò)對(duì)話中的線索來(lái)推斷Jane的傾向。
除了上述具體的作業(yè)設(shè)計(jì),教師還可以根據(jù)學(xué)生的實(shí)際情況和高考要求的變化,不斷調(diào)整和優(yōu)化作業(yè)內(nèi)容。例如,教師可以根據(jù)高考英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力部分的題型變化,創(chuàng)新作業(yè)形式,如聽(tīng)力填空、聽(tīng)力選擇等。
二、貼近學(xué)生生活,激發(fā)學(xué)習(xí)興趣
在高中英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力教學(xué)中,選擇貼近學(xué)生生活的主題材料至關(guān)重要。生活類英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力材料不僅能夠激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣和積極性,還能夠加強(qiáng)他們對(duì)聽(tīng)力內(nèi)容的理解和認(rèn)同感。因此,教師在設(shè)計(jì)高中英語(yǔ)主題式聽(tīng)力作業(yè)時(shí),應(yīng)充分考慮學(xué)生的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和興趣愛(ài)好,確保作業(yè)內(nèi)容能夠與學(xué)生的實(shí)際情況緊密聯(lián)系。生活類主題式聽(tīng)力作業(yè)作為學(xué)生課后的訓(xùn)練,能培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的聽(tīng)力語(yǔ)感。教師通過(guò)與學(xué)生交流和觀察他們的日常行為,可以發(fā)現(xiàn)他們對(duì)哪些話題感興趣、對(duì)哪些活動(dòng)參與度高等。基于這些信息,教師可以選擇與之相關(guān)的主題來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)聽(tīng)力材料。
例如,在教學(xué)“Healthy Lifestyle”的內(nèi)容之后,教師可以進(jìn)行如下課后聽(tīng)力作業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)。
Healthy Lifestyle-Themed Listening Assignment
Title: Healthy Habits for a Better Life
Listening Material Description:
The listening material will consist of a short dialogue between two students discussing their efforts to adopt a healthier lifestyle. The dialogue will cover topics such as their daily exercise routine, dietary changes they've made, and the benefits they've noticed since adopting these healthy habits.
Listening Assignment:
Pre-listening: Ask students to brainstorm what they think a healthy lifestyle might include (e.g., diet, exercise, sleep habits).
During listening: Play the audio dialogue once, asking students to listen for key information about the healthy habits discussed by the two students.
Post-listening:Have students answer the following questions based on what they heard in the dialogue:
What are the two main healthy habits discussed by the students?
How have the students adopting these habits benefited?
What challenges,if any,have the students faced in maintaining these habits?
What advice do the students give for someone trying to adopt a healthier lifestyle?
Discussion:Invite students to share their answers and discuss their own experiences or challenges with adopting a healthy lifestyle. Encourage them to share tips and strategies that have worked for them.
Extension Activity(optional):Ask students to create their own healthy lifestyle plan, including diet,exercise,and rest habits.They can then share their plans with the class and discuss how they plan to implement and stick to them.
除了上述具體的作業(yè)設(shè)計(jì),教師還可以根據(jù)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)需求和興趣點(diǎn)不斷調(diào)整和優(yōu)化作業(yè)內(nèi)容。例如,可以根據(jù)學(xué)生的反饋意見(jiàn)增加一些與他們的生活密切相關(guān)的話題或場(chǎng)景;還可以利用多媒體技術(shù)制作生動(dòng)有趣的聽(tīng)力材料,如視頻片段、音頻剪輯等。
三、綜合訓(xùn)練技能,加大理解深度
在基于高考評(píng)價(jià)的高中英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力教學(xué)中,教師應(yīng)綜合訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的聽(tīng)力,加大他們的理解深度。聽(tīng)力理解不僅要求學(xué)生捕捉表面信息,而且要求他們對(duì)所聽(tīng)到的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行深入分析和思考,從而理解主旨大意、捕捉關(guān)鍵信息、推斷隱含意義。因此,基于核心主題,教師可設(shè)計(jì)一些課堂聽(tīng)力作業(yè)。理解主旨大意是聽(tīng)力理解的基礎(chǔ),在設(shè)計(jì)作業(yè)時(shí),教師應(yīng)選擇能夠明確表達(dá)主旨大意的聽(tīng)力材料,并設(shè)置相應(yīng)的問(wèn)題,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生把握材料的中心思想。
例如,在以“科幻探索”為主題的聽(tīng)力作業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)中,教師可選擇一段關(guān)于未來(lái)科技的訪談作為聽(tīng)力材料,設(shè)計(jì)如下課堂聽(tīng)力作業(yè)。
Listening Assignment:\"Science Fiction Explor-
ation\" Theme
Listening Material:
Interviewer:\"Good morning, and welcome to our program.Today,we have a panel of distinguished scientists who will share their insights on future technological trends.Dr.Alice Johnson,a leading expert in artificial intelligence, Dr. Michael Wang, a renowned space scientist,and Dr. David Lee,a pioneer in virtual reality,are with us today.Let's dive right into the discussion.\"
\"Dr. Johnson, could you give us a glimpse into the future of artificial intelligence?\"
Dr. Johnson:\"Certainly.We are on the cusp of a major breakthrough in AI. In the near future,we can expect AI systems to become even more intelligent and capable of handling complex tasks with minimal human intervention. For instance,self-driving cars that can navigate complex road conditions or AI-powered medical diagnostic systems that can detect diseases with higher accuracy than ever before.\"
Interviewer:\"Fascinating. Dr. Wang, how about space exploration? What exciting developments can we look forward to?\"
Dr. Wang:\"Well, space exploration is entering a new era.We are on the verge of sending manned missions to Mars,and there's also talk of establishing a permanent human presence on the moon. Additionally,we're seeing advancements in robotics and remote sensing technologies that will allow us to explore even further into our solar system and beyond.\"
Interviewer:\"Incredible!And Dr.Lee,virtual reality has been a hot topic lately.What are your thoughts on its future?\"
Dr. Lee:\"Virtual reality is poised to revolutionize the way we interact with technology.In the coming years,we can expect VR to become more immersive,realistic, and accessible. It will transform not just gaming but also education,healthcare,and even the way we socialize. Imagine attending a virtual concert with friends from across the globe or undergoing medical training in a simulated environment.\"
Interviewer:\"It sounds like we're heading towards a very exciting future indeed. Thank you,gentlemen,for sharing your insights with us today.\"
Part 1:Understanding the Main Idea
Listen to the interview and summarize the main idea of the discussion in one or two sentences.
Part 2:Capturing Key Details
Fill in the blanks with the correct information from the interview.
1.According to the scientists, one of the major breakthroughs in artificial intelligence will be" " " " " ".
2.The upcoming space exploration project," " " ", aims to explore" " " " " .
3.Virtual reality technology is expected to revolutionize the way we" " " " " .
Choose the correct answer based on the interview.
1.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a potential challenge of future technology?
A. Ethical concerns
B. Lack of funding
C. Fast-paced technological advancements
D. Public acceptance
2.The scientists believe that" " " " " "will have the biggest impact on society in the next decade.
A. Artificial intelligence
B. Space exploration
C. Virtual reality
D. Genetic engineering
在設(shè)計(jì)主題式聽(tīng)力作業(yè)時(shí),教師應(yīng)注重綜合訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的這些技能,以幫助他們提升聽(tīng)力。
四、融入跨文化元素,開(kāi)闊國(guó)際視野
在全球化時(shí)代背景下,跨文化交際能力已經(jīng)成為高中生必備的素養(yǎng)之一。因此,教師在設(shè)計(jì)高中英語(yǔ)主題式聽(tīng)力作業(yè)時(shí),融入跨文化元素顯得尤為重要。
融入跨文化元素能夠幫助學(xué)生開(kāi)闊國(guó)際視野,通過(guò)接觸不同文化背景的聽(tīng)力材料,學(xué)生能夠了解到世界上各個(gè)國(guó)家和地區(qū)的文化特色、社會(huì)習(xí)俗等信息。這些信息不僅能夠增加他們的知識(shí)儲(chǔ)備,還能夠豐富他們的思維方式和拓寬他們的視野范圍。例如,從一段關(guān)于國(guó)際學(xué)生交流活動(dòng)的聽(tīng)力材料中,學(xué)生可以了解到不同國(guó)家學(xué)生的文化背景、學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)歷和生活方式等信息,進(jìn)而增強(qiáng)他們的跨文化意識(shí)和跨文化交際能力??缥幕庾R(shí)是指?jìng)€(gè)體或群體在跨文化交際中表現(xiàn)出的認(rèn)知能力和行為素養(yǎng)。通過(guò)接觸不同文化背景的聽(tīng)力材料,學(xué)生能夠逐漸提升對(duì)不同文化的敏感度和洞察力,從而更好地滿足語(yǔ)言交際需求。例如,從一段關(guān)于商務(wù)談判的聽(tīng)力材料中,學(xué)生可以了解到不同文化背景的商務(wù)談判風(fēng)格和禮儀規(guī)范等信息,進(jìn)而提高他們的跨文化交際能力。融入跨文化元素能夠培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的全球化思維。全球化思維是指在全球互聯(lián)背景下形成的系統(tǒng)性認(rèn)知模式和實(shí)踐能力。通過(guò)接觸不同文化背景下的聽(tīng)力材料,學(xué)生能夠逐漸形成從全球視角思考問(wèn)題的方式和習(xí)慣,從而更好地應(yīng)對(duì)全球化帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)和機(jī)遇。例如,從一段關(guān)于全球氣候變化的聽(tīng)力材料中,學(xué)生可以了解到全球氣候變化的原因、影響以及應(yīng)對(duì)措施等信息,進(jìn)而增強(qiáng)他們的全球化意識(shí)和責(zé)任感。
例如,在以“國(guó)際交流”為主題的聽(tīng)力作業(yè)中,教師可選擇一段關(guān)于國(guó)際學(xué)生交流活動(dòng)的對(duì)話內(nèi)容作為聽(tīng)力材料,并設(shè)計(jì)如下聽(tīng)力作業(yè)。
[聽(tīng)力材料1]
Alice:Hi Bob,how are you enjoying your stay in the US so far?
Bob:Hi Alice,it's been great!I'm learning a lot about American culture and making new friends.
Alice:That's wonderful!Have you noticed any big differences between American culture and your own?
Bob:Definitely. In my country, we usually greet each other with a handshake,but here people often hug or kiss on the cheek. Also,I'm still getting used to the tipping culture in restaurants.
Alice:Those are interesting observations.How about academic differences?
Bob:Well,I find that American professors encourage more class participation and discussion,whereas in my country, the focus is more on lectures and note-taking.
問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì):
According to Bob, what are some cultural differences he has noticed between America and his home country?
How does Bob describe the academic differences between American classrooms and those in his country?
通過(guò)這樣的引導(dǎo)和分析,使學(xué)生能夠更加深入地了解不同文化背景下的語(yǔ)言交際習(xí)慣和社會(huì)規(guī)范,從而培養(yǎng)他們的跨文化意識(shí)和全球化思維。
五、創(chuàng)新作業(yè)形式,豐富實(shí)踐體驗(yàn)
在傳統(tǒng)的英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力教學(xué)中,有時(shí)作業(yè)形式不夠多樣,主要是書(shū)面練習(xí)和聽(tīng)錄音回答問(wèn)題。然而,這類作業(yè)形式難以激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣和提升其參與度,也難以滿足學(xué)生全面提升英語(yǔ)能力的需求。因此,設(shè)計(jì)多樣的作業(yè)形式,創(chuàng)新教學(xué)方式,成為提升英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力教學(xué)效果的重要途徑。
創(chuàng)新作業(yè)形式的目的是豐富學(xué)生的實(shí)踐體驗(yàn),讓他們?cè)谡鎸?shí)或模擬的情境中運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí),提升英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力。通過(guò)角色扮演、小組討論等多樣的作業(yè)形式,學(xué)生能夠在互動(dòng)中學(xué)習(xí),在實(shí)踐中提升,更好地掌握英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力技能。
例如,以“旅行計(jì)劃”為主題的聽(tīng)力作業(yè),教師可采用角色扮演的形式來(lái)設(shè)計(jì),讓學(xué)生在模擬的情境中運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)進(jìn)行真實(shí)的語(yǔ)言交際,從而豐富他們的實(shí)踐體驗(yàn)。
[聽(tīng)力材料2]
Agent:Hello,welcome to XYZ Travel Agency.How can I assist you today?
Customer:Hi,I'm interested in a trip to Europe.Do you have any packages available?
Agent:Absolutely,we have a variety of packages.Are you looking for a specific country or city you'd like to visit?
Customer:I'd love to visit Paris and Rome. What options do I have?
Agent:We have a 10-day package that covers both cities.It includes flights,accommodation,and some guided tours. Would you be interested in that?
Customer:That sounds great. How much does it cost?
Agent:The total cost for the package is $3500. Does that work for your budget?
問(wèn)題設(shè)計(jì):
What cities does the customer express interest in visiting?
How much does the 10-day travel package to Paris and Rome cost?
通過(guò)角色扮演的作業(yè)形式,學(xué)生能夠在模擬的情境中運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)進(jìn)行真實(shí)的語(yǔ)言交際。角色扮演作業(yè)能夠激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣和提升其參與度,讓他們?cè)谳p松愉快的氛圍中學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力技能。除了角色扮演作業(yè),教師還可以設(shè)計(jì)其他聽(tīng)力作業(yè)來(lái)豐富學(xué)生的實(shí)踐體驗(yàn)。例如,教師可以設(shè)計(jì)聽(tīng)力填空作業(yè),讓學(xué)生在聽(tīng)材料的同時(shí)填寫(xiě)關(guān)鍵信息或完成句子;教師還可以設(shè)計(jì)小組討論作業(yè),讓學(xué)生在小組內(nèi)討論聽(tīng)力材料中的話題并發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)。
綜上所述,通過(guò)對(duì)高考評(píng)價(jià)導(dǎo)向下的高中英語(yǔ)主題式聽(tīng)力作業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行深入探索,可發(fā)現(xiàn)聽(tīng)力教學(xué)的創(chuàng)新不僅在于內(nèi)容的選擇,而且在于形式的多樣和實(shí)踐性的增強(qiáng)。根據(jù)高考要求、貼近學(xué)生生活、訓(xùn)練綜合技能、融入跨文化元素以及創(chuàng)新作業(yè)形式,這些策略共同構(gòu)成提升學(xué)生聽(tīng)力、跨文化交際能力以及語(yǔ)言綜合運(yùn)用能力的有效路徑。在未來(lái)的教學(xué)中,期待更多教師能夠?qū)⑦@些策略融入實(shí)踐,不斷探索和創(chuàng)新,為學(xué)生提供更加豐富、多元、高效的聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練體驗(yàn),助力他們?cè)诟呖贾腥〉脙?yōu)異成績(jī),同時(shí)為他們的全面發(fā)展奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。
[" "參" "考" "文" "獻(xiàn)" "]
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[2]" 束金釗.多模態(tài)教學(xué)對(duì)高中英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力技能的影響[J].高考,2023(33):84-86.
[3]" 雷彤.剖析聽(tīng)力真題,應(yīng)對(duì)2024年高考[J].教學(xué)考試,2023(48):38-41.
[4]" 石雯婷.新高考下縣域高中英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力教學(xué)的策略研究[J].試題與研究,2023(31):46-48.
[5]" 周海萍.高中英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力作業(yè)的設(shè)計(jì)及應(yīng)用[J].新課程, 2020(46):196.
[6]" 周妨.優(yōu)化高中英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力教學(xué)的策略[J].英語(yǔ)畫(huà)刊(高級(jí)版),2019(22):61.
(責(zé)任編輯" " 黃" " 曉)