摘要:【目的】評(píng)價(jià)中國(guó)不同地區(qū)中獼2號(hào)果實(shí)品質(zhì),建立品質(zhì)綜合評(píng)價(jià)體系?!痉椒ā恳詠碓从谥袊?guó)12個(gè)省份的中獼2號(hào)果實(shí)為試材,對(duì)果實(shí)外觀品質(zhì)和內(nèi)在品質(zhì)進(jìn)行測(cè)定與分析,利用相關(guān)性分析和主成分分析對(duì)不同地區(qū)中獼2號(hào)果實(shí)品質(zhì)進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià)?!窘Y(jié)果】中國(guó)不同地區(qū)中獼2號(hào)果實(shí)品質(zhì)存在差異,其中外觀品質(zhì)受地區(qū)影響較小。通過綜合相關(guān)性和主成分分析的結(jié)果,篩選出橫徑和硬度作為果實(shí)外觀品質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)的核心指標(biāo),果糖、維生素C和單寧含量作為果實(shí)內(nèi)在品質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)的核心指標(biāo)。建立了中獼2號(hào)果實(shí)品質(zhì)綜合評(píng)價(jià)方程:F綜=0.395F1+0.163F2+0.157F3+0.104F4+0.725F5?!窘Y(jié)論】中獼2號(hào)適應(yīng)性強(qiáng),可在不同生態(tài)區(qū)域推廣種植。
關(guān)鍵詞:中獼2號(hào)獼猴桃;果實(shí)品質(zhì);綜合評(píng)價(jià)
中圖分類號(hào):S663.4文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A文章編號(hào):1009-9980(2024)07-1368-10
Establishment of comprehensive evaluation system for fruit quality ofZhongmi No.2 kiwifruit from different regions of China
LI Yukuo1,2,LIN Miaomiao1,2,SONG Zhe1,3,ZHAN Xu1,4,LI Xiaohan1,3,QI Xiujuan1,2*
(1National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovationamp;Utilization of Horticultural Crops/Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450009,Henan,China;2Zhongyuan Research Center,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang 454300,Henan,China;3School of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001,Henan,Chi-na;4College of Horticulture and Plant Protection,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471000,Henan,China)
Abstract:【Objective】The present experiment was undertaken to assess fruit quality of Zhongmi No.2from different regions of China and establish the comprehensive evaluation system for fruit quality.【Methods】Zhongmi No.2 fruit samples from 12 provinces were selected as experimental materials.Single fruit weight was measured using an electronic balance.The vertical and horizontal fruit diame-ters were measured with a vernier caliper,and the fruit shape index was calculated using the formula offruit vertical diameter/horizontal diameter.The fruit firmness was determined by the digital display pen-etrometer GY-4-J.Soluble solids content and titratable acids were determined by the digital sugar andacid meter(PAL-BXIACID8 Master Kit,ATAGO).The internal quality indexes,including vitamin C,fructose,glucose and sucrose contents were determined with the national standard GB 5009.86—2016,and the tannin content was determined with the industry standard NY/T 1600—2008.The correlation offruit quality indexes was analyzed to identify the relationships among different indexes using SPSS soft-ware.Principal component analysis of fruit indexes was conducted by SPSS software,and principalcomponent was extracted based on the criterion of feature values greater than one.The 15 fruit index da-ta were standardized as X1,……,X15,which multiplied the feature vectors with the standardized data to obtain the score expressions of the 5 principal components.The comprehensive evaluation equation of fruit quality was established using the principal component variance contribution rate as the weight.【Results】There were differences in the appearance quality indexes of Zhongmi No.2 in different re-gions of China.The single fruit weight of Sichuan Zhongmi No.2 was the smallest,while Shanghai was the biggest.The average single fruit weight was 110.07 g,with a coefficient of variation of 12.34%.The coefficient of variation for fruit vertical diameter,horizontal diameter and fruit shape index were 4.8%,7.66%and 6.28%,respectively,indicating that the single fruit weight and fruit shape were less af-fected by regional differences.There were differences in fruit firmness among different regions,with a variation range of 0.54-1.36 kg·cm-2 and a coefficient of variation of 21.37%,which indicated the firm-ness was more easily affected by different regions compared to single fruit weight and fruit shape,butthe coefficient of variation was still less than 30%that was relatively stable within a reasonable degree of dispersion.In summary,the appearance quality of Zhongmi No.2 fruit was less affected by differentregions,indicating its appearance had strong adaptability to different ecological environments.The aver-age value of soluble solid content of Zhongmi No.2 fruits from different regions of China was 18.14%with the coefficient of variation of 10.26%,and dry matter content was 20.15%with the coefficient of variation of 8.38%,indicating that soluble solid content and dry matter content were little influenced byregions,and the soluble solid content of Zhongmi No.2 was stable in different areas.The range of titrat-able acid was 0.36%-1.25%with the coefficient of variation of 36.84%,which indicated that the acidity was easily affected by different regions.Vitamin C is the characteristic indicator of kiwifruit.The aver-age value of Vitamin C of Zhongmi No.2 was 102.51 mg·100 g-1,and Vitamin C content was the high-est in the fruit of Yunnan(altitude 1840 m),with the value of 131 mg·100 g-1,while it was the lowest inthe fruit of Jiangxi(altitude 22 m),with the value of 71.73 mg·100 g-1,implying Vitamin C might be more accumulated in high altitude regions.Tannin is the main source of fruit astringency.The averagetannin content of Zhongmi No.2 from different regions of China was 787.75 mg·kg-1 with a coefficient of variation of 13.76%,indicating that tannin content was little influenced by different regions.Fruc-tose,glucose and sucrose are the main soluble sugars of fruits.The average values of fructose and glu-cose of Zhongmi No.2 were 4.69 mg·100 g-1 and 4.75 mg·100 g-1 respectively in different regions withsimilar content,and coefficient of variations were 18.02%and 19.99%,close to each other,while the av-erage value of sucrose content was 1.60 mg·100 g-1 with a coefficient of variation of 65.94%.This sug-gested fructose and glucose were main soluble sugars of Zhongmi No.2 with stable performance in dif-ferent regions,while sucrose content was relatively low and highly susceptible to regional influences.The results showed that there were high correlations among fruit quality indexes of Zhongmi No.2 in different regions,and those that were significantly relevant can be screened to simplify the evaluationsystem.Five principal components were extracted with the standard of eigenvalue greater than 1.Fruc-tose,Vitamin C,firmness,tannin content and horizontal diameter were the first,second,third,fourthand fifth principal component,respectively.The first,the second and the fourth principal componentsrepresented the internal quality of the fruit,and the third and the fifth principal components representedthe external quality of the fruit.The 15 fruit indexes of Zhongmi No.2 were standardized,and a com-prehensive evaluation formula(Fcom.=0.395F1+0.163F2+0.157F3+0.104F4+0.725F5)for fruit qual-ity using the principal component variance contribution rate as the weight was established.Based on theformula,the comprehensive scores of fruit quality in 12 provinces were:Chongqing,Shandong,Shang-hai,Guizhou,Zhejiang,Yunnan,Sichuan,Hunan,Jiangxi,Jiangsu,Henan and Hubei.The higher thecomprehensive score,the better the comprehensive quality of Zhongmi No.2 in the region.【Conclu-sion】Zhongmi No.2 has strong adaptability and can be promoted for planting in different ecological re-gions.
Keywords:Zhongmi No.2 kiwifruit;Fruit quality;Comprehensive evaluation
中國(guó)是獼猴桃最大的生產(chǎn)國(guó)和消費(fèi)國(guó)[1]。獼猴桃在中國(guó)不同地區(qū)存在明顯的區(qū)域適應(yīng)性,同一品種因地處不同生境條件,果實(shí)品質(zhì)存在較大差異。由于缺乏品種區(qū)劃研究,很多地區(qū)在引種時(shí)存在較大的盲目性與跟隨性,致使當(dāng)前中國(guó)獼猴桃品種布局不合理,優(yōu)良品種不能發(fā)揮最大效益,不僅損害果農(nóng)利益,也影響消費(fèi)者對(duì)中國(guó)獼猴桃品質(zhì)的認(rèn)可。果實(shí)綜合評(píng)價(jià)能夠反映品種品質(zhì)特征,為品種合理布局提供參考[2-3]。
果實(shí)品質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)方法主要有感官評(píng)價(jià)和儀器分析兩種:感官評(píng)價(jià)易受主觀因素影響,不能反映果實(shí)固有品質(zhì)特征;儀器分析能有效反映果實(shí)品質(zhì)[4-5]。當(dāng)前獼猴桃品質(zhì)研究多集中在栽培管理方面[6-8],雖有獼猴桃品質(zhì)指標(biāo)方面的報(bào)道,但測(cè)定指標(biāo)較少,且多為同一區(qū)域不同品種的品質(zhì)比較。廖欽洪等[9]對(duì)重慶市12個(gè)區(qū)縣的紅陽獼猴桃果實(shí)品質(zhì)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行了測(cè)定,并基于品質(zhì)特征建立了綜合評(píng)價(jià)體系,為重慶市紅陽獼猴桃的種植布局提供了依據(jù);江海等[10]測(cè)定了陜南主栽品種秦美、金魁、翠香、徐香、金艷、紅陽等11個(gè)獼猴桃果實(shí)品質(zhì)指標(biāo),為陜南地區(qū)獼猴桃品種結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整和產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展提供了參考;沈川等[11]構(gòu)建了秦巴山區(qū)20份野生美味獼猴桃果實(shí)品質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)體系,探究野生美味獼猴桃種質(zhì)資源多樣性,為后續(xù)育種提供了基礎(chǔ)。
針對(duì)單個(gè)獼猴桃品種的主成分分析和綜合評(píng)價(jià)也有相關(guān)報(bào)道,劉科鵬等[12]通過對(duì)奉新縣內(nèi)15個(gè)不同園區(qū)的金魁獼猴桃果實(shí)進(jìn)行品質(zhì)檢測(cè),建立了一套適合金魁獼猴桃果實(shí)品質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)的方法,為優(yōu)質(zhì)高效園區(qū)建設(shè)與栽培管理提供了參考。但同一品種的單區(qū)域研究不能反映該品種對(duì)不同生態(tài)區(qū)的適應(yīng)性,不能反映其推廣潛力。為了更加全面、深入、系統(tǒng)地開展同一品種獼猴桃品質(zhì)檢測(cè),建立綜合評(píng)價(jià)體系,筆者在本研究中以獼猴桃品種中獼2號(hào)為材料,對(duì)中國(guó)不同地區(qū)的果實(shí)進(jìn)行外觀品質(zhì)和內(nèi)在品質(zhì)檢測(cè),通過相關(guān)性分析和主成分分析建立果實(shí)綜合評(píng)價(jià)體系,初步明確中國(guó)不同產(chǎn)區(qū)果實(shí)品質(zhì)差異,為中獼2號(hào)合理布局與獼猴桃品種結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)控提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。
1材料和方法
1.1試驗(yàn)材料
從中國(guó)12個(gè)省份(河南、山東、湖北、湖南、江西、浙江、上海、江蘇、重慶、貴州、四川、云南)獼猴桃園區(qū)采集中獼2號(hào)果實(shí)(表1)。隨機(jī)選擇3株生長(zhǎng)勢(shì)一致的植株,按照NY/T 1392—2015《獼猴桃采收與貯運(yùn)技術(shù)規(guī)范》中的適宜采收期指標(biāo)統(tǒng)一采集果實(shí),每株采集發(fā)育良好、大小均勻一致的果實(shí)30個(gè),共計(jì)90個(gè)果實(shí),單株設(shè)一小區(qū)、3次生物學(xué)重復(fù),進(jìn)行果實(shí)外觀品質(zhì)和內(nèi)在品質(zhì)檢測(cè)。果實(shí)單果質(zhì)量、縱徑和橫徑采集樣品后立即測(cè)定;硬度、可溶性固形物含量、可滴定酸含量、干質(zhì)量、鮮質(zhì)量、維生素C含量、單寧含量、果糖含量、葡萄糖含量和蔗糖含量待后熟之后測(cè)定。
1.2試驗(yàn)方法
使用電子天平測(cè)定中獼2號(hào)果實(shí)單果質(zhì)量,每個(gè)生物學(xué)重復(fù)測(cè)定30個(gè)果實(shí),共計(jì)90個(gè)果實(shí),3個(gè)生物學(xué)重復(fù);使用游標(biāo)卡尺測(cè)定果實(shí)縱橫徑,每個(gè)生物學(xué)重復(fù)測(cè)定10個(gè)果實(shí),共計(jì)30個(gè)果實(shí),3個(gè)生物學(xué)重復(fù),果形指數(shù)=果實(shí)縱徑/果實(shí)橫徑;使用數(shù)顯GY-4-J測(cè)定果實(shí)硬度,每個(gè)生物學(xué)重復(fù)測(cè)定10個(gè)果實(shí),共計(jì)30個(gè)果實(shí),3個(gè)生物學(xué)重復(fù);使用ATAGO數(shù)顯測(cè)糖酸儀器PAL-BXIACID8 Master Kit測(cè)定果實(shí)可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量;內(nèi)在品質(zhì)指標(biāo)維生素C、果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量測(cè)定參考國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB 5009.86—2016[13],單寧含量測(cè)定參考行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)NY/T 1600—2008[14]。
1.3數(shù)據(jù)分析
使用Excel統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件統(tǒng)計(jì)與整理數(shù)據(jù);使用SPSS統(tǒng)計(jì)分析軟件進(jìn)行相關(guān)性及主成分分析。
2結(jié)果與分析
2.1中國(guó)不同地區(qū)中獼2號(hào)果實(shí)外觀品質(zhì)分析
不同地區(qū)的中獼2號(hào)果實(shí)外觀品質(zhì)指標(biāo)存在差異,四川中獼2號(hào)單果質(zhì)量最小,為93.98 g,上海中獼2號(hào)單果質(zhì)量最大,為142.45 g,所有樣品的平均單果質(zhì)量為110.07 g,變異系數(shù)為12.34%;果實(shí)橫徑、縱徑和果形指數(shù)變異系數(shù)分別為4.80%、7.66%和6.28%,說明單果質(zhì)量和果實(shí)形狀受地區(qū)差異影響較小。不同地區(qū)果實(shí)硬度存在差異,變幅在0.54~1.36 kg·cm-2之間,變異系數(shù)為21.37%,說明硬度與單果質(zhì)量和果實(shí)形狀相比,易受不同地區(qū)影響,但變異系數(shù)仍小于30%,處于合理的離散程度內(nèi),相對(duì)穩(wěn)定(表2)。綜上所述,中獼2號(hào)果實(shí)外觀品質(zhì)受不同地區(qū)影響較小,表明中獼2號(hào)外觀具有較強(qiáng)的不同生態(tài)環(huán)境適應(yīng)性。
2.2中國(guó)不同地區(qū)中獼2號(hào)果實(shí)內(nèi)在品質(zhì)分析
由表3可知,不同地區(qū)的中獼2號(hào)果實(shí)可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)平均值為18.14%,變異系數(shù)為10.26%,干物質(zhì)含量平均值為20.15%,變異系數(shù)為8.38%,表明可溶性固形物和干物質(zhì)含量受地區(qū)影響小,即中獼2號(hào)糖度能夠在不同生態(tài)區(qū)保持穩(wěn)定水平;可滴定酸含量變幅為0.36%~1.25%,變異幅度較大,變異系數(shù)為36.84%,表明酸度受不同地區(qū)影響較大;維生素C含量是獼猴桃果實(shí)的特征性指標(biāo),不同地區(qū)中獼2號(hào)維生素C含量平均值為102.51 mg·100 g-1,云南中獼2號(hào)(園區(qū)海拔1840 m)果實(shí)維生素C含量最高,為131 mg·100 g-1,江西中獼2號(hào)(園區(qū)海拔22m)果實(shí)維生素C含量最低,為71.73 mg·100 g-1,暗示高海拔可能促進(jìn)中獼2號(hào)果實(shí)積累更多的維生素C;單寧是果實(shí)澀味的主要來源,不同地區(qū)中獼2號(hào)單寧含量平均值為787.75 mg·kg-1,變異系數(shù)為13.76%,離散程度低,表明單寧含量受地區(qū)影響?。还?、葡萄糖和蔗糖是果實(shí)的主要可溶性糖,不同地區(qū)中獼2號(hào)果糖和葡萄糖含量平均值分別為4.69 mg·100 g-1和4.75 mg·100 g-1,含量相當(dāng),離散系數(shù)分別為18.02%和19.99%,較為接近,而蔗糖含量平均值為1.60 mg·100 g-1,變異系數(shù)達(dá)65.94%,表明中獼2號(hào)果實(shí)可溶性糖主要是果糖和葡萄糖,兩者含量接近,在不同地區(qū)的表現(xiàn)相對(duì)穩(wěn)定,而蔗糖含量相對(duì)較少,極易受到地區(qū)影響。
2.3中獼2號(hào)果實(shí)品質(zhì)指標(biāo)的相關(guān)性分析
為了明確中獼2號(hào)果實(shí)指標(biāo)間的相關(guān)關(guān)系,對(duì)15個(gè)果實(shí)外觀和內(nèi)在品質(zhì)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析(表4)。單果質(zhì)量與果實(shí)橫徑、縱徑和果形指數(shù)顯著相關(guān),表明果實(shí)橫徑、縱徑和果形指數(shù)影響果實(shí)最終單果質(zhì)量,此外,單果質(zhì)量與可滴定酸含量顯著相關(guān);果實(shí)縱徑與果形指數(shù)、可滴定酸含量顯著相關(guān);果形指數(shù)與可滴定酸含量顯著相關(guān);可溶性固形物含量與干物質(zhì)、果糖、葡萄糖含量顯著相關(guān);干質(zhì)量與鮮質(zhì)量顯著相關(guān);干物質(zhì)含量與果糖、葡萄糖含量顯著相關(guān),表明果糖、葡萄糖合成與積累影響果實(shí)最終干物質(zhì)含量;維生素C含量與單寧含量顯著相關(guān),表明不同功能性物質(zhì)間存在相關(guān)關(guān)系;果糖與葡萄糖含量極顯著相關(guān)(表4)。上述結(jié)果表明不同地區(qū)中獼2號(hào)果實(shí)品質(zhì)指標(biāo)間存在相關(guān)關(guān)系,因此,可以對(duì)有顯著相關(guān)性的指標(biāo)進(jìn)行篩選,簡(jiǎn)化評(píng)價(jià)體系。
2.4中獼2號(hào)果實(shí)品質(zhì)指標(biāo)的主成分分析
對(duì)15個(gè)中獼2號(hào)果實(shí)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行主成分分析(表5)。以主成分特征值大于1為標(biāo)準(zhǔn),共提取到5個(gè)主成分,主成分1的貢獻(xiàn)率為39.476%,決定第1主成分大小的主要是可溶性固形物、果糖和葡萄糖含量。相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果(表4)顯示,可溶性固形物、果糖、葡萄糖含量間存在相關(guān)關(guān)系,可溶性固形物含量與果糖含量的相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.613*,呈顯著相關(guān),可溶性固形物與葡萄糖含量的相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.596*,呈顯著相關(guān),果糖含量與葡萄糖含量的相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.996**,呈極顯著相關(guān),且果糖含量在第1主成分中的權(quán)重最高,因此選擇果糖含量作為第1主成分的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)。主成分2貢獻(xiàn)率為16.258%,決定第2主成分大小的主要是維生素C含量與單寧含量。相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果顯示(表4),維生素C含量與單寧含量相關(guān)系數(shù)為0.824*,呈顯著相關(guān),且維生素C含量在第2主成分中的權(quán)重最高,因此選擇維生素C含量作為第2主成分的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)。主成分3貢獻(xiàn)率為15.739%,決定第3主成分大小的主要是硬度。主成分4貢獻(xiàn)率為10.419%,決定第4主成分大小的主要是單寧含量。主成分5貢獻(xiàn)率為7.250%,決定第5主成分大小的主要是硬度和橫徑,硬度是第3主成分的主要評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),因此,選擇橫徑作為第5主成分的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)。第1主成分、第2主成分和第4主成分代表果實(shí)內(nèi)在品質(zhì),第3主成分和第5主成分代表果實(shí)外在品質(zhì)。
2.5中獼2號(hào)果實(shí)品質(zhì)的綜合評(píng)價(jià)體系建立
對(duì)中獼2號(hào)15項(xiàng)果實(shí)指標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化處理(表6),標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化數(shù)據(jù)設(shè)為X1,……,X15,特征向量與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化數(shù)據(jù)乘積后相加得出5個(gè)主成分的得分表達(dá)式:
F1=-0.06X1-0.05X2-0.06X3-0.04X4+0.00X5+0.06X6-0.04X7+0.04X8+0.03X9+0.04X10+0.02X11+0.01X12+0.06X13+0.06X14+0.02X15;
F2=0.02X1+0.06X2+0.00X3-0.03X4+0.02X5+0.01X6-0.04X7-0.16X8-0.19X9+0.02X10+0.02X11+0.17X12+0.05X13+0.05X14-0.15X15;
F3=0.08X1-0.10X2+0.09X3+0.18X4+0.21X5+0.05X6+0.13X7+0.01X8-0.08X9+0.19X10+0.00X11+0.00X12+0.07X13+0.08X14+0.10X15;
F4=0.13X1+0.20X2+0.07X3-0.05X4-0.02X5+0.15X6+0.06X7+0.21X8+0.20X9+0.04X10+0.19X11+0.35X12-0.12X13-0.12X14+0.21X15;
F5=0.23X1+0.33X2-0.05X3-0.29X4+0.35X5-0.20X6+0.18X7+0.26X8+0.23X9+0.07X10-0.02X11-0.12X12+0.20X13+0.22X14-0.41X15。
以主成分方差貢獻(xiàn)率為權(quán)數(shù),建立果實(shí)品質(zhì)綜合評(píng)價(jià)方程:
F綜=0.395F1+0.163F2+0.157F3+0.104F4+0.725F5。
基于此方程計(jì)算出12個(gè)省份中獼2號(hào)果實(shí)品質(zhì)的綜合得分,綜合得分越高,表明該區(qū)域的中獼2號(hào)綜合品質(zhì)越好(表7),因此,中國(guó)不同地區(qū)中獼2號(hào)綜合排序?yàn)椋褐貞c、山東、上海、貴州、浙江、云南、四川、湖南、江西、江蘇、河南、湖北。
3討論
果實(shí)綜合品質(zhì)受到外觀品質(zhì)和內(nèi)在品質(zhì)的共同影響,品質(zhì)優(yōu)劣決定其商品價(jià)值與最終生產(chǎn)效益的高低[15-17]。中獼2號(hào)是中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院鄭州果樹研究所選育的優(yōu)良新品種[18],表現(xiàn)大果、高糖、強(qiáng)抗性,綜合品質(zhì)好,在全國(guó)獼猴桃品鑒會(huì)上獲得金獎(jiǎng),有較好的發(fā)展?jié)摿?,目前已?jīng)在全國(guó)多個(gè)省份引種栽培。為了明確中獼2號(hào)在各個(gè)區(qū)域的推廣潛力,筆者在本研究中選取中國(guó)12個(gè)省份的中獼2號(hào)果實(shí),進(jìn)行果實(shí)外觀品質(zhì)和內(nèi)在品質(zhì)指標(biāo)檢測(cè),利用主成分分析將多個(gè)品質(zhì)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行線性變換提取綜合因子,最終提取到橫徑與硬度作為外觀綜合因子,果糖、維生素C和單寧含量作為內(nèi)在品質(zhì)綜合因子。趙瓊玲等[19]利用主成分分析提取果實(shí)橫徑和維生素C含量作為余甘子果實(shí)品質(zhì)綜合因子,表明果實(shí)橫徑和維生素C含量可作為品質(zhì)因子用于綜合評(píng)價(jià)。
在本研究中,通過擬定果實(shí)品質(zhì)綜合評(píng)價(jià)方程,建立中獼2號(hào)綜合評(píng)價(jià)體系。重慶、山東和上海的中獼2號(hào)綜合品質(zhì)排名位列前三,三個(gè)地區(qū)經(jīng)緯度均不同,分別代表中國(guó)不同生態(tài)區(qū)域,中獼2號(hào)在這三個(gè)區(qū)域的綜合表現(xiàn)優(yōu)良,表明中獼2號(hào)能夠適應(yīng)這12個(gè)區(qū)域或類似氣候區(qū)域的生態(tài)條件,具有較大的推廣潛力,可以在這12個(gè)生態(tài)區(qū)域或類似氣候區(qū)域內(nèi)推廣種植。筆者在本研究中從中國(guó)不同地區(qū)采集中獼2號(hào)果實(shí)樣品,利用多種分析方法建立了品質(zhì)綜合評(píng)價(jià)體系,為品種推廣奠定了基礎(chǔ)。果實(shí)品質(zhì)易受環(huán)境因子影響,中國(guó)具有豐富的地理多態(tài)性,不同經(jīng)緯度和海拔能夠?qū)麑?shí)品質(zhì)產(chǎn)生影響,因此,后續(xù)應(yīng)根據(jù)不同經(jīng)緯度和海拔增加采樣點(diǎn),并對(duì)不同年份間的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行對(duì)比和分析,更全面地反映中獼2號(hào)對(duì)不同生態(tài)區(qū)域的適應(yīng)能力,為品種區(qū)劃提供指導(dǎo)。
4結(jié)論
通過測(cè)定中國(guó)不同地區(qū)中獼2號(hào)果實(shí)品質(zhì)指標(biāo),利用相關(guān)性分析和主成分分析建立了品質(zhì)綜合評(píng)價(jià)體系,對(duì)不同地區(qū)果實(shí)進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià),篩選出橫徑、硬度以及果糖、維生素C和單寧含量作為中獼2號(hào)果實(shí)品質(zhì)性狀評(píng)價(jià)的核心指標(biāo),對(duì)不同地區(qū)果實(shí)品質(zhì)進(jìn)行排序,最終得出結(jié)論:中獼2號(hào)適應(yīng)性強(qiáng),能夠在不同生態(tài)區(qū)內(nèi)推廣種植。
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