許文靜 高冬梅 李慧心 王莉 佟勝全
摘要:目的 探究類(lèi)風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎(RA)患者血清脂肪因子趨化素水平與疾病活動(dòng)度和輔助性T細(xì)胞17/調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞(Th17/Treg)比值的相關(guān)性。方法 納入RA患者180例為觀察組,根據(jù)DAS28評(píng)分將觀察組分為高活動(dòng)組、中活動(dòng)組和低活動(dòng)組,每組60例;另選取同期體檢的健康者180例作為對(duì)照組。采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)(ELISA)法檢測(cè)血清趨化素、白細(xì)胞介素(IL)-9、IL-10、IL-17水平;流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測(cè)Th17/Treg比例;分析RA患者血清趨化素水平與DAS28評(píng)分,Th17、Treg細(xì)胞百分比及Th17/Treg比值的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果 觀察組血清趨化素水平高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。RA患者血清趨化素水平與DAS28評(píng)分呈正相關(guān);高、中、低活動(dòng)組血清趨化素水平和DAS28評(píng)分依次降低;觀察組Th17細(xì)胞百分比、Th17/Treg比值、IL-17、IL-9水平高于對(duì)照組,Treg細(xì)胞百分比、IL-10水平低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。RA患者血清趨化素水平與Th17細(xì)胞百分比、Th17/Treg比值呈正相關(guān),與Treg細(xì)胞百分比呈負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 RA患者的血清趨化素水平升高,與疾病活動(dòng)度和Th17/Treg比值具有密切關(guān)系。
關(guān)鍵詞:關(guān)節(jié)炎,類(lèi)風(fēng)濕;趨化因子類(lèi);Th17細(xì)胞;T淋巴細(xì)胞,調(diào)節(jié)性;白細(xì)胞介素類(lèi);疾病活動(dòng)度
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):R593.22文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:ADOI:10.11958/20230505
Correlation analysis of serum Chemerin with disease activity and Th17/Treg in?patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Abstract: Objective To explore the correlation of serum Chemerin level with disease activity and the ratio of T helper 17/regulatory T cells (Th17/Treg) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods A total of 180 patients with RA who were admitted to our hospital were regarded as the observation group. According to the DAS28 score, the observation group was divided into the high activity group (60 cases), the moderate activity group (60 cases) and the low activity group (60 cases). Another 180 healthy people who underwent physical examination in our hospital during the same period were regarded as the control group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect serum levels of Chemerin, interleukin-9 (IL-9), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-17 (IL-17). Flow cytometry was used to detect the Th17/Treg ratio. Spearman correlation analysis was applied to analyze the correlation between serum Chemerin level and DAS28 score. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between serum Chemerin level and Th17, Treg cell percentage and Th17/Treg ratio. Results The results of this study showed that the serum level of Chemerin was higher in the observation group than that in the control group (P<0.05). The serum Chemerin level was positively correlated with DAS28 score (P<0.05). Serum Chemerin levels and DAS28 scores decreased in turn in the high, moderate and low activity groups (P<0.05). The percentage of Th17 cells and the ratio of Th17/Treg were higher in the observation group than those in the control group, and the percentage of Treg cells was lower in the observation group than that in the control group (P<0.05). The level of IL-10 was lower in the observation group than that in the control group, while levels of IL-17 and IL-9 were higher in the observation group than those in the control group (P<0.05). The results of Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum Chemerin level was positively correlated with the percentage of Th17 cells and the ratio of Th17/Treg, and negatively correlated with the percentage of Treg cells (P<0.05). Conclusion Serum Chemerin level is elevated in patients with RA, which is closely related to disease activity and Th17/Treg ratio.
Key words: arthritis, rheumatoid; chemotactic factors; Th17 cells; T-lymphocytes, regulatory; interleukins; disease activity
類(lèi)風(fēng)濕關(guān)節(jié)炎(rheumatoid arthritis,RA)是一類(lèi)常見(jiàn)的自身免疫類(lèi)疾病,發(fā)病率、致殘率高[1]。RA主要表現(xiàn)為慢性關(guān)節(jié)炎癥,病情持續(xù)、反復(fù),可導(dǎo)致關(guān)節(jié)破壞、功能喪失,并伴有并發(fā)癥,嚴(yán)重影響患者生活和健康[2-3]。趨化素(Chemerin)是一種脂肪細(xì)胞因子,參與人體內(nèi)多種反應(yīng)的調(diào)節(jié),如調(diào)節(jié)脂肪、血管生成,糖脂、能量代謝,炎癥、免疫反應(yīng)等[4]。有研究表明,趨化素在RA患者外周血、炎癥關(guān)節(jié)滑液中水平明顯升高,刺激炎癥及組織損傷,參與關(guān)節(jié)及骨破壞等[5]。輔助性T細(xì)胞17/調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞(Th17/Treg)平衡失調(diào)與RA的發(fā)生發(fā)展密切相關(guān)。Th17具有促炎作用,而Treg具有調(diào)節(jié)免疫、抑制炎癥發(fā)生的功能,二者共同維持免疫平衡[6]。白細(xì)胞介素(IL)-9、IL-10及IL-17等炎性因子通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)炎癥反應(yīng),參與RA的進(jìn)程[7]。目前關(guān)于血清趨化素水平對(duì)RA患者的疾病活動(dòng)度和Th17/Treg比值影響的研究較少。本研究通過(guò)檢測(cè)RA患者血清趨化素水平,探究其與患者疾病活動(dòng)度和Th17/Treg比值的相關(guān)性,為RA的治療提供新的研究方向。
1 對(duì)象與方法
1.1 研究對(duì)象 選取2019年5月—2021年5月唐山市工人醫(yī)院收治的RA患者180例為觀察組,男96例,女84例,年齡47~70歲,平均(59.20±7.14)歲;根據(jù)28處關(guān)節(jié)疾病活動(dòng)評(píng)分(DAS28),將觀察組分為高活動(dòng)組(DAS28>5.1分)、中活動(dòng)組(3.2分<DAS28≤5.1分)、低活動(dòng)組(2.6分<DAS28≤3.2分),每組60例。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)符合RA診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[8]。(2)18歲≤年齡≤75歲。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)妊娠期、哺乳期婦女。(2)合并系統(tǒng)性紅斑狼瘡等其他自身免疫性疾病。(3)患有腫瘤、感染性疾病、高血壓、高膽固醇血癥。(4)患有精神障礙等精神疾病。另選取同期在本院體檢的健康者180例作為對(duì)照組,男89例,女91例,年齡49~70歲,平均(60.25±6.85)歲。觀察組和對(duì)照組性別(χ2=0.545)、年齡(t=1.424)比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)?;颊邔?duì)本研究知情同意且簽署知情同意書(shū),本研究通過(guò)本院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)(倫理號(hào):GRYY-LL-KJ2022-110)。
1.2 主要試劑和儀器 趨化素酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)(ELISA)試劑盒購(gòu)自上?;钌锟萍加邢薰?,IL-17、IL-9、IL-10 ELISA試劑盒均購(gòu)自北京雅安達(dá)生物技術(shù)有限公司,Space流式細(xì)胞儀購(gòu)自廣州吉源生物科技有限公司,RPMI-1640培養(yǎng)基購(gòu)自上海谷研實(shí)業(yè)有限公司,佛波酯(PMA)購(gòu)自北京孚博生物科技有限公司,布雷非德菌素(BFA)購(gòu)自上海莼試生物科技有限公司,鼠抗人CD4購(gòu)自南通表源生物技術(shù)有限公司,鼠抗人CD25購(gòu)自蘇州亞科科技股份有限公司。
1.3 方法
1.3.1 臨床資料收集 收集患者入院時(shí)臨床資料,包括C反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)、紅細(xì)胞沉降率(ESR)、類(lèi)風(fēng)濕因子、抗環(huán)瓜氨酸肽(抗-CCP)抗體,以及補(bǔ)體C3、C4等。
1.3.2 血液樣本采集 分別抽取觀察組檢查日清晨和對(duì)照組體檢當(dāng)天的空腹靜脈血5 mL,靜置30 min,4 ℃、3 000 r/min離心15 min,取血清樣本,置于-80 ℃保存待測(cè)。
1.3.3 ELISA法檢測(cè)趨化素、IL-17、IL-9、IL-10水平 采用ELISA法檢測(cè)血清趨化素、IL-17、IL-9、IL-10水平,操作步驟嚴(yán)格按照ELISA試劑盒說(shuō)明書(shū)進(jìn)行。
1.3.4 流式細(xì)胞術(shù)測(cè)定Th17細(xì)胞、Treg細(xì)胞百分比 使用密度梯度離心法分離外周血單核細(xì)胞,加入RPMI-1640培養(yǎng)基稀釋?zhuān)缓蠹尤隤MA、BFA,置于CO2培養(yǎng)箱孵育。分別孵育抗人CD4、CD25抗體后檢測(cè)Th17細(xì)胞和Treg細(xì)胞百分比;使用磷酸鹽緩沖液(PBS)反復(fù)洗滌后放入流式細(xì)胞儀進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 采用SPSS 25.0進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。計(jì)量資料以[x] ±s表示,2組間比較采用獨(dú)立樣本t檢驗(yàn),多組間比較采用單因素方差分析,多重比較采用SNK-q檢驗(yàn);非正態(tài)資料以M(P25,P75)表示,組間比較采用Mann-Whitney U檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料用例(%)表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗(yàn);RA患者血清趨化素與DAS28評(píng)分的相關(guān)性采用Spearman相關(guān),血清趨化素與Th17、Treg細(xì)胞百分比、Th17/Treg比值的相關(guān)性分析采用Pearson相關(guān)。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 一般資料比較 2組受試者補(bǔ)體C3、C4水平差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);觀察組CRP、ESR、類(lèi)風(fēng)濕因子、抗-CCP抗體、趨化素水平高于對(duì)照組(P<0.01),見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 RA患者各活動(dòng)組間趨化素水平比較及與DAS28的相關(guān)性分析 高、中、低活動(dòng)組血清趨化素水平和DAS28評(píng)分依次降低(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表2。相關(guān)性分析顯示,RA患者血清趨化素與DAS28評(píng)分呈正相關(guān)(rs=0.623,P<0.01)。
2.3 2組Th17、Treg、Th17/Treg及相關(guān)細(xì)胞因子水平比較 觀察組的Th17細(xì)胞百分比,Th17/Treg比值,IL-17、IL-9水平高于對(duì)照組;Treg細(xì)胞百分比、IL-10水平低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表3。
2.4 RA患者血清趨化素水平與Th17、Treg細(xì)胞百分比以及Th17/Treg比值相關(guān)性 RA患者血清趨化素水平與Th17細(xì)胞百分比呈正相關(guān),與Treg細(xì)胞百分比呈負(fù)相關(guān),與Th17/Treg比值呈正相關(guān)(r分別為0.638、-0.435、0.552,P<0.01)。
3 討論
3.1 RA研究現(xiàn)狀 RA是一種慢性自身免疫性疾病,其臨床特征主要為關(guān)節(jié)軟骨或骨破壞、滑膜增生、關(guān)節(jié)滑膜炎等,有可能導(dǎo)致關(guān)節(jié)畸形甚至殘疾,影響患者生活質(zhì)量[9]。RA發(fā)病率、致殘率高,隨著診治條件、技術(shù)等日趨完善,其致死率逐步降低,但RA的致死率仍顯著高于自然人群[10]。目前,RA發(fā)病機(jī)制尚不十分明確,有研究顯示RA與遺傳、環(huán)境、感染等因素有關(guān),有可能因感染病毒等發(fā)病,也可能由精神刺激、吸煙、過(guò)度疲勞等因素刺激而發(fā)病[11]。RA患者疾病活動(dòng)度可根據(jù)DAS28評(píng)分判斷,隨著疾病活動(dòng)度的發(fā)展,患者通常伴隨類(lèi)風(fēng)濕因子、ESR等與炎癥相關(guān)的指標(biāo)升高,但具體何種因素導(dǎo)致疾病活動(dòng)度的變化仍不清楚[12]。
3.2 趨化素在RA中的變化趨勢(shì) 脂肪因子由脂肪組織分泌,參與RA的發(fā)生發(fā)展,具有調(diào)節(jié)滑膜、軟骨、骨和各種免疫細(xì)胞的功能[13]。有研究顯示,脂肪因子的過(guò)表達(dá)會(huì)破壞軟骨,對(duì)RA的發(fā)生發(fā)展具有促進(jìn)作用[14]。趨化素是一種促炎脂肪因子,其在慢性炎癥疾病患者血清中表達(dá)水平升高,與炎癥標(biāo)志物呈正相關(guān)[15]。李奇等[16]研究表明,趨化素促進(jìn)了上皮性卵巢癌細(xì)胞的增殖、遷移。劉梅娟等[4]研究表明,RA患者血清中趨化素表達(dá)升高,促進(jìn)RA炎癥反應(yīng)并參與RA的發(fā)生發(fā)展過(guò)程。
3.3 DAS28與趨化素水平及Th17細(xì)胞的相關(guān)性 DAS28被廣泛應(yīng)用于RA患者疾病活動(dòng)度的綜合評(píng)價(jià),包括關(guān)節(jié)觸痛、腫脹計(jì)數(shù)、ESR等[17]。DAS28包括五大類(lèi),分別為血沉或C反應(yīng)蛋白的水平、腫脹關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)、壓痛的關(guān)節(jié)數(shù)以及患者對(duì)病情的總體評(píng)估,疾病活動(dòng)度隨著分值升高而升高[12]。Th17與Treg屬于CD4+ T細(xì)胞亞群,二者相互拮抗,共同維持機(jī)體正常免疫功能,Th17/Treg失衡介導(dǎo)了包括RA等多種疾病的發(fā)生[18]。有研究表明,在RA患者中Th17細(xì)胞數(shù)量增加,Treg細(xì)胞數(shù)量減少,即Th17/Treg失衡與RA的發(fā)生發(fā)展密切相關(guān)[19]。劉潔等[19]研究表明,Th17/Treg失衡參與急性腦梗死的發(fā)展過(guò)程。本研究結(jié)果顯示,觀察組血清趨化素水平高于對(duì)照組,提示趨化素參與了RA的發(fā)生發(fā)展過(guò)程?;颊哐遐吇厮脚cDAS28評(píng)分呈正相關(guān);隨著患者疾病活動(dòng)度增強(qiáng),血清趨化素水平與DAS28評(píng)分增大,提示血清趨化素水平與RA患者疾病活動(dòng)度密切相關(guān),血清趨化素水平可作為監(jiān)測(cè)患者疾病活動(dòng)度的潛在指標(biāo)。觀察組患者Th17細(xì)胞百分比、Th17/Treg比值及IL-17、IL-9水平高于對(duì)照組,而Treg細(xì)胞百分比、IL-10水平低于對(duì)照組,提示Th17/Treg與RA的發(fā)生發(fā)展密切相關(guān)。相關(guān)性分析提示RA中血清趨化素與Th17/Treg密切相關(guān)。
綜上所述,RA患者血清趨化素水平升高,與患者疾病活動(dòng)度、Th17/Treg密切相關(guān),臨床可通過(guò)血清趨化素水平了解患者疾病活動(dòng)度和Th17/Treg。但本研究樣本量較小,且未深入研究血清趨化素影響患者疾病活動(dòng)度、Th17/Treg的機(jī)制,后續(xù)需深入研究其相互作用的機(jī)制。
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