宋朝最后的女詞人

魯曉敏

運(yùn)，凝聚家國(guó)情懷。這一時(shí)期，她一改委婉派手法，寫下了《塞上曲》《塞下曲》《幽州胡馬客》《王將軍墓》《從軍行》等慷慨激昂的詩(shī)篇。從她的詩(shī)詞里不難看出她的木蘭風(fēng)骨，充滿著馳騁疆場(chǎng)、報(bào)效國(guó)家的殷切情懷。這些詩(shī)詞，足以在文學(xué)史上占據(jù)一席之地。我們無(wú)法解密玉娘幽居的生活，但有一點(diǎn)可以肯定的是，她外表冷漠，內(nèi)心火熱，大凡才華絕代的女子，曲高和寡，她的精神領(lǐng)地很難被人涉足，很難被人理解。

張玉娘的脫穎而出，靠的就是她的才氣和靈氣。陳亮之后再難尋覓杰出的詞家，玉娘的詞可算是精品中之精品了。張玉娘在文學(xué)界沒(méi)有得到等身的地位，是耐人尋味的。唐人宋人的隱于市，往往是以退為進(jìn)，將自己的才華公布于世，引起轟動(dòng)效應(yīng)，引起朝野的關(guān)注，達(dá)到出仕的目的。說(shuō)穿了有做秀的成分。而玉娘有著許由、巢父的真隱，才美不外見。與張玉娘同一個(gè)朝代的李清照，身居王朝的文化中心，父親李格非是著名的學(xué)者，公公趙挺之是當(dāng)朝宰相，丈夫趙明誠(chéng)是著名的金石大家，這樣的家庭背景使得她很自然地融入頂級(jí)文化圈。朱淑真類似李清照，居住在南宋京城臨安，出身官宦世家，涉足社會(huì)名流，她們都具備了成名的便利條件，她們的一舉一動(dòng)都會(huì)引起上層階級(jí)和朝野的關(guān)注。身居閨閣中的玉娘，恪守婦道，她的詩(shī)是寫給自己看的，不求名，不求利，默默地寫作，讀者也只有丫鬟和鸚鵡。她的足跡從未踏出松陽(yáng)，不像多情的詩(shī)人到處留情留詩(shī)，她的詩(shī)很少

鸚鵡塚遺址

A monument marks the former site of Parrot Tombs

流到坊間，自然沒(méi)有引起轟動(dòng)，這也是她未引人重視的重要原因。另一個(gè)最重要原因是張玉娘的早逝，她在文學(xué)的道路上正處于攀升階段，還遠(yuǎn)未達(dá)到創(chuàng)作的黃金期就過(guò)早離世，叫人扼腕痛惜。假以時(shí)日，那她一定能夠開辟出元代的詩(shī)詞江湖。歷史是不能假設(shè)的，直到張玉娘死后300年，她才漸漸成名。

同為宋代杰出的女詞人，文學(xué)界留給張玉娘的空間太狹窄。一部煌煌的《唐宋詞鑒賞辭典》共收入百余位詞人共700多首詞，收入?yún)鞘缂г~1首，朱淑真詞6首，李清照詞更是多達(dá)31首，獨(dú)獨(dú)不見張玉娘的作品，是疏漏、漠視、偏見或是其他原因？客觀上來(lái)說(shuō)，張玉娘的文才和詞宗大家還有不少差距，但她的頂尖力作可以和李清照的相媲美，而且張玉娘具有堅(jiān)貞的品質(zhì)，古希臘式的悲情，更讓人憐惜。用她自己的話來(lái)說(shuō)：丈夫以忠勇自期，婦人則以貞潔自許。她是這么說(shuō)的，也是這么做的。這種傳奇身世和人品魅力，也是她能與李清照、朱淑真、吳淑姬等人比肩的重要基石。

風(fēng)揉碎了史冊(cè)，也揉碎了芳心，漫漫悲情卷地而來(lái)。張玉娘像是宋詞中掉出的一頁(yè)書箋，夾著一縷驕傲的傷感，那顆玲瓏的文心，一次次打動(dòng)后人的心扉。她的大愛大恨，至剛至柔，超越千年?！?/p>

The Last Female Poet of the

Song Dynasty

By Lu Xiaomin

A statue of Song poet Zhang Yuniang has recently been unveiled at Riverside Park in the capital of Songyang, a rural county in southern Zhejiang. Zhang Yuniang (1250-1276) was a poet living in the last years of the Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279). She is little known as a poet. Her 26-year short life witnessed how a romance turned into a tragedy.

At 15, she was engaged with Shen Quan, a local scholar. They were distant rela-tives. The romance blossomed. As the Shen family went down in the world, however, Zhangs parents regretted about the mar-riage arrangement and wanted to renege on the engagement, but the girl did not want to break the engagement. In 1271, the 22-year-old Shen Quan came out the second in the national examination, as recorded in the Annals of Songyang County. This could have served as an upswing turn in the life of the young scholar, but unfortunately, he went down with typhoid and died. Zhang Yuniang refused considering any other mar-riage proposal. She mourned her scholar in grief. Five years later, the grief became so unbearable that she committed suicide by jumping into a well. Her two maids com-mitted suicide too. Even her pet parrot died. Zhang Yuniang was buried with Shen Quan