英文摘要

China-Japan-ROKTrilateralRelationsandNortheastAsianSecurityOrder

XIANGHaoyu

Abstract：The current security situation in Northeast Asia continues to be volatile and the regional order has entered a stage of transformation, highlighted by the intensification of security dilemmas, the lack of consensus and binding mechanism of cooperation and the growing possibility of confrontation between military camps. With the aim of building a stable and sustainable new security order in Northeast Asia, it is necessary to promote a sense of community in which all regional countries share a common future, build a regional security mechanism in a gradual and orderly manner, build trust through dialogue and cooperation and resolve security dilemmas. The future security order in Northeast Asia should be based on the concept of “wide-range consultation, joint contribution and shared benefits” and an open structure of equal power distribution and non-hierarchical dominance that are established through consensus. Whether that vision can be realised or not depends to a large extent on the direction of China-U.S. relations, and is also closely related to trilateral interaction between China, Japan and ROK. Those three countries need to adapt to the changing situation, accelerate the adjustment of their understandings and policies, strengthen crisis management and deepen the trilateral cooperation, so that trilateral relations between China, Japan and ROK can become a stabilizer of the regional security order. In that process, China should actively implement the Global Security Initiative, strengthen its strategic initativeness and investment so as to play a leading role in building a new regional security order.

Keywords: China-Japan-ROK cooperation; Northeast Asian security; international order; regional governance

TheOverviewofJapan’sGovernmentalDevelopmentAssistancetoPakistan

BAIRuchun

Abstract：Since the establishment of diplomatic ties between Japan and Pakistan 70 years ago, Japan has provided a large amount of official development assistance to Pakistan, which has played an important role in the bilateral relations. Especially since the beginning of the 21st century, under the new international and domestic situation, Japan has continued to deepen its assistance to Pakistan out of the need to expand its political and economic interests, share the responsibilities of Japan-U.S. alliance and counterbalance China's influence, gradually focusing on economic, social and security fields. With the new pattern of assistance to Pakistan taking infrastructure construction, “human security guarantee” and peace-building as the main pillars, Japan-Pakistan relations have gone beyond the scope of bilateral relations. However, it is no doubt that the achievements Pakistan has made in the economic and social fields in recent years are not the result of Japan's assistance alone, but the result of the joint efforts of the international community including China and Pakistan.

Keywords: Japan；Pakistan；Japan-Pakistan relations；ODA；driving factor

Abe’sPoliticalHeritageintheContextofJapan’sGamingwithChina

WUXian,GAOHong

Abstract：It is the core political issue of Japan to promote its military power to cope with changes of international order, geopolitical security pressure and realize its “normalization”.In the post-Abe era, Japan has elevated its military power status to the will of the nation as a whole and has promoted it substantially by playing up regional tensions, dramatically increasing its defense budget, strengthening the Japan-U.S. alliance and revising the “three arrows of security policy”. In terms of its relations with China, while balancing hard hedging and soft hedging, Japan highlights its tough stance towards China and continues to use the “structural contradictions” between the two countries to contain China and improve its game capability against China. While Japan cooperates with the United States and Western countries, the game between China and Japan has been intensified from values, geopolitics to military security and other dimensions, thus putting China-Japan relations to a severe test.

Keywords: Post-Abe era；military great power；rightist conservatism；gaming with China

AnAnalysisoftheCharacteristicsofJapan’sInterventioninAfricanSecurityGovernanceaftertheColdWar

ZOUShengying

Absrtact：After the end of the Cold War, Japan, with the Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD) as its main platform, has actively intervened in African security governance. Its characteristics are reflected in the focus of governance to closely follow international hot issues, the motivation of governance is clear and diversified, the entry point of governance is poverty alleviation, and the role of assisting European and American countries in governance is played. Japan’s involvement in security governance in Africa after the Cold War is the result of the historical development of Japan-Africa relations. It is also the product of Japan’s pursuit of national interests, providing a cooperation model for African security governance, promoting the transformation of African security governance to “co-governance”, and enhancing Japan’s international influence. In the future, Japan’s involvement in African security governance will focus on medical and health care and environmental protection, and it will further serve Japan’s security interests.

Keywords：Japan； Africa； security governance； Tokyo International Conference on African Development(TICAD)

NewEnergySecurityIssuesandJapan’sPolicyResponses

YINXiaoliang,XUKangjian

Abstract: With the evolution of “firewood era-coal era-oil era-new energy era”, the meaning of energy security is constantly changing. In the evolution process of “high carbon, low carbon and decarbonization”, risks such as rising economic cost, insufficient power supply and shortage of rare metals arise. In the global pandemic, there are risks such as energy price oscillation and supply chain disruption. The digitalization and intellectualization of energy systems bring risks such as highly vulnerable to network attacks and energy system vulnerability. In this regard, at the domestic level, Japan has actively constructed a policy response system centering on enhancing energy resilience through setting goals, planning development road-map and developing key projects, with technological innovation, restarting nuclear energy and reforming demand side as the major ways of policy. At the international level, in order to further strengthen the stable supply of overseas energy, Japan has actively constructed the “comprehensive resource diplomacy”, namely, the promotion system featuring the government, the government and the people, the energy network centered on exploring diversified import sources, and the tool strategy of diversification means as the leverage.

Keywords: Japan； energy risk; energy security; policy response

TheReconstructionofJapaneseEmploymentSecuritySystemundertheCOVID-19andItsPolicyImplication

GUOPei

Abstract: The COVID-19 has brought great challenges to the employment and life of Japanese workers. Under the epidemic, Japan’s labor and employment market shows the characteristics that although the unemployment rate is at a low level, the number of people out of work has increased significantly, and the low-income people have been greatly affected. In particular, the COVID-19 epidemic has had a great impact on informal employees, childcare women, fresh graduates and other groups. In this regard, the Japanese government has issued a series of emergency measures on the original labor and Employment Countermeasures, covering the population from regular employees to informal employees, and the employment support from “traditional employment” to “flexible employment”. The measures above have played a positive role in curbing the rise of unemployment and ensuring basic life of Japanese people. However, Japan’s labor and employment security is still faced with issues relating to assisting the “employment transfer”, effectively strengthening the employment and life assistance for low-income people and carrying out vocational training to meet market demand.

Keywords: Japan; employment security; informal employee;COVID-19; life assistance

TheReviewandProspectoftheNormalizationofChina-JapanDiplomaticRelationsinthePast50years

XIONGDayun

Abstract: Since the normalization of diplomatic relations between China and Japan for 50 years, China has given up war reparations to Japan while Japan has provided ODA to China and supported China’s reform and opening up, realizing mutual assistance between the two countries and promoting friendly cooperation and joint development between the two countries. Among them, the increase of people-to-people exchanges, especially the exchange of international students, has promoted the in-depth cultural exchanges between China and Japan, and the economic and trade cooperation between China and Japan has also reached a high degree of interdependence on a win-win basis.But there there have been also setbacks in the 50 years since China and Japan normalized their bilateral relations. In recent years, a series of words and action by Japan against China have put the future direction of China-Japan relations to a severe test.

Keywords: mutual assistance；people-to-people exchanges； economic and trade cooperation; severe test

TheU.S.-ROKAllianceundertheAdministrationofYoonSeok-YoulandtheProspectfortheMilitaryCampingConfrontationinNortheastAsia

LINan

Abstract: Since Biden took office, the United States has pursued an “alliance first” foreign policy. In Northeast Asia, the U.S. has comprehensively promoted the U.S.-ROK alliance and strengthened the trilateral linkage of the US, Japan and South Korea, in an effort to turn Northeast Asia into the forefront and fulcrum of America’s comprehensive containment of China. North Korea is also preparing for a prolonged confrontation with the United States. With the dust of the ROK election settled, the U.S.-ROK alliance rapidly transforms into a “global comprehensive strategic partnership”,leveling up the alliance in terms of military actions beyond the Korean Peninsula and the economic security.The situation on the Korean Peninsula will become more volatile and the confrontation between DPRK and ROK will become more serious.In addition to the Russia-Ukraine conflict, the trend of military camping in Northeast Asia has gradually emerged.China should play more constructive role on stabilizing the peace and prosperity in the region.

Keywords: U.S.-ROK alliance; U.S.-DPRK relations; Japan-ROK relations; Indo-Pacific economic framework

TheBidenadministration’sPolicytowardJapanunderthe“UnilateralCoordination”

CHENYoujun，SHENNannan

Abstract:Since its inception, the Biden administration has always adhered to the basic foreign political principle of “unilateral coordination”. Under this principle, Japan not only improved its position in the US-Japan alliance, but also became the main pivot of the American Indo-Pacific strategy. Militarily, the Biden administration sees Japan as the main position to contain China and control the Indo-Pacific region. Diplomatically, Japan is regarded as an important cornerstone to promote U.S. global climate policy and restore its voice and leadership on related political issues.Economically, it highlights Japan’s prominent position in the “Quadrilateral Security Dialogue” mechanism involving U.S., Japan, India and Australia and seeks to reshape the global supply chain system led by Japan.In this regard,both the Yoshihide Suga’s and Fumio Kishida’s administration have chosen to actively cater to the Biden administration’s Japan strategy and global strategy.The degree of intertwined interests between the U.S. and Japan will further deepen. The U.S. will also be subject to a certain degree of reverse pressure from Japan, mainly in economic terms.

Keywords: U.S.-Japan relations; the Biden administration; unilateral coordination

NewAsia-PacificEconomicIntegrationPlansandJapan

〔RUS〕V.O.Kistanov

Abstract: The claim that the center of world economic and political life is moving to the Asia-Pacific region has been thoroughly reinforced over the past two and a half years in the form of two competing free trade agremants, namely the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement on the Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP, formerly TPP) and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). Those two plans, due to their gigantic scale, in the future can radically change the trade and economic landscape not only in Asia, but also in the world as a whole.As the second largest economy in Asia and the third largest in the world, Japan expects to make the most of the two plans to solve its own economic problems while strengthening its economic and political position in Asia and on the global stage. So Japan attempts to take the lead in both plans,which will depend on the further course in relation to both integration mega projects of China and the United States, as well as building its own bilateral trade, economic and political relations with both world powers. Japan sees Trump’s withdrawal from the Trans-Pacific Partnership as a mistake and has urged the Biden administration to return to the CPTPP. Meanwhile, Japan is very cautious about China joining the CPTPP.

Keywords: Asia-Pacific regional economic integration; CPTTP; RCEP; Japan; U.S.; China