英文摘要

Three-DimensionalInterpretationoftheGreatSignificanceoftheGreatPartyBuildingSpirit/LIU Xingping(School of Marxism, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China)

Abstract: The proposal of the great Party building spirit is an incisive summary of the CPC’s century-long struggle and a spiritual revelation of the CPC’s opening of a new century-long journey. To understand the great Party building spirit in the historical narrative of the hundred-year struggle, we should deeply grasp the truth core of strengthening the Party with theory, the value core of serving the people and the practice core of self-revolution. To understand the great Party building spirit in the grand narrative of the great rejuvenation, we should deeply grasp that the great Party building spirit has opened the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, contained the historical mission of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, and carried the strong force of Chinese civilization. To understand the great Party building spirit in the broad vision of world development, we should use the great Party building spirit to respond to the new requirements of the development of the times, explore the new form of human civilization, and explore the new direction of world development.

Keywords: Communist Party of China; great Party building spirit; self-revolution; the Party’s century-long history; great rejuvenation; world development

TheGenerationLogicandPracticalSignificanceofChina’sPathofPeacefulDevelopment/YIN Wenming(Department of Philosophy, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China)

Abstract: Peaceful development in the world today is facing many difficulties and challenges. It is particularly important to grasp the generating logic of China’s path of peaceful development and to sum up experience and draw wisdom from the practice of China’s peaceful development. The formation of the China’s peaceful development path cannot be achieved without the scientific guidance of Marxist historical materialism and world peace concept, as well as the rich nourishment of traditional Chinese peace culture. The historical process of revolution, construction, and reform that the Communist Party of China has led the people through is the process of liberation and development of productive forces. Its core value orientation is to achieve people’s happiness, national rejuvenation, and the world commonwealth through peaceful development. The main thread that runs through the specific practice of China’s peaceful development is to reduce or even eliminate various forms of violence in the four dimensions of individual, society, country, and natural ecology, creatively and non-violently promote conflict transformation, and then promote people’s free and all-round development through comprehensive economic and social progress. The practice of China’s peaceful development has opened up a path for Chinese-style modernization, formed an ideological system of peaceful development with Chinese characteristics, achieved great social system reforms, enriched the meaning of the culture of peace. It is conducive to promoting the process of world peace and development and realizing sustainable peace and development.

Keywords: peace; positive peace; conflict transformation; China’s path of peaceful development; Chinese-style modernization; a community with a shared future for mankind

TheCommunicationDilemmaandBreakthroughStrategiesoftheDiscourseof“aCommunityofSharedFutureforMankind”/CAI Wencheng, et al(School of Marxism, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China)

Abstract: The community with a shared future for mankind, from discourse to action, from advocacy to consensus, and from appeal to leadership, is based on the three stages of discourse appearance, discourse enrichment, and discourse deepening. From the perspective of discourse meaning, the discourse of a community with a shared future for mankind interprets China’s beautiful and great vision of “building a world of lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness, inclusiveness, cleanness and beauty”, which is embodied in the organic unity of the five aspects of dialogue and consultation, joint construction and sharing, cooperation and win-win, communication and mutual learning, green and low-carbon concepts. From the perspective of discourse dissemination practice, the discourse of a community with a shared future for mankind is mainly faced with dissemination difficulties such as differences in cultural thinking and paranoia, presupposition and framing of western discourse, contamination and diffusion of western discourse, and weak discourse power and discourse system. It is necessary to strengthen the top-level design of discourse dissemination, expand the platform channels of discourse dissemination, build a collaborative mechanism for discourse dissemination, do a good job in the narrative integration of discourse dissemination, and consolidate the strength foundation of discourse dissemination to demonstrate the profound connotation of Chinese discourse and enhance the international voice of Chinese discourse, enhance the international recognition of Chinese discourse, and promote the process of Chinese discourse landing.

Keywords: a community with a shared future for mankind; Chinese discourse; discourse dissemination; predicament; strategy; consensus

TheTheoreticalPossibilityofModernizationandtheHistoricalNarrativeoftheChinesePathtoModernization：TheInterpretationandContemporaryEnlightenmentofMarx’sThoughtofGermanModernizationRoadinthePeriodofGerman-FrenchYearbook/LI Jiayi(School of Marxism, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China)

Abstract: In the period of German-French Yearbook, Marx puts forward important ideas on the modernization road through the study of German modernization. Marx believes that modernization is a concrete process of modernity according to social reality, so modernization itself is carried out dialectically and historically. Marx distinguished two modernization style of capitalism and non-capitalism, and through a concrete analysis of the social reality of Germany, he believed that Germany had the theoretical possibility of taking the latter path. The contemporary enlightenment of Marx’s German modernization thought is that it provides theoretical guidance for us to grasp the Chinese path to modernization. The Chinese path to modernization is undoubtedly the most important and greatest practical achievement of Marx’s modernization theory in the contemporary era. It contains the historical narrative of the Chinese nation, the Sinicization of Marxism and the world history.

Keywords: the period of German-French Yearbook; Marx; Germany’s modernization road; the Chinese path to modernization

StakeholderDialoguePracticeandtheResolutionofEthicalDilemmasinTelemedicine/CAO Hongmei, et al(Center for Health Policy and Management Research, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China)

Abstract: The ethical dilemma of telemedicine and its causes are mainly the deficiencies of human rationality in traditional ethical evaluation, and the uncertainty of communication and the difficulty of reaching an agreement among telemedicine stakeholders. The solution to this ethical dilemma requires the use of the advantage of dialogue rationality of dialogue ethics to overcome the shortcomings of traditional ethical evaluation, the use of dialogue to continuously solve the problems of heterogeneous subjects, and the practice of continuous dialogue among telemedicine stakeholders to ultimately achieve ethical perfection, thus constructing a dynamic and pluralistic telemedicine evaluation system that is constantly conducted in dialogue and feasible in the future.

Keywords: telemedicine; ethical dilemma; stakeholder; dialogue ethics; dialogue practice

HowCanTechnology“Trust”Human:ReflectionontheJusticeofIntelligentRiskControlintheViewofAlgorithmicTrust/LI Yanhua, et al(Department of Philosophy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 201100, China)

Abstract: The research of “trustworthiness” in modern artificial intelligence (AI) usually focuses on human’s trust in intelligent algorithms. But in the requirement of the shift of the field of risk control to AI’s ability of “reasonably doubt”, algorithmic “trust” has also become an important issue of artificial intelligence ethics. Risk management itself is a question of how to trust someone. In modern futurology, the planning of trust and doubt is handed over to technology to reduce risk. The artificial intelligence risk control takes data and algorithm as a way to trust human, which is an inevitable social depth disembedding characteristic of “post-human” in the intelligent age. As a result, AI risk control needs a unique philosophical attention compared with other intelligent technologies. But the risk prevention and control under the trust of algorithm must face the consideration of justice. Under the situation that the artificial intelligence object is gradually regarded as an active agent, realizing its “reasonable doubt” in the scene of risk control has become the basic ethical requirement of intelligent risk control.

Keywords: risk technology; AI risk control; technical justice; algorithmic trust

Tax,TransferPaymentandTopIncomeInequality/XIE E, et al(School of Economics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China)

Abstract: Top income inequality affects the balanced and full development of social economy. This paper constructs a theoretical model of the impact of individual income tax and transfer payment on top income inequality, and empirically analyzes the impact of China’s fiscal system (individual income tax and transfer payment) on the top income inequality using micro database. Theoretical analysis shows that the higher tax rate and the less subsidy the top earners receive, the lower top income inequality. At the same time, the faster the top earners’ income growth rate and the greater income fluctuation, the greater top income inequality. The empirical results show that the effective tax rate faced by the top earners is inversely correlated with top income inequality, and the degree of subsidy, income growth rate and income standard deviation are positively correlated with top income inequality. China’s fiscal system has a limited effect on top income inequality, and the top income inequality is more serious after considering the hidden income. The fiscal system of developed countries has a significant effect on the top income inequality, while the fiscal system of developing countries has a limited effect on the top income inequality. China should continue to improve its personal income tax system and transfer payment system, standardize the order of income distribution, appropriately reduce hidden income, and improve China’s fiscal system by learning from the experience of foreign countries in constructing the fiscal system, so as to finally alleviate top income inequality.

Keywords: tax; transfer payment; top income inequality; income distribution order; Pareto inequality; fiscal system

IntelligentDecisionSystemforCreditProvisionofSMEsBasedonMachineLearning:WiththeDataSharedby“InteractionofBanksandTaxes”asanExample/LI Chaojie(Administration Committee of Nanjing Jiangning Economic and Technological Development Zone, Nanjing 211000, China)

Abstract: With the development of financial technology, how to integrate modern credit technology to effectively alleviate the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises is a key problem to be solved in the financial market. From the perspective of “interaction of banks and taxes” policy, this paper excavates the credit characteristics of tax information of small and micro enterprises, and evaluates the credit default probability and credit risk level of small and micro enterprises in combination with random forest method and deep neural network method. Then, the profit and cost of the bank are comprehensively considered to optimize the credit interest rate and credit limits of different small and micro enterprises, so as to build an intelligent decision-making system for credit supply of small and micro enterprises. The results show that tax information can accurately identify the credit risk of small and micro enterprises, thus providing decision-making basis for bank credit provision. Furthermore, small and micro enterprises with high quality of tax information usually obtain more favorable credit support in whether credit limits or credit interest rate.

Keywords: small and micro enterprises; credit provision; machine learning; interaction of banks and taxes; financial technology

TheAssessmentoftheFinancialDemandofBRIPartnerCountriestoCopewithClimateChange/ZHANG Jianping, et al(China Institute for WTO Studies, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing 100029, China)

Abstract: Currently, global climate change governance has come to a critical moment. The climate funding is one of the key challenges in China’s high-quality construction of the “Belt and Road” and the “Green Belt and Road” under the dual-carbon target. This study quantitatively analyzes the climate funding needs of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI)countries and evaluates the rationality of their funding needs based on the current status of climate investment acceptance and latest Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) reports submitted by the 65 countries in BRI region. It is estimated that the total cumulative emission reduction of the countries in the BRI region by 2030 will be 91.48 Gt CO2-eq, and the ratio of mitigation and adaptation funds will be about 5:3. In addition, the results of the cost accounting model show that the average cost of carbon emission reduction in BRI countries is 74.75 USD/t CO2-eq, and the total financial demand of climate change is about USD 11.44 trillion. However, according to the UNEP standard of USD 40 per unit of reasonable emission reduction cost, the proper total financial needs of the BRI region should be USD 5.85 trillion. For high-quality construction of the “Belt and Road” and the development of international climate cooperation, the BRI countries should further improve their NDC reports and the rationality of climate funding needs. Then, they should form and implement the “Belt and Road” international cooperation strategy on climate change and promote partner countries to systematically carry out climate governance, so as to achieve the global temperature control target of 1.5℃/2℃ and contribute to the implementation of the Paris Climate Agreement and the global sustainable development goal of 2030.

Keywords: “Belt and Road” initiative; climate cooperation; nationally determined contribution; climate finance; carbon emission reduction; carbon neutrality; sustainable development

ResearchontheMeasurementofEnterpriseCraftsmanship/LIU Ying, et al(Institute of Medical Education, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China)

Abstract: In the critical period when countries around the world are actively responding to the “Fourth Industrial Revolution”, craftsmanship has returned to the whole society and been injected with new connotation of the times. “What is craftsmanship and how to cultivate craftsmanship” has become an important topic of concern to the whole society. This paper defines the concept of craftsmanship from the perspective of self-determination theory. Craftsmanship is a conscious behavior produced in the professional process, based on superb skills, to achieve professional responsibility and value in the pursuit of excellence and continuous pursuit of excellence. It clarifies the core connotation of craftsmanship which are exquisite skills, excellence, and professional significance from three new perspectives, namely, ability level, behavior attitude, and value orientation.Through rigorous processes, a 15-item Craftsman Spirit Scale was developed.On the basis of solving the problem of effectively measuring craftsmanship, the paper puts forward some suggestions on cultivating craftsmanship from the perspective of the core connotation of craftsmanship.

Keywords: craftsmanship; self-determination theory; measurement; cultivation

ImprovingTotalQuantityControlofMarinePollutantDischargeinMarineEnvironmentalProtectionLaw/XU Xiangmin, et al(School of Law, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China)

Abstract: Total quantity control of marine pollutant discharge has been adopted by China’s Marine Environmental Protection Law. However, it hasn’t become a system in operation, no matter judged as a legal norm or as a practical system. During the revision of Marine Environmental Protection Law, it is necessary to revise the system to focus on the behavior control of total pollutant discharge. To support this revision, it is necessary to establish the marine environmental quality targets which could serve as the basis to determine the total quantity that should be controlled or permitted. The revised law should identify the responsible department that determines the total quantity and allocates the total quantity, clarify the relationship between the system of total quantity control and the system of discharge permit, and coordinate the implementation of total quantity control with other relevant laws.

Keywords: Marine Environmental Protection Law；total quantity control；environmental quality targets； discharge permit

ANewAnalysisofEcologicalEnvironmentalDamageCompensationLitigationSystem/JIN Hai, et al(School of Law, Hohai University, Nanjing 211100, China)

Abstract: Clarifying the nature of the ecological environmental damage compensation litigation is the basic prerequisite for constructing the ecological environmental damage compensation system. Regarding the nature of ecological environmental damage compensation litigation, there are theories of special environmental civil public interest litigation, national interest litigation, private interest litigation, mixed litigation, special litigation in the academic community. The protection object of the ecological environmental damage compensation system is the ecological environment, not natural resources. The legitimacy of the litigation for ecological environmental damage is based on environmental supervision duties of the government and its departments, not the state ownership of natural resources. The legal nature of liability for ecological environmental damage compensation is public law responsibility, not private law responsibility. Regarding the issue of ecological restoration, “public law responsibility but private law operation” has caused many problems. “Public law responsibility and public law operation” conforms to the principle of environmental protection administrative power leading, judicial power supervision and extraterritorial experience. The path of “judicial supervision of ecological damage compensation” is that when the government and its departments investigate the administrative responsibility of the responsible person, they can adopt an administrative law enforcement mechanism through litigation for major cases. The ecological environment damage compensation lawsuit should be positioned as an administrative law enforcement lawsuit.

Keywords: ecological environmental damage; ecological environmental damage compensation litigation; administrative law enforcement; administrative law enforcement litigation

LivelihoodStrategiesandPensionSecurityinTransitioninChina:ACaseStudyofElderlyImmigrantCare/ZHENG Nana(School of Sociology and Population, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210046, China)

Abstract: Relocation, an important means of targeted poverty alleviation, aims to implement resettlement in a planned way through administrative means and solve the dilemma of “the region cannot support its people”. However, due to their health, educational level, language ability, livelihood mode and income level, the relocated elderly immigrants face varieties of challenges in the relocation site. In a post-rural society characterized by marketization and new urbanization, the relocated elderly immigrants not only face social adaptation and integration into their new homes, but also the changes in their livelihoods, intergenerational support, and pension models. The frequent population movement and going upstairs lead to the serious hollowing out of immigrant communities. As such, they are separated from the land and intergenerational support and turn to the old-age strategy that pursues self-protection and social support. Meanwhile, the coreization of the family structure makes the pension space evolve and expand gradually from families to selves, from families to communities, and from communities to society. It is therefore necessary to improve the self-care ability of the elderly immigrants, create communities with intergenerational harmony, improve the policies in support of the elderly, actively promote mutual assistance and social services, and secure the elderly immigrants’ pension security and social integration.

Keywords: relocation; elderly immigrants; livelihood strategies; pension security

ResearchontheSupplyofCommunityElderlyCareServicefortheDisabledElderlyfromPolicy-DrivenPerspective/WANG Yang, et al(Jiangsu Grassroots Social Governance Research Collaborative Innovation Base, Nanjing 210036, China)

Abstract: With the aggravation of the aging problem and the decline of family care, community-provided care service came into being driven by multiple factors. The key elements to promote the setting of the policy agenda are the importance attached by the state to national habits, the concern of the policy community, the prominence of social pension issues and the issuance of national guidance. The top-down government policy guidance and the positive response of the local government are the two driving forces to promote the implementation of the policy. Insufficient supply, low quality, and contradiction between supply and demand are prominent problems in the current community elderly care service policy. Deeply digging into the causes, it is found that the large gap between the current charging level of community elderly care service and the ability to pay is the key to the problem. By constructing a policy-driven model in three dimensions, including policy agenda, policy action and policy evaluation, this paper explores the generation logic and operating status of community pension service supply policies. Based on this, it is proposed that the provision of community elderly care service for the disabled elderly should continue to play the role of the government to provide high-quality and professional community elderly care service, and improve the consumption conditions of disabled elderly people.

Keywords: population aging; community elderly care service; disabled elderly; policy-driven; government guidance; provision mode